Ad Hominem- argument to the man, argument rejecting a persons view by attacking or abusing his

personality.

Ad Hominem Tu Quoque- you too- argues that a persons claim is false because it is in consistent with
what persons earlier statement or action.

Appeal to Authority- when one appeals to authority in order to gain acceptance of a point or issue

When one appeals to the feelings of reverence or respect we have towards those authorities or those
famous ( fallacy of argumentum ad verecundiam)

Appeal to common practice- argues that if most people do an act it must morally correct.

Appeal to Consequences of a Belief- argues that belief is true if it leads to desirable consequences.
(argumentuam ad consequentiam) Good luck----

Appeal to emotion.assumes that the truth comes with good feelings and falsehood with bad feelings.
(used by politicians, cut leaders, advertisers.)

Appeal to feal- argumentum ad baculum , argues that a belief is true or atleast acted upon. ( chain
message)

Appeal to flattery- argues that there are persons who arrive at conclusions, or act in a certain way, when
flattered.

Appeal to Novelty- argues that a thing or idea is necessarily better simply because it is new.

Appeal to Pity- argumentum ad misericordiam- argues that some person conclude or make decisions
solely on pity and not on evidence.

Appeal to popularity- claim or idea is true simply because more people are inclined to accept such claim
or idea. External factor which is widespread acceptance of a belief.

Appeal to ridicule- argues that ridicule or the idea of being laughed at, may serve as basis of ones
decision.

Appeal to Spite- argues that spite or hate may substitute reason in coming to a conclusion.

Appeal to tradition- opposite novelty, argues that an idea is necessarily better simply because it is older.

Bandwagon- influence ones decision or conclusion Argumentum ad numerum

Begging the question- petition principii( assuming initial point) conclusion is assumed in the premises

Biased Sample- committed when a conclusion is taken from a sample which in turn was taken from a
clearly biased source.

RANDOM SAMPLE-

STRATIFIED SAMPLE- population subgroups

TIME LAPSE SAMPLE-

Circumstantial Ad Hominem- any persons claim by saying it is done out of self interest.
Composition- argues that what is true of a part is likewise true of the whole itself.

Confusing cause and effect- questionable cause, because events occur together, one must be cause of
the other.

Division-argues what is true of the whole is necessarily true of its parts.

False Dilemma- black and white fallacy, argues that there could be two choices for the problem.

Gamblers fallacy- Monte Carlo Fallacy- rejects the assumption in probability theory that each event is
independent of its previous happening.

Genitic fallacy- reductive or nothing but fallacy, origin of a thing is identical with that which came from
it.

Guilt by Association- bad company or company that you keep. Idea should not be accepted simply
because among those who accept the idea are people one does not like.Hast Generalization- general
statement is asserted which is basedin limited information, inadequate evidence or unrepresented
sampling.

Ignoring a common cause- fallcy of questionable cause-happens when a conclusion is made that A and b
are regularly associated or connected.

Pesonal Attack- hominem abusive- happens when abusive remarks against the speaker take place of
objective evidence.

Poisoning the well- When one discredits what a speaker will sayin the future by giving in advance
unfavorable information.

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc- Suoerstitios belief. Argues because event occurred ahead of even B, event A
was the cause of event B

Questionable cause- because two things are associatedon a regular basis , one is the cause of the other.
Post hoc fallacy hqppened regularly.

Red hearing- when a topic foreign to the issue is suddenly introduced in order to divert attention from
the original cause

Relativist Fallacy- accurs when a person dismisses a claim by saying that while the claim may be true for
other people, it may not be so for him.

Slippery Slope- once a person allows an event to happen, another event will inevitably follow-

Special Pleading- argues that rule of principlesonly apply to others but not tooneself without giving
relevant reason.

Spotlight- when one assumes that those who receive the most media attention are representative of the
group which they belong

Strawman- presents an opponents position in a week or absurd wasy so that it can easily be refuted.
Two Wrongs Make a Right- argues that if the other party did llegal things, then it is okay for one to make
an illegal activity.