IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL.
16, 2017
Ultrawideband (UWB) Planar Antenna with Single-,
Dual-, and Triple-Band Notched Characteristic Based
on Electric Ring Resonator
Irina B. Vendik, Senior Member, IEEE, Alexander Rusakov, Komsan Kanjanasit, Jiasheng Hong, Fellow, IEEE,
and Dmitry Filonov
Abstract—The ultrawideband (UWB) planar antenna is
designed as a circular metallic patch fed by a coplanar waveguide
(CPW). This antenna provides the impedance bandwidth of the
wideband response from 2.5 to 12 GHz. To achieve the notched
characteristics at desirable frequencies, the electric ring resonator
(ERR) incorporated into the CPW feedline is proposed for use in
the planar configuration of the UWB antenna. The notched fre-
quency band is controlled by dimensions of the ERR structure.
The single-notched band can be obtained by placing a single ERR
beneath the CPW structure. For implementation of the multinotch
band, a modified multimode structure of the ERR is examined.
Reconfigurability of the first notched band is provided by using a
digital variable capacitor (DVC) instead of ERR’s quasi-lumped
capacitance. The results of simulations and measurements are in a
good agreement.
Index Terms—Band notch, dual-mode ERR (dual-ERR), dual-
band notched, electric ring resonator (ERR), monopole, multimode
ERR, reconfigurability, triple-band notched, tri-mode ERR
(tri-ERR), ultrawideband (UWB) antenna.
I. INTRODUCTION
LTRAWIDEBAND (UWB) systems are of great interest
U due to their possibility to provide high-data-rate wire-
less transmission, wireless connectivity, longer-range applica-
tions, low-data-rate applications, and use for radar and imaging
systems. UWB antennas, as an important part of UWB systems
Manuscript received August 18, 2016; revised October 2, 2016 and November
15, 2016; accepted November 26, 2016. Date of publication January 16, 2017;
date of current version June 12, 2017. This work was supported in part by the
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation by the Federal Tar-
get Program “Research and development in priority areas of Russian scientific
and technological complex for 2014-2020,” Project No. 14.578.21.0120.
I. B. Vendik and A. Rusakov are with the Microwave Microelectronics Lab-
oratory, Department of Microelectronics and Radio Engineering, St. Petersburg
Electrotechnical University, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia (e-mail: ibvendik@
rambler.ru; sanyarus@bk.ru).
K. Kanjanasit is with the Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket 83120, Thailand (e-mail:
komsan.k@psu.ac.th).
J. Hong is with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engi-
neering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University,
Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. (e-mail: j.hong@hw.ac.uk).
D. Filonov is with the Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials,
ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia (e-mail: dmitriy.filonov@
phoi.ifmo.ru).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this letter are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2652978
1536-1225 © 2017 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
1597
providing low power dissipation and large impedance band-
width, have attracted great attention of researchers. Among nu-
merous versions of UWB antennas, planar monopole antennas
are considered as good candidates for UWB applications.
In reality, many other narrowband services occupy frequen-
cies in the UWB range—for example, WiMAX for some Euro-
pean and Asian countries (3.3–3.6 GHz) and WLAN for IEEE
802.11a in the USA (5.15–5.35 and 5.725–5.825 GHz), etc.
Interference between UWB antennas and existing narrowband
systems has inspired a growing interest to design the UWB an-
tennas with notch characteristics to avoid the influence of unde-
sired signals on the UWB systems. Various band-notched UWB
antennas using different design techniques have been reported
recently [1]–[16].
The conventional methods focus on cutting slots of various
shapes in the radiating patch [1]–[6], the ground plane [5],
and the feedline [7]. Other methods are based on using planar
resonators as parasitic elements (capacitively/inductively cou-
pled; open-ended/short-circuited), placed near the radiating
patch [3], [6], [8], [10]–[13], the ground plane [4], [9]–[11],
and/or the feedline [2], [9], [14]. To achieve multiband notched
characteristics, combinations of different design techniques are
used [3]–[6], [9]–[11]. Although these methods of design pro-
vide desired performances, there are drawbacks for practical
applications such as complicated structures and large dimen-
sions, strong coupling between band-notched structures, etc.
Alternative ways to design UWB band-notched antennas in-
clude deploying the components widely used in a design of
metamaterials and electromagnetic bandgap structures [15],
[16].
To achieve reconfigurability of a band-notched response,
usage of p-i-n diodes and varactor diodes incorporated into
slots/stubs of UWB antenna is commonly used [17].
In this letter, the UWB antenna is based on the planar
monopole configuration designed as a circular metallic patch
fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) [18]. The impedance band-
width of the wideband response is observed in the frequency
range 2.5–12 GHz. To achieve the band-notch characteristics,
the design was performed by incorporating the electric ring
resonator (ERR) with a CPW structure exhibiting a bandstop
characteristic. The frequency of notch is controlled by the ERR
geometry. To design a single notched band, it is necessary to add
a single ERR beneath the CPW structure. To obtain double or
1598
Fig. 1. Reference UWB monopole antenna: (a) photograph of the top side;
(b) VSWR versus frequency and simulated peak gain versus frequency.
Fig. 2. Radiation patterns of the reference UWB antenna at (a) 3.5,
(b) 5.8, and (c) 7.5 GHz in xz-plane (red) and yz-plane (black): simulations
(dotted lines) and measurements (solid lines).
triple notched bands, a cascaded structure of the ERRs with dif-
ferent resonant frequencies can be used [19], [20]. An alternative
way to realize multinotched bands is using modified multimode
structure of the ERR providing a notch response in a narrow
frequency range at the chosen frequency. Reconfigurability of
the first notched band is obtained by using a digital variable
capacitor (DVC) instead of ERR’s quasi-lumped capacitance.
II. REFERENCE UWB MONOPOLE ANTENNA
The design of the reference antenna is based on the circular
patch fed by the CPW structure. Fig. 1(a) shows the top side
of the monopole antenna fabricated on Rogers RO3003 sub-
strate with εr = 3, tan δ = 0.0013, thickness of 1.52 mm, and
dimensions of 50 × 50 mm. The radius of the circular patch is
12.5 mm, and the 50-Ω CPW feedline is formed by the strip
of 4-mm width and two gaps of 0.2 mm. Simulated and mea-
sured VSWR and simulated peak gain of this reference antenna
are shown in Fig. 1(b). The radiation patterns of the antenna at
three chosen frequencies 3.5, 5.8, and 7.5 GHz are presented in
Fig. 2(a)–(c), correspondingly.
III. ELECTRIC RING RESONATOR
The resonator coupled with a transmission line provides a
narrow stopband at the resonant frequency depending on the
dimensions of the resonant structure. The ERR used in a design
of metamaterial structure [21], [22] is suggested as a com-
ponent of the UWB antenna with the notched characteristic.
Schematic diagram of the ERR consists of a square ring with the
quasi-lumped capacitance inside. The equivalent diagram of the
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 16, 2017
Fig. 3. Dual-mode ERR (dual-ERR): (a) schematic diagram, and (b) surface
current distribution for low-frequency mode and (c) for high-frequency mode.
Fig. 4. UWB single-notched antenna: (a) photograph of the bottom side;
(b) VSWR versus frequency and simulated peak gain versus frequency.
ERR corresponds to a parallel LC-tank [21]. The resonant fre-
quency depends on the inductance L (ring dimensions) and on
the capacitance C (the central gap width Gc and length Lc ).
The modified structure of the dual-mode resonator (dual-
ERR) consists of two nested square rings to manipulate the
notched effect [see Fig. 3(a)]. The behavior of the resonances
at the first and second notched frequencies of the dual-ERR has
been analyzed during the parametric study of the CPW with
dual-ERR [20]. The low-frequency mode is provided by the
excitation of the central capacitor and the inner ring [see the
current distribution in Fig. 3(b)]. The current in the outer ring is
conditioned by a mutual inductance between the rings and can
be considered as a small perturbation. In general, the resonant
frequency of the first mode (5.8 GHz) depends on the dimensions
of the inner square ring L1 and the quasi-lumped capacitance
Lc , Gc . The second mode corresponds to the resonant response
of the structure formed by two coupled rings with dimensions
L1 and L2 . The current distribution corresponding to odd mode
of two coupled rings [see Fig. 3(c)] confirms this statement.
There is no current flow through the capacitive gap, and the
resonant frequency (7.5 GHz) is defined by the geometry of two
coupled rings only.
IV. UWB BAND-NOTCHED ANTENNA DESIGN AND
MEASUREMENTS
The bottom side of the UWB antenna with single-notched
band (5.8 GHz) provided by the single-mode resonator is shown
in Fig. 4(a). The characteristics of antenna are presented in
Fig. 4(b). The ERR of the UWB antenna is characterized by
the following dimensions: W0 = W1 = WC = 0.3 mm, LC =
2 mm, GC = 0.5 mm, and L1 = 7 mm.
VENDIK et al.: UWB PLANAR ANTENNA WITH SINGLE-, DUAL-, AND TRIPLE-BAND-NOTCHED CHARACTERISTIC BASED ON ERR 1599

Fig. 7. UWB triple-notched antenna: simulated VSWR versus frequency and

Fig. 5. UWB double-notched antenna: (a) photograph of the bottom side; simulated peak gain versus frequency.
(b) VSWR versus frequency and simulated peak gain versus frequency.
TABLE I
COMPARISON TO REPORTED TRIPLE-BAND-NOTCHED UWB ANTENNAS

f 1 /f 2 /f 3 [GHz] Number of notching Antenna

elements dimensions [mm]

This work 3.5/5.8/7.5 1 50 × 50

[5] 3.5/5.5/8.2 3 32 × 35
[6] 3.5/5.5/7.5 3 28 × 30
[7] 3.6/5.6/8.3 2 27 × 30.5
[8] 3.5/5.2/5.8 3 18 × 25
[9] 3.5/5.3/5.8 6 30 × 39.3
[13] 3.5/5.8/8.6 1 30 × 35
[14] 3.6/5.5/7.8 2 26 × 36.6
[16] 3.6/5.5/8.2 4 35 × 35

following dimensions were used: W0 = W1 = 0.5 mm, W2 =

Fig. 6. Tri-mode ERR (tri-ERR): (a) schematic diagram, (b) surface cur-
rent distribution for low-frequency mode, (c) for middle-frequency mode, and
(d) for high-frequency mode.
The full-wave analysis has been performed using finite-
element simulation code [23]. Experimental study was car-
ried out in anechoic chamber with dimensions of 9 × 5 ×
4 m using E8362C PNA Microwave Network Analyzer. The
peak gain parameter and VSWR [see Fig. 4(b)] are in agreement
with the expected results. For tuning the notched frequency from
5.8 to 3.5 or 7.5 GHz, it is enough to change the dimension of
the resonator L1 from 7 to 10 mm or 5.3 mm correspondingly
[19]. The bottom side of the double-notched UWB antenna
(5.8 and 7.5 GHz) with the dual-ERR is shown in Fig. 5(a). The
dual-ERR of the UWB antenna is characterized by the following
dimensions: W0 = W1 = W2 = WC = 0.5 mm, LC = 3 mm,
GC = 0.2 mm, L1 = 6 mm, and L2 = 8.7 mm. The character-
istics of the antenna are presented in Fig. 5(b). The simulated
and measured results are in a good agreement.
V. UWB TRIPLE-NOTCHED ANTENNA
The tri-mode ERR (tri-ERR) for a design of the triple-notched
band is shown in Fig. 6(a). The tri-ERR of the UWB antenna
contains three coupled rings and the interdigital capacitor. The
W3 = 0.35 mm, L1 = 6 mm, L2 = 8 mm, and L3 = 10 mm.
The interdigital capacitor integrated into the tri-ERR was used
for a realization of the first notch at frequency of 3.5 GHz. The
current distributions for the first three modes are presented in
Fig. 6(b)–(d). As in the case of the dual-mode resonator, the low-
frequency mode is provided by the excitation of the interdigital
capacitor and the inner ring. Two other modes arise from the
resonances of structures formed by coupled rings with dimen-
sions L1 , L2 , and L3 . Thus, the triple-notched antenna design
starts with the setting of the first mode by properly choosing the
geometry of the capacitance and the inner ring (L1 ); then, the
third mode is set by choosing the proper dimension of the mid-
dle ring (L2 ); and finally, the second mode is set by choosing
the proper dimension of the outer ring (L3 ).
The simulated response of the triple-notched UWB antenna
(3.5, 5.8, and 7.5 GHz) containing the tri-ERR described above
is presented in Fig. 7.
In Table I, the characteristics of the previously reported tri-
band-notched UWB antennas are compared to this letter. For
the simulation and the experimental verification, we used the
substrate of 50 × 50 mm. The ground plane size of this antenna
affects the lower cutoff frequency, so by using the 35 × 35 mm
substrate, the simulations show practically the same results suit-
able for UWB (lower cutoff frequency of 3.1 GHz). Though the
notched antenna in [13] contains only one resonator provid-
ing three notches (similar case), increasing number of notches
is limited by a worse performance of the antenna. The au-
thors of [13] argue that “ . . . the more the number of resonators
1600
Fig. 8. Reconfigurable UWB triple-notched antenna with DVC: reconfig-
urable tri-ERR and simulated VSWR versus frequency.
used the more complicated the UWB system is.” Moreover,
for higher frequency, the degradation of responses is observed
([13, Fig. 2(b)]).
VI. RECONFIGURABLE UWB BAND-NOTCHED ANTENNA
For a design of the reconfigurable notched response, we pro-
pose to use a DVC instead of ERR’s quasi-lumped capacitance.
As it follows from the current distribution (see Fig. 6), only the
resonant frequency of the first mode is influenced by the capaci-
tance value. The higher modes are insensible to the capacitor in-
clusion. The reconfigurability of the tri-ERR with inserted DVC
32CK301 by Cavendish Kinetics Inc. [24] is demonstrated in
Fig. 8 (loss factor of the DVC has not been taken into account).
Evidently, the first resonant frequency of the tri-ERR and the
corresponding notch frequency are tuned from 2.8 up to 4.2 GHz
by changing the capacitance from 0.4 up to 1 pF with the step
of 0.01–0.02 pF.
By analogy with the proposed reconfigurable triple-notched
UWB antenna, frequency tuning of the first notched frequen-
cies in single- and double-notched UWB antennas can be
provided.
VII. CONCLUSION
The planar UWB antenna with the ERR has been described
exhibiting the band-notched characteristics. The antenna is de-
signed as a planar monopole fed by the CPW and the ERR cou-
pled with the feeding structure. The coupling effect provides the
notched characteristics at chosen frequencies in the UWB op-
erating band. The use of a modified multimode structure of the
ERR is followed by a simplification of a UWB antenna design
with the multinotched response. Finally, using the DVC instead
of ERR’s capacitance provides the reconfigurable notched an-
tenna’s response.
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