GLOSARRY OF QUESTIONS CUME 212

QUESTION 1
(a) Define the following terms in NC
 Circular interpolation
 Linear interpolation
 Point to point interpolation
 Rapid traverse G00
 Absolute coordinate system
 Incremental coordinate system [10]
(b) Write a concise G-code programme to machine the outside profile in figure 1. Tool to be
used is 10mm in diameter. Initially the slab is 10mm thick and all other dimensions are as
shown.

Figure 1 [15]

QUESTION 2
(a) Discuss CNC machines advantages associated with their use in manufacturing [10]
 (b) Produce a concise G-code lathe programme for the profile in figure 2 [15]

Figure 2

QUESTION 3
(a) Define an APT programme and how it differs from G- code programme in CNC programming
[5]

(b) State the elements of APT which need to be defined before the programme is executed. [4]

(c) Write a concise APT Programme to machine the profile shown in figure 1 the initial thickness
of slab is 10mm. The points are numbered from 1 to 11. [16]

QUESTION 4
(a) Define:
 a solid model
 wireframe model
 surface model
 geometrical instancing
 REVSURF and REVOLVE commands
[10]
(b) Describe geometrical primitives and illustrate three types that you know [5]

(c) SLICE is one of the 3D commands used in CAD, state any other five commands and explain
how they are used to produce solid objects preferably using one illustration of your choice.
[10]
QUESTION 5

Figure 5

Use the method of constructive solid geometry to develop the object in figure 5. Show
the tree height, parents and children of the development. [20]

Question 6
(a) Define a parametric function and show one example by means of a typical mathematical
equation. [5]

(b) Define a Bezier cubic function and explain its application in graphics. [5]

(c) Explain how to convert a Bezier curve to a Hermite curve. [5]

(d) Illustrate the use of the following surface modelers, REVRSURF, REVOLVE, and SWEEP
commands. Use the section below in figure 6 or use any section of your choice.

Figure 6

[10]
Question 7

(a) Define the acronym CAD and CAM [4]

(b) Discuss at least five 5 advantages of using CAM in industry [10]
(c) Produce a lathe g-code programme for the profile of the component in figure Q1 use G90.
[11]

Figure Q1

Question 8
(a) Define

 Linear interpolation [2]

 Point to point [2]
 Circular interpolation [3]

(b) Write a g-code program to machine the profile of the figure 2 which comprises a pocket.
 Figure 2 [18]

Question 9
(a) Write an APT programme to machine the profile shown in figure 3

Figure 3 [25]

Question 10
(a) define tool radius/nose compensation [3]
(b) Define tool length compensation with the help of a sketch [3]
(c) Absolute dimension system with the help of a sketch [3]
(d) Define Incremental dimension system with the help of a sketch [3]
 (e) Explain the significance of the Euler Poincare equation ¿ ) [3]
(f) Test for topological consistency of the figure 10 [10]

Figure 10

Question 11
 Define a parametric curve by use of an example [3]
 A Bezier curve is a variation of Hemite curve compare and contrast the two curves [5]
 Construct a cubic Bezier curve showing its constraints P0 P1 P2 and P3 [5]
 Describe 5 geometrical primitives and show by use of a sketch how to produce a solid
model [12]

Question 12
(a) Describe surface modelling exemplified by swept or ruled surface [4]
(b) Discuss on two advantages and two disadvantages of surface modeling [5]
(c) Explain on three advantages associated with solid modeling against wireframe and
surface modeling. [6]
(d) Briefly explain on the integration that exists between CAD and CAM in an industrial set
and two the technical benefits that accrue from the linkage. [10]

Question 13
Describe the following solid representation schemes in solid modeling as clearly as you can

(a) Parameterized primitive instancing

(b) Spatial occupancy enumeration
(c) Cell decomposition
(d) Boundary representation [20]

Question 14
Figure 1 shows a component with 8 through holes of diameter 4mm on a PCD of 32mm and a square
pocket of 16 mm sides and 5mm deep and 5mm radius, write a full G –Code program for the
component profile.
 Figure 2

Question 15
(a) A cubic polynomial of the general form in the Hermite basis function is given by
ṕ= ṕ ( u ) = ṕ 0 ( 1−3 u2+ 2u 3) + ṕ 1 ( 3 u2−2u3 ) +¿ ṕ01 ( u−2 u2 +2 u3 ) + ṕ11 (−u 2+u 3 )
Derive the equation for Bezier cubic polynomial, illustrating your answer with appropriate
diagrams. [3]
(b) Using the Bezier equation derived in (a) above, calculate the parametric point on the Bezier
cubic curve that fits the parameter u = 0.3 and points P 0=(2,4) P1=(4,3) P2= (5,2)
P3 = (6,1) [1]

(c) show in the form of a table the topological analysis, the concept 3D half spaces as it can be
applied to the following 3D objects (use simple sketches for illustration):
 cuboid
 through square hole
 cuboid added on top (protrusion)
 square hole blind
 solid cylinder
 through cylindrical hole
 blind cylindrical hole in a block
 solid cylinder added to a block [16]
Question 16
(a) Use Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) method to construct a general binary tree (using
primitives as building blocks) for the symmetrical model in Fig2 (a). Show the height of the
binary tree.
[5]
(b) Give a topological analysis using Euler’s Poincare theorem in the form of a table, illustrate
with simple diagrams for the fig 2(b)

[5]

Question 17
(a) State the four elements of the CAD system. [4]
(b) Draw the diagram of CAD system architecture briefly explaining the functions of each part of
the system. [16]

Question 18
(a) Copy and complete the table
No 3D COMMAND/ Icon Meaning
INPUT
1 SUBTRACT / SU

2 UNION/ UNI Joins two or more solids into creating one based on the total
geometry of all.
3 INTERSECT/ IN
4 SOLIDEDIT
5 SLICE
6 3DALIGN
7 REVSURFACE
8 3DARRAY
9 ALIGN
10 3DMESH
11 3DPOLY
12 3D
13 HIDE

[10]

  Preparatory Functions (G-Codes) Miscellaneous Functions (M-Codes)

G00 Rapid positioning move M00 Temporary stop

G01 Linear cutting move
G02 Clockwise circular cutting move
G03 Counter clockwise circular cutting
move
G04 Set dwell in seconds
G17 Select the XY plane for contouring
(default)
G18 Select the XZ plane for contouring
G19 Select the YZ plane for contouring
G25 Execute subroutine
G26 Conditional branch
G27 Unconditional branch
G28 Set system or user defined
variable to value
G70 Set inch programming (default)
G71 Set metric programming
G72 Set rotary table scaling
G74 Set single quadrant arc mode
(default)
G75 Set multiple quadrant arc mode
G79 Canned cycle for milling a deep
channel
G80 Cancel canned cycle
G81 CNC lathe canned m/c cycle
reduce dia
G82 CNC lathe canned m/c cycle taper
turning
G83 CNC lathe canned m/c cycle
M02 End of program stop
M03 Spindle CW (output #1)
M04 Spindle CCW (output #5)
M05 Spindle (output#1, output#5)
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant (output #2)
M09 Coolant (output #2)
M10 Vacuum (output #3)
M11 Vacuum (output #3)
M12 Auxiliary Output (output #4)
M13 Auxiliary Output (output #4)
M17 Return from subroutine
M25 Rapid traverse to home position
M39 Chuck (output #6)
M40 Chuck (output #6)
M94 Issue Controller literal command
M97 Wait for true input state then continue
M99 Restart part program from beginning
Special Codes
* Multiplies two values/variables
\ Divides two values/variables
+ Adds two values/variables
-Subtracts two values/variables
A Rotary table angle
F Feedrate
S Spindle speed
threading T Tool number
G85 Canned boring cycle x – dia of V Rotary table velocity
PCD, I-initial angle, j – number of holes

G86 Pocket Milling x,y length and width

of the pockets respectively
G87 Canned drilling cycle with chip
break
G89 Canned boring cycle with dwell
G90 Set absolute programming mode
G91 Set incremental programming
mode (default)
G92 Set current tool position counters
to value
G95 Chain to next part program