Concept Map: Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD is a progressive, irreversible kidney disease

List 3 Risk Factors List 3 Laboratory Tests List 3 Nursing Interventions

What lab alteration would be seen with CKD?

List 3 Medications List 3 Teaching Instructions

Explain the Reason for Their Use

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 Concept Map: Chronic Kidney Disease
CKD is a progressive, irreversible kidney disease

List 3 Risk Factors List 3 Laboratory Tests List 3 Nursing Interventions

• Acute Kidney Injury
What lab alteration would be seen with CKD?
• Abnormal findings to be
• Diabetes Mellitus reported.
• Chronic Glomerulonephritis • Urinalysis–Hematuria and proteinuria seen. • Urinary patterns ( amount,
• Nephrotoxic Medications • Serum Creatinine–Gradual increase for CKD to exceed 4mg/ml. May be color, odor and consistency)
• Hypertension as high as 15 to 30 mg/dL. • Vital signs
• Autoimmune Disorders • BUN–Gradual increase. Can be as high as 180 to 200 mg/dl • Monitor vascular access or
• Polycystic Kidney • Serum Electrolytes–decreased sodium (dilutional) and calcium; peritoneal dialysis insertion site.
• Pyelonephrosis increased potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. • Control protein intake based on
• Renal Artery Stenosis • CBC–Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit (anemia) secondary to the stage of disease.
• Recurrent Severe Infections removal of folate and lack of erythropoietin secretion • Restrict dietary sodium,
potassium, phosphorous and
magnesium.
List 3 Medications List 3 Teaching Instructions • Provide diet that is high in
Explain the Reason for Their Use carbohydrates and moderate in
• Instruct the client to monitor the daily intake of fat.
• Sodium Polystyrene – to increase carbohydrates, proteins, sodium, and potassium. • Restrict intake of fluids (based
elimination of life-threatening serum • Instruct the client to monitor fluid intake according to on urinary output).
potassium fluid restriction prescribed the HCP. • Monitor for weight gain trends.
• Erythropoietin Alfa – to stimulate • Adhere to strict blood glucose control if diabetic. • Adhere to meticulous cleaning
production of red blood cells, to prevent • Instruct to avoid antacids containing magnesium. of areas on skin not intact and
anemia • Encourage to take rest periods from activity. access sites to prevent
• Ferrous Sulfate – an Iron supplement to • Educated on how to measure blood pressure and infection.
prevent severe iron deficiency weight at home. • Balance activity and rest.
• Aluminum Hydroxide Gel – To bind • Encourage to diet, exercise and take medications as • Provide skin care to increase
phosphate in food and stop phosphate prescribed. comfort and prevent
absorption • Encourage to ask questions and discuss fears. breakdown.
• Furosemide – to excrete excess fluids • Advice to notify HCP it signs of skin breakdown occurs. • Protect from injury.

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