MODEL QUESTION PAPER – II

FOR REDUCED SYLLABUS 2020 – 21

Time: 3 Hours 15 Min Max. Marks: 70
II PUC PHYSICS (33)
General Instructions:
(a) All parts are compulsory.
(b) Answer without relevant diagram / figure / circuit wherever necessary will not carry any marks.
(c) Direct answers to the numerical problems without detailed solutions will not carry any marks.

PART – A
I. Answer the following questions: 10 x 1 = 10

01. Name the weakest force in nature.

 Weakest force in nature is the Gravitational force.

02. Which law is used to explain rocket propulsion?

 Newton’s third law of motion is used to explain rocket propulsion.

03. What is elastic collision?

 The collision in which both the linear momentum and the kinetic energy of the

system are conserved is called Elastic collision.

04. Give an example for a body whose centre of mass lies outside the body.

 For circular ring, its centre of mass lies outside.

05. Name the SI unit of modulus of elasticity.

 newton metre 2  N m 2 

06. State Pascal’s law of transmission of fluid pressure.

 For a confined, static liquid, pressure applied at any point in the liquid is

transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions throughout the liquid.

07. What is the efficiency of Carnot engine when the temperature of source and sink are equal?
 T2 
 Zero    1 
 T1 

08. Define mean free path of a gas molecule.

 The mean free path of a gas molecule is defined as the average distance travelled by
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the molecule between two successive collisions.

09. What is the distance between a node and adjacent antinode?


 The distance between a node and adjacent antinode is
4
  wavelength

10. Convert 30 C into 

F.

TC  0 T  32 9
  F or TF  TC  32
100  0 212  32 5
9
TF   30  32  54  32 or TF  86  F
5
PART – B

II. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 x 2 = 10

11. Write the number of significant figures of the following: (a) 0.010 and (b) 14.00

 The number of significant figures in 0.010 is two.

 The number of significant figures in 14.00 is four.

12. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. What is the direction of acceleration during upward motion?
What is the velocity at the highest point of its motion?

 The direction of acceleration during the upward motion of the ball is vertically

downwards.

 The velocity at the highest point of motion of ball is zero.

13. Distinguish between scalars and vectors.

Scalars Vectors

Physical quantities having magnitude only Physical quantities having both magnitude

and direction only

They can be positive or zero but cannot be They can be positive or zero or negative

negative

They change if their magnitude changes They change if either their magnitude,

direction or both change

They can be added according to laws of They can be added according to laws of

algebra vector addition

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14. Mention any two factors on which the moment of inertia of a body depends.

 The moment of inertia of a body depends on

 mass of the body

 axis of rotation

 distribution of mass about the axis of rotation

15. Define radius of gyration of a body and write the expression for it.

Radius of gyration

 It is the perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the point where

the entire mass of the body is assumed to be concentrated to have the same

moment of inertia as the entire body.

 I  M K2

I
K K  radius of gyration
M

I  moment of inertia M  mass of the body

16. Mention any two methods of reducing friction.

 Friction can be reduced by

 Polishing

 Lubrication

 Using ball bearings or roller bearings

 Streamlining

 Selection of antifriction metals (steel)

17. State and explain first law of thermodynamics.

Statement

 In a thermodynamic process, the net heat absorbed by the system is equal to the

sum of the increase in the internal energy of the system and the external work done

by it.

 If dQ is the amount of heat given to a system, dU is the increase in the internal

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energy and dW is the external work done by the system, then

 dQ  dU  dW

 The first law of thermodynamics is based on the law of conservation of energy.

18. Draw the displacement-time graph for simple harmonic motion.


PART – C

III. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 x 3 = 15

m v2
19. Check the correctness of the equation F  using dimensional analysis, where the symbols
r
have their usual meaning.

 Centripetal force,  F    M 1 L1 T  2 
Mass,  m   M 1 
Velocity, v   L1 T 1 
Radius,  r    L1 
 Writing the dimensional formula of the quantities,

2
 M 1   L1 T 1 
 M L T  
1 1 2

 L1 

 M 1   L2 T  2 
 M L T  
1 1 2

 L1 

 M 1 L1 T  2    M 1 L1 T  2 

LHS  RHS
Hence the given equation is dimensionally correct.
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20. Distinguish between scalar product and vector product of two vectors.

Scalar product Vector product

Product is a scalar Product is a vector

A  B  A B cos  A  B  A B sin  n

Scalar product is maximum when the Vector product is maximum when the

vectors are parallel    0  vectors are perpendicular    90 

Scalar product is zero when the vectors Vector product is zero when the vectors

are perpendicular    90  are parallel    0 

Scalar product is commutative Vector product is non-commutative

21. Derive an expression for maximum speed of circular motion of a car on a level road.

 Consider a car of mass m moving with a constant speed vmax on a circular level

road of radius R .

 The forces acting on the car are

 Its weight m g

- acting vertically downwards

 Normal reaction N of the road on the car

- acting vertically upwards

 Frictional force f between the road and the tyres

- acting along the surface of the road towards the

centre of the path

 As there is no acceleration in the vertical direction,

N m g 0

mgN … (1)

 The centripetal force required for the car to go round the curved path without

skidding is provided by the static friction f .

2
m vmax
 f
R
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vmax  maximum or safe velocity of the car

 But f  S N  S  coefficient of static friction
2
m vmax
 S N … (2)
R
 Dividing (2) by (1),

2
m vmax
R  N
 S
mg N
2
vmax
 S
gR
2
vmax  S g R

vmax   S g R

22. What are conservative and non-conservative forces? Give example.

Conservative forces

 A force is said to be conservative if the work done by the force is independent of

path taken and depends only on the initial and final states.

 Examples

 Gravitational force, Electrostatic force, Magnetic force, Elastic force etc.,

Non – conservative forces

 A force is said to be non - conservative if the work done by the force is dependent

of path taken.

 Examples

 Frictional force, Electromagnetic induction, Viscous force, Air resistance etc.,

23. Obtain the relation between linear velocity and angular velocity of a rotating body.

 Let a rigid body describes an arc PQ  s in time t producing an angular

displacement  .

Then, the linear displacement of the particle is

sr 

 The linear velocity of the particle is

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 s r
v 
t t
vr 

24. Deduce an expression for Young’s modulus of a wire in terms of its radius.

 Consider one end of a string of length L and radius r fixed rigidly to

the support.

 When a load F  m g is applied to the other end of the string, the

length of the string increases by a small amount L .

L
 longitudinal strain 
L
F mg
longitudinal stress  
A  r2

longitudinal stress
 Young ' s modulus 
longitudinal strain

mg
 r2 mgL
Y or Y
L  r 2 L
L
 If d is the diameter of the wire, then

4mg L
Y
 d 2 L

25. Derive an expression for work done by the gas in an isothermal process.

 An isothermal process is one in which the pressure and volume of the system change

but the temperature remains constant.

 Consider n mole of an ideal gas contained in a cylinder of cross sectional area A

having conducting walls and provided with frictionless movable piston. Let P be

the pressure of the gas.

Let the gas expand isothermally from the initial state  P1 , V1  to the final state

 P2 , V2  .
V2

 The total work done will be Wiso   P dV

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V1
  For n mole of an ideal gas,

n RT
PV  n RT or P
V
V2 V2
n RT 1
Wiso  
V1
V
dV  n R T 
V1
V
dV

Wiso  n R T ln V V2  n R T ln V2  ln V1 

V
1

V 
Wiso  n R T ln  2 
 V1 

V 
Wiso  2.303 n R T log  2 
 V1 

 For isothermal process,

V2 P1
P1 V1  P2 V2 or 
V1 P2

P
Wiso  2.303 n R T log  1 
 P2 
26. Mention any three characteristics of SHM.

Characteristics:

 The body moves to and fro about the mean position

 The motion of the body is periodic

 Acceleration of the body is directly proportional to its displacement

 Acceleration is always directed towards the mean position

 The force producing the motion is always directed towards the mean position

 The velocity of the body is maximum at the equilibrium position and zero at

extreme positions

 The acceleration of the body is maximum at the extreme positions and zero at

equilibrium position
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 PART – D
IV. Answer any TWO of the following questions: 2 x 5 = 10

27. What is velocity-time graph? Derive v 2  u 2  2 a s using v  t graph.

 Consider a body moving with an initial velocity u along a straight line. It is

subjected to a uniform acceleration a .

After a time interval t , let v be its velocity and s be the distance travelled in this

time interval.

The v  t graph is as shown below.

 acceleration  slope of v  t graph

BC
a
AC

a
v  u  … (1)
t
 distance travelled  area under v  t graph

s  area of the trapezium OABD

1
s  BD  OA OD
2
1
s v  u  t … (2)
2
 Multiplying equations (1) and (2)

v  u   1
as v  u  t
t 2

as
v 2
 u2 
2
v2  u 2  2 a s or

v2  u 2  2 a s

28. Obtain the expression for centripetal acceleration of a particle executing uniform circular motion.

Centripetal acceleration:

 The radially inward acceleration of a particle executing uniform circular motion is

called centripetal acceleration.

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 Consider a particle moving with a constant speed

v around a circle of radius r from a point A to a

point B in time t .

(as shown in the figure)

Let v A and vB be the velocity of the particle at A

and at B respectively.

 The change in the velocity is

v  vB  vA

v is perpendicular to r

i.e., the acceleration is directed towards the centre of the circle and is called

centripetal acceleration.

 The triangles ABC and HIG are similar.

v v A

r r
v v
  vA  vB  v 
r r
v
v  r
r

 The centripetal acceleration ac of the particle is given by

v v r
ac  or ac 
t r t

v  r 
ac  v   v
r  t 

v2
ac 
r
 If  is the angular velocity of the particle, then

 r 
2


ac
r  v  r 

ac  2 r
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29. Derive an expression for the potential energy of an elastic stretched spring.

 Consider a block of mass m attached to one end of a

very light spring having force constant k . The other

end of the spring is fixed to a rigid support. The

block is placed on a frictionless horizontal surface.

(as shown in figure)

 The restoring force F developed in the spring when the block is displaced through a

distance x is

F k x

 The work done W in stretching a spring through a distance x against the restoring

force is

x
W    F dx
0

x x
W      k x  dx   k x dx
0 0

x
 x2   x2 
W  k    k   0
 2 0 2 

1
W  k x2
2
 This work done is stored as the potential energy U in the spring. Hence

1
U k x2
2
V. Answer any TWO of the following questions: 2 x 5 = 10

30. Define fluid pressure. Derive an expression for pressure at a point inside a liquid.

Fluid pressure

 The thrust exerted by the liquid at rest on a unit area of the

surface in contact with it is called pressure of the liquid.

 Consider a cylindrical jar filled with a homogeneous liquid of

density  to a height h .
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 Total thrust on the base of the jar is equal to weight of the liquid.
 i.e., F m g

But m V 

m Ah

FAhg

 The pressure P exerted by the liquid on bottom of the vessel is

F
P
A
Ahg
P
A
P g h

 Pressure at a point in a liquid is directly proportional to

 depth h of the point and

 density  of liquid

31. State and explain the law of equi partition of energy of a gas. Show that specific heat of solids,
C  3 R.

Law of equi-partition energy

 The total energy of dynamical system in thermal equilibrium is equally distributed

among its various degrees of freedom.

The average energy distributed per molecule per degree of freedom being constant
1
and is equal to kB T .
2
kB  1.38 10 23 J K 1  Boltzmann constant

T  absolute temperature of the gas.

Specific heat of solids

 Consider a solid of N atoms, each vibrating about its mean position.

1
An oscillation in one dimension has average energy of 2  kB T  kB T
2
In three dimensions, the average energy is 3 kB T
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 For 1 mol of solid, N  N A N A  Avogadro number

 The total energy is

U  3 kB T N A kB N A  R  gas constant

U 3 RT

 Now at constant pressure

dQ  dU  P dV

For a solid, the change in volume dV is negligible. Hence,

dQ  dU

 Molar specific heat,

dQ dU
C 
dT dT
d 3 R T 
C
dT
C 3 R

32. State Newton’s formula for speed of sound in a gas. Discuss the Laplace correction.

Newton’s formula

 According to Newton, when sound waves propagate through air, the temperature

of air in the regions of compressions and rarefactions, remains constant. Thus, the

propagation of sound through air takes place under isothermal conditions.

Under isothermal conditions, B  P  pressure of air

Therefore, Newton’s formula for the speed of sound in air is

P
v

 At STP and for air,

P 1.013 105
v   280 m s 1
 1.293

The experimental value is 332 m s . The value obtained from Newton’s formula is
1

about 16 % less than the experimental value. Thus, Newton’s formula needs
Page 13

correction.
 Laplace correction (Newton-Laplace formula)

 According to Laplace, changes in pressure during the propagation of sound wave in

a gas take place under adiabatic conditions.

This is because air is a bad conductor of heat and the changes are very rapid and

there is no time for equalization of temperature.

CP
For an adiabatic process, P V  constant  ratio of specific heats

 
CV

 Differentiating on both sides, we get

P  V 1 dV  V  dP  0

P  V 1 dV   V  dP

V  dP V dP
 P  
V 1 dV dV

dP volume stress
 P  B
 dV  volume strain
 
 V 

Hence under adiabatic process, B   P

 Therefore, Newton-Laplace formula for the speed of sound in air is

P
v


 At STP and for air,

P 1.411.013  105
v   332 m s 1
 1.293

This value agrees with the experimental value.

VI. Answer any THREE of the following questions: 3 x 5 = 15

33. A body is projected with an initial velocity of 20 m s 1 at an angle of 30 with the horizontal.

Calculate (a) maximum height (b) time taken to reach the maximum height and (c) horizontal

range. Take g  9.8 m s  2 .

 u  20 m s 1 ,   30 , g  9.8 m s  2 , H  ? , t  ? , R  ?
Page 14

 Maximum height attained by the projectile,

 u 2 sin 2 
H
2g

202  sin 2 30

H
2  9.8
202  0.52
H
2  9.8
H  5.10 m

 Time taken to reach the maximum height,

u sin 
t
g

20  sin 30
t
9.8
t  1.02 s

 Horizontal range of the projectile,

u 2 sin 2
R
g

202  sin 60

R
9.8
202  0.8660
R
9.8
R  35.35 m

34. An elevator which can carry a maximum load of 1800 kg (elevator + passengers) is moving up

with a constant speed of 2 m s 1 . The frictional force opposing the motion is 4000 N .

Determine the minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in watt and in

horse power . Take g  9.8 m s  2 .

 m  1800 kg , g  9.8 m s  2 , f  4000 N , v  2 m s 1 , P  ?

 Total downward force on the elevator,

F m g f

F  1800  9.8  4000

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F  17640  4000
 F  21640 N

 Power delivered by the motor to the elevator,

PF v

P  21640  2
P  43280 W

43280
P hp 1 hp  746 W 
746
P  58.02 hp

35. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform mass density, how much would a body weigh half
way down to the centre of the earth if it weighed 250 N on the surface?

R
 Ws  250 N , d  , Wd  ?
2
 Let Ws and Wd be the weight of the mass on the surface and at a depth d of the

earth.

Wd m g d
 
Ws mg

Wd g d

Ws g

 But acceleration due to gravity at a depth d of the earth is

 d
g d  g 1  
 R

gd  d 
 1  
g  R

Wd  d 
Hence,  1  
Ws  R 

Wd  1 
 1  
250  2 

1
Wd  250 
2
Wd  125 N
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36. When 0.15 kg of ice at 0 C is mixed with 0.3 kg of water at 50 C in a container. The

resulting temperature is 6.7 C . Calculate the latent heat of fusion of ice. Given:

cw  4186 J kg 1 K 1 .

 mi  0.15 kg , mw  0.3 kg , t1  0 C , t2  50 C , t  6.7 C , cw  4186 J kg 1 K 1 ,

Lf  ?

Heat lost by 0.3 kg water when its temperature falls from 50 C to 6.7 C ,
 


Q1  mw cw  t2  t3 

Q1  0.3  4186   50  6.7 

Q1  54376.14 J

Heat required to melt 0.15 kg ice into water at 0 C ,




Q2  mi L f

Q2  0.15  L f

Heat required to rise temperature of 0.15 kg water from 0 C to 6.7 C ,

 


Q3  mw cw  t  t1 

Q3  0.15  4186   6.7  0

Q3  4206.93 J

 From the principle of calorimetry, Heat gained is equal Heat lost

Q2  Q3  Q1

0.15  L f  4206.93  54376.14

0.15  L f  54376.14  4206.93

0.15  L f  50169.21

50169.21
Lf 
0.15
L f  334461.4 J kg 1
Page 17
37. A spring with a spring constant 1200 N m1 is mounted on a horizontal table and one end is

fixed. A mass of 3 kg is attached to the free end of the spring. The mass is then pulled sideways

to a distance of 2 cm and released. Calculate (a) the frequency of oscillation of the mass (b) the

maximum acceleration of the mass and (c) the maximum speed of the mass.

 k  1200 N m1 , m  3 kg , A  2 cm  0.02 m , f  ? , amax  ? , vmax  ?

 Frequency of oscillation of the mass,

1 k
f 
2 m

1 1200
f 
2  3.14 3
1
f   20
2  3.14
f  3.185 Hz

 Maximum acceleration of the mass,

amax   2 A

amax    2  f  A
2

amax    2  3.14  3.185  0.02

2

amax   8 m s  2

 Maximum velocity of the mass,

vmax   A

vmax   2  f  A

vmax   2  3.14  3.185  0.02

vmax  0.4 m s 1
Page 18
Sl. No. Chapter Weightage

01 Physical world 01

02 Units and Measurement 05

03 Motion in a straight line 07

04 Motion in a plane 15

05 Laws of motion 06

06 Work, Energy and Power 14

07 System of particles and Rigid body 08

08 Gravitation 05

09 Mechanical properties of solids 04

10 Mechanical properties of fluids 06

11 Thermal properties of matter 06

12 Thermodynamics 06

13 Kinetic theory of gases 06

14 Oscillations 10

15 Waves 06

Total 105
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