PHYSIOLOGY
1. A 72-year-old man with an atrial rate of 80 beats/min
develops third-degree (complete) AV block. A
pacemaker site located in the AV node below the
region of the block triggers ventricular activity, but at
a rate of only 40 beats/min. What would be
observed?
a. One P wave for each QRS complex
b. An inverted T wave
c. A shortened PR interval
d. A normal QRS complex
2. Two students, Vineet and Kamlesh were asked to
demonstrate in dogs the role of sinus nerve in
hypovolemic shock. Vineet severed the sinus nerve
when the mean blood pressure (MBP) was 85 mm Hg
and Kainlesh cut the sinus nerve when the mean
blood pressure was 65mm Hg. On cutting the sinus
nerve:
a. Vineet recorded an increase in MBP but Kamlesh
recorded a decrease in MBP.
b. Vineet recorded a decrease in MBP but Kamlesh
recorded an increase in MBP
c. Both recorded an increase in MBP
d. Both recorded a decrease in MBP.
3. The carotid artery is clamped above the level of
Carotid sinus. What is the possible outcome?
a. Increase in BP with Bradycardia
b. Increase in BP with Tachycardia
c. Decrease in BP with Bradycardia
d. Decrease in BP with Tachycardia
4. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the
normal heart can lead to complete inhibition of the
SA node for several seconds. During that period
a. P waves would become larger
b. There would be fewer T waves than QRS
complexes
c. There would be fewer P waves than T waves
d. There would be fewer QRS complexes than P
waves
5. A 32 year old man was brought to the ER following a
RTA. His BP is 80/50mmHg, PR 120 bpm. He has an
open fracture of the left tibia. Which physiological
response would be seen as a result of his vital
readings?
a. Venous return will increase
b. Peripheral vascular resistance will increase
c. GFR will increase
d. A and B is correct
6. In the PV loop below, the EDV is shown at what
point?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
7. A 6month old infant was brought in to the clinic for a
routine checkup. The infant is breastfeeding and the
mother has started complementary feeding. On
auscultation you hear a wide fixed split S2, HR is
100bpm, temp 37*C, RR 30/min diagnosis is ASD.
Which of the following statement is correct regarding
the child's blood oxygen saturation?
a. O2 saturation decreases in left ventricle
b. O2 saturation increase in right ventricle
c. O2 saturation decreases in pulmonary artery
d. None of the above
8. Which of the following is not a measure of stroke
volume?
a. Left ventriclular end diastolic volume minus left
ventricular end systolic volume
b. Ejection fraction times left ventricular end diastolic
volume
c. Ejection fraction times cardiac output
d. Cardiac output /heart rate
9. Which of the following would cause a decrease in
stroke volume, compared with the normal resting
value?
a. Reduction in afterload
b. An increase in end-diastolic pressure
c. Stimulation of the vagus nerves
d. Electrical pacing to a heart rate of 200 beats/min
10. Which of the following is not true for cardiac and
skeletal muscle fibers?
a. Both cardiac and skeletal muscles exhibit graded
contraction
b. Excitation-contraction coupling in both depends
upon increased intracellular Calcium
c. Excitation-contraction coupling is not dependent
on extracellular Ca2+ in skeletal muscle
d. Cardiac action potential has a plateau and a longer
refractory period
11. The data below are from an athletic 70-kg man during
heavy exercise. Which statement is correct? Oxygen
consumption: 4 L/min Arterial oxygen 19 mL/100 mL
content: blood Mixed venous oxygen 3 mL/100 mL
content: blood Heart rate: 180 beats/min
a. Cardiac output is 12 L/min
b. Cardiac output is 25 L/min
c. Stroke volume is 67 mL
d. Stroke volume is 100 mL

12. The given flow volume curve shows

a. 16L
b. 2.5L
c. 4.5L
d. 14L

15. An untrained person going to higher altitude for

a. Restrictive lung disease training can have maximum acclimatization by:
b. COPD a. Decrease in workload, increase in duration of
c. Extrathoracic obstruction exercise
d. Fixed airway obstruction b. Decrease in work load decrease in duration of
exercise
13. What does the slope A represents? c. Increase in work load, increase in duration of
exercise
d. Increase in work load, decrease in duration of
exercise

16. What is the pattern of breathing shown below?

a. Chronic bronchitis
b. Restrictive lung disease a. Biots breathing
c. Emphysema b. Kussmaul breathing
d. Single lung recording c. Cheyne- Strokes
d. Paradoxical breathing
14. A 45-year old man inhaled as much air as possible and
then expired with a maximum effort until no more air 17. A 68-yrs-old man who has COPD presents to his
could be expired, this produced maximum expiratory pulmonologist with fatigue, dyspnea at rest, and
flow-volume curve shown in the following diagram. peripheral edema. He is hyperventilating, His Pao2 =
What is the forced vital capacity of this man (in 60, and a pH of 7.6. His alveolar-arterial (A – a)
liters)? gradient is approximately.
a. 10 mmHg
b. 20 mmHg
c. 90 mmHg
d. 50mmHg
18. What happens when there is efferent arteriolar 23. What is the movement shown in the diagram below?
constriction
a. ↑RPF ↑GFR
b. ↓RPF ↓GFR
c. ↑RPF ↓GFR
d. ↓RPF ↑GFR

19. The renal plasma flow (RPF) of a patient was to be

estimated through the measurement of Para Amino
Hippuric acid (PAH) clearance. The technician
observed the procedures correctly but due to an error
in the weighing inadvertently used thrice the
recommended dose of PAH. RPF estimated is likely to a. Contraction
be: b. Peristalsis
a. False — High c. Segmentation
b. False — Low d. Pendular movement
c. False — high or false — low depending on the GFR
d. Correct and is unaffected by the PAH overdose 24. Which of the following is true regarding solute
excretion in water diuresis?
20. What does “Z” in the graph below represents? a. First increases then decreases
b. First decreases and then increases
c. Increases all through
d. Remains unchanged

25. Identify the hormone demonstrating the depicted

fluctuations

a. Glucose
b. Inulin
c. PAH
d. Urea a. ACTH
b. GH
21. A man with diabetes insipidus has a glomerular c. TSH
filtration of 155 L/day. Which range most likely d. Prolactin
represents the upper limit for urine flow rate in this
individual if he were not receiving treatment but had 26. Which of the following has maximum smooth
free access to water? muscle as compared to wall thickness?
a. 1 to 3 L/day a. Respiratory bronchiole
b. 5 to 10 L/day b. Alveoli
c. 15 to 20 L/day c. Terminal Bronchiole
d. 30 to 35 L/day d. Alveolar ducts

22. A 28 year old man is brought to the emergency in a 27. Delivery of stimulus above threshold intensity leads
confused state. His roommate informed you that he to a constant amplitude of AP and is known as:
had locked himself in his room for the past 2days and a. All or none law
has not eaten nor drunk anything since. His BP is b. Electronic potential
80/60mmHg, PR 110bpm, RR 12/min. Which is the c. Absolute refractory period
normal response of the body to such a condition? d. Relative refractory period
a. Increase V2 receptor on the collecting tubules
b. Increase V3 receptors in blood vessels 28. Which stage constitutes the largest amount of
c. Increase V2 receptor in blood vessels sleep time of a young adult?
d. Increase V1 receptors in the heart. a. REM
b. NREM 1
c. NREM 2
d. NREM 3
29. While exercising, a 42-year-old woman developed 35. The reciprocal inhibition of antagonistic muscle upon
sudden onset of tingling in her right leg and an lateral gaze is explained by:
inability to control movement in that limb. A a. Sherrington law
neurologic exam showed a hyperactive knee jerk b. Herring law
reflex and a positive Babinski sign Which of the c. Laplace law
following is not characteristic of a reflex? d. Hick’s law
a. Reflexes can be modified by impulses from
various parts of the CNS 36. A 50 year old male patient is not able to recognize
b. Reflexes may involve simultaneous contraction objects held in hand after injury to spinal cord , which
of some muscles and relaxation of others tract is damaged
c. Reflexes are chronically suppressed after spinal a. Dorsal column
cord transection b. Lateral Spinothalamic Tract (STT)
d. Reflexes often occur without conscious c. Medial STT
perception d. CLARK Column

30. What is the clearance (ml/min) of a substance x if 37. Which of the following is involved in REM sleep
it's plasma concentration is 10mg/mL, in urine is
100mg/mL and urine flow is 2ml/min?
a. 0.2
b. 20
c. 200
d. none of the above

31. An increase in which of the following parameters

will shift the O2 dissociation curve to the left:
a. Temperature
b. Partial pressure of CO2
c. 2, 3 DPG concentration a. Amygdala
d. Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin b. Locus ceruleus
c. Tectal nucleus
32. A patient suffers a severe hemorrhage resulting in a d. Fornix
lowered mean arterial pressure. Which of the
following would be elevated above normal levels? 38. Blindfolded subject is asked to verbally identify a
a. Splanchnic blood flow common object presented to her left hand. She is not
b. Baroreceptor Activity allowed to touch the object with her right hand.
c. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume Which of the following structures must be intact for
d. Heart rate her to complete this task?
a. The primary somatic sensory cortex on the left
33. A 56 year old woman has come with complaints of side of her brain
hand tremors which worsens while reaching out for b. The primary visual cortex on the right side of her
objects. Her past medical history is significant for brain
DM, Hypothyroidism and grade 2 fatty liver c. The fornix
disease. BP 135/94mmHg, PR 88bpm, RR 12/min. In d. The corpus callosum
the absence of any stimulus what would her resting
membrane potential be in the ulnar nerve of right 39. A 35 year old female was watching TV for long hours
hand? with hands under the head. She complaints of tingling
a. -90mV sensation over the arm and weakness. Which type of
b. -120mV nerve fibre is most likely to be affected?
c. +35mV a. A
d. -70mV b. B
c. C
34. During a nerve stimulus class experiment on a frog d. Sympathetic
a low voltage current was introduced to the frog
which caused the frog to jerk and fall limp again. 40. A 56 year old woman presents with abnormal slow
What is false regarding the experiment in view of twisting movements of the limbs. A lesion of the
restoring membrane potential? globus pallidus is suspected. Which of the following
a. There is sodium efflux and potassium influx did she most likely present with?
b. Sodium binds to the inner channel a. Chorea
c. Chloride binds to the inner channel b. Athetosis
d. Potassium binds to the outer channel. c. Hemiballismus
d. Parkinsoinism
41. Lesion of which of the following structure leads to 48. A disease that results in the loss of enteric inhibitory
Kluver-Bucy syndrome? motor neurons to the musculature of the digestive
a. Parahippocampus tract will most likely be expressed as
b. Hippocampus a. Rapid intestinal transit
c. Hypothalamus b. Accelerated gastric emptying
d. Temporal lobes c. Gastroesophageal reflux
d. Achalasia of the lower esophageal sphincter
42. Phineas Gage was a worker who had personality
disorder following a iron rod injury to his brain.which 49. Which of the following is characteristic when there is
part of his brain was involved a blood pressure of 170/98 mm Hg, muscle weakness,
a. Temporal lobe’ polydipsia, increased plasma sodium and serum
b. Frontal lobe aldosterone and plasma potassium and plasma renin
c. Parietal lobe activity is significantly decreased?
d. Limbic cortex a. Addison's disease
b. Conn's syndrome
43. An increase in the action potential frequency in a c. Cushing's syndrome
sensory nerve usually signifies d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
a. Increased intensity of the stimulus
b. Cessation of the stimulus 50. Which of the following is most likely to result in a
c. Adaptation of the receptor decreased rate of aldosterone release?
d. A constant and maintained stimulus a. An increase in renin secretion by the kidney
b. A rise in serum potassium
44. In Subthalmic Nucleus, the major neurotransmitter is: c. A fall in blood pressure in the kidney
a. Dopaminergic d. A decrease in IP3 in cells of the zona glomerulosa
b. Acetylcholine
c. Glutamate
d. GABA

45. All of the following manifestations are seen in cases

of cerebellar damage in human beings except
a. Loss of non-declarative/reflexive memory
b. Loss of adjustment of vestibulo-ocular reflex
c. Static tremor and rigidity
d. Ataxia, atonia

46. A substance on i.v. injection was found to be

distributed through 30% of body water
a. Did not pass freely through capillaries
b. Was distributed evenly across the body water
c. Did not enter the cells of body
d. Was excluded from CSF

47. Which of the following is correctly matched?

a. A Cells- Somatostatin
b. D cells-Insulin
c. L cells- GLP 1
d. K cells- CCK-PZ