Assignment No 6

6 Marks Question
1. Explain the basic concept of facilities management.
Facility management (FM) is a profession that encompasses
multiple disciplines to ensure functionality, comfort, safety
and efficiency of the built environment by integrating people,
place, process and technology.

FMs contribute to the organization’s bottom line through their

responsibility for maintaining what are often an organization’s
largest and most valuable assets, such as property, buildings,
equipment and other environments that house personnel,
productivity, inventory and other elements of operation. Here are
some of the ways FMs contribute to an organization’s business
strategy and bottom line:

 Impacting operational efficiencies

 Supporting productivity of facilities and personnel
 Managing risks to facilities and personnel
 Mitigating environmental impact
 Promoting sustainable tactics for long-term cost
management
 Leveraging technological solutions
 Reducing or overcoming effects of natural disasters
 Guaranteeing compliance
 Leveraging security

WHAT SKILLSETS DO FACILITY MANAGERS

HAVE?

 Occupancy and human factors

  Operations and maintenance
 Sustainability
 Facility information and technology management
 Risk management
 Communication
 Performance and quality
 Leadership and strategy
 Real estate
 Project management
 Finance and business

2. What are the main functions of Housekeeping?

 The extension of the housekeeping function outside the
hotel bedroom normally includes cleaning of the bedroom
floors and may also include the staircases, public
cloakrooms and other public areas of the hotel.
 Many times, outside agencies are involved in cleaning the
public areas such as the lobby and the restaurant area as
well as the men’s and women’s restrooms. This activity is
normally carried out at odd hours or at the times when
public is not around this area.
 The standard of the cleanliness needs to be maintained
and it’s the duty of the executive housekeeper to see that
pre-determined standards of cleanliness are maintained in
all the areas of the hotel it be if the fire-exit stairwells and
goods lifts or any other public area.
 To ensure this, the day of executive housekeepers begin
with around with assistant housekeeper of all such areas
which is visited by the public. For this standards need to
be set and once the standards are approved, the
department shall strive hard to maintain them.
  Other function areas of the housekeeping department
includes:

I. Lost and Found Department: Many a times while cleaning a

guest room attendant comes across
some personal items of the guest left behind. The value of the
personal item can vary from almost
136 nil to thousands of rupees as in the case of Rolex watches,
etc. All the articles found while
cleaning g the rooms are, thus, handed over by attendants to the
floor supervisor, who maintains a
list of the found articles against the specific room number.

II. First Aid: First aid as and when needed by the guests is
provided by the housekeeping
department which m maintains the first aid kit.
 
III. Floral Arrangement: Fresh floral arrangements all over the
hotel are maintained by the
housekeeping department. The private areas like guest bedroom
or the public areas like the
restaurants and the lobby floral arrangements are made by
housekeeping department.
 
IV. Laundry Services: The laundry services extended to the
guest are usually provided by the
housekeeping. The laundry to be washed is collected from the
guest room and washed, dried and
ironed clothes are supplied back to th e guest room. Earlier, all
the hotels had in house laundry
services but nowadays many hotels have out-sourced this
service, both for the hotel linen as well
as for the guest laundry.

V. Purchasing: This is one role of the housekeeping department

where a lot of money transactions
take place. This is one of the important areas which can affect the
profitability of the hotel if various products purchased and supplies
are not well managed.

The primary areas of purchasingthat are under the control of the

Executive housekeepers are:

a) Bedroom supplies: e.g., laundry bags, breakfast, cards,

shoeshine, etc.,
b) Bathroom supplies: e.g., toiletries,
c) Linen: bed sheets and towelling,
d) Tea and coffee making facilities (TCMF): e.g., tea/coffee
sachets, sugar, milk and biscuits,
e) Working replacements: e.g., shower curtains, crockery,
glassware, vacuum cleaners, trolleys,
etc.,
f) Cleaning supplies: e.g., air freshener, bleach, cleaning product,
and
g) Uniforms: e.g., for the room attendants/porters.

I. It is necessary for the Executive housekeeper to ensure that

the supplies and their consumption is monitored. The list of
items in the purchasing list can be further classified into.

a) Consumable: bedroom supplies, cleaning supplies and TCMF

b) Assets: uniforms, working replacement and linen.
 3. Explain energy saving measures with related examples.

I. Smart Climate Control

If there’s any energy need that all businesses share, it’s climate
control. Whether it’s air conditioning or heating, every business
has the need for climate control, and often a dedicated HVAC
system. Internet of Things and machine learning are helping
businesses save significantly on their energy consumption and
costs. From smart thermostats that allow users to program their
energy consumption around daily occupancy needs to smart
sensors that monitor fluctuations in real-time occupancy, there are
no shortage of energy-management tools available to help
business save on their energy costs.

Hotels, with their random occupancy patterns, are finding that

smart energy-management systems maximize their energy
savings. These systems use sophisticated machine-learning
algorithms and diverse data sets such as historical
thermodynamics, local weather patterns and peak demand loads
to optimize energy consumption in real-time, all year round.

II. Air Source Heat Pumps

Smart thermostats aren’t the only way that business can save on
their heating costs. Advances in HVAC hardware technology also
offer businesses new opportunities to save on energy costs.
Specifically, air source heat pumps make it possible to transfer
heat from outside a building to inside it (or vice versa). The
science behind ASHPs involves using the principles of vapor
compression-refrigeration to absorb heat from one place and
release it to another. The advantage for hotels is that ASHPs can
be used as energy-efficient space heaters or coolers, removing
the need to overload a central HVAC system to accommodate the
specific needs of a smaller or compartmental space.

III. Smart Lighting Technology

Smart energy-management systems are not limited only to HVAC

systems. Smart lighting technology also enables hotels to better
understand their energy needs, automate their consumption and
adapt to real-time to changes in occupancy. Some companies
have managed to cut energy costs by 75 percent and improved
productivity by 20 percent by converting to a smart LED lighting
system. Just like EMS helps hotels adjust energy consumption
based on real-time climate-control needs, smart lighting systems
also enable properties to set preferred lighting times and track
activity to improve workflow throughout the facility.

IV. Solar Panel Technology

Rising economic superpowers and Australian suburbanites aren’t

the only ones benefiting from the rise and proliferation in solar
technology. Hotels of all sizes are leveraging increasingly
affordable photovoltaic technology to reduce their energy costs.
Solar power technology offers businesses a two-fold opportunity:
to reduce energy consumption from the grid and sell excess
production back into that grid. Therefore, hotels can save on their
energy costs and subsidize whatever energy consumption they
still have to pay for.

V. Automatic Shutdown Sockets

A significant energy cost for many hotels is vampire power draw.

Also known as standby power, it refers to the way electric power
is consumed by electronic and electrical appliances while they are
switched off (but are designed to draw some power) or in a
standby mode. This is where automatic shutdown sockets come
in. These are simply smart power outlets that use infrared sensors
or timers to cut power to any connected device when the device is
not in use or the room is unoccupied. In other words, they allow
hotels to save on powering devices whenever they are not in use.

VI. Predictive Monitoring

Like energy-management systems that monitor, track and

optimize energy consumption, predictive maintenance enables
hotels to use sensor data to identify wasteful or hazardous trends
and alert maintenance staff before the issue escalates into a
much costlier one. For example, as an HVAC system fluctuates
through different levels of performance based around occupancy
needs, there will be wear-and-tear on its different physical
components. Rather than waiting for a component to break down
before being repaired or replaced, predictive maintenance
enables engineering staff to predict maintenance needs based on
system usage, prevent system failures and reduce the costs of
operating a faulty system.

VII. Smart Water Management

Water is a necessary requirement for life and every hotel relies on

the stuff just to keep afloat. Whether it’s part of a manufacturing
process or necessary to provide customers with food, drink and
sanitary facilities, dihydrogen monoxide is an unavoidable cost of
doing business. When considering how a single leaky toilet can
cost as much as $840 a year plus the costs of any additional
water damage, it’s easy to see how water can become an
unnecessarily expensive business expense. By monitoring water
lines with smart, low-cost water meters, however, facilities such
as hotels and college campuses can see [return on investment]
on their water consumption in less than five years.
As technology advances, it changes many of our tastes,
preferences and needs. It relegates old industries obsolete,
creates new ones seemingly overnight and fundamentally shifts
the balance of supply and demand across markets. What doesn’t
change is the need for energy consumption. Whether it’s
manufacturing physical products, providing customers with a
comfortable experience, or keeping employees happy, productive,
and motivated, energy consumption is a universal cost of doing
business. For hotels willing to embrace the advance of
technology, however, there are no shortage of opportunities to
reduce their energy costs.

4. What are the roles of pest control and horticulture?

PEST CONTROL

 Pest cause the enormous amount of damage and

cause a huge loss to the food business. Often cause
 serious food poisoning. As a housekeeping staff one
must be very much vigilant in controlling of pest by
applying of medicines. Pest control is a compulsory
activity for hotels, restaurants and any sector of
hospitality industry. Here in this article we will discuss
about various kind of pests and insects and few
common methods of controlling pests in hotels.

Eradication of pest
1. Basically a cleaned well-ventilated environment cut down the
possibilities of pest.

2. Since most hotels are airconditioned it is not necessary to open

the windows that cut down the entry of insects.

3. Mosquitoes ants can be killed by spraying insecticides. This

can be done when guest is not in the room and well before the
service of bar and restaurant.

4. For mosquitoes and insects which are dangerous and spread

malaria. The small electric machine thats heat up when some
liquid or tablet are put on it. It gives off the vapor that kills the
pest.

5. Silver fishes are wingless insects of silver color they usually

appear in cupboard storage areas. Proper and regular cleaning
eradicates pest.

Role of housekeeping in pest control

I. The important factor affecting the development of
pest is the availability of suitable finding undisturbed
condition.
 II. Other factors like temperature humidity also
involved. Thus, to maintain environment is vital.
III.  The main aim is to remove the spillage, food residue
on which they feed or breed.
IV.  As some insects complete the life cycle very quickly
it is important that the pest control should be done
frequently.
V.  Regular attention should be given to the drains as
they are the major source of entrance of rat.
VI.  Professional pest control agencies should be hired if
the infestation is serious.

HORTICULTURE

Responsible for the general maintenance of the gardens, plants

and lawns at the Hotel. And also maintain the beautification of the
lawns and gardens in order to attract guests to hotels lush and
green surroundings.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

 Soil cultivation, digging, forking, mulching, watering, raking,
weeding, edging, pruning, seed sowing, bed preparation and
planting.
 The use and maintenance of hand tools and basic light
machinery.
 The use of cylinder and rotary mowers, strimmers, leaf
blowers.
 Adjustments of mower height and quality of cut, etc.
 Oil level checks and check for damage to any mower.
 Report equipment malfunctions to engineering as and when
noticed.
 To be aware of Health and Safety requirements noting that
all duties must be carried out to comply with current Health &
Safety at Work legislation.
 To ensure all equipment, machinery is stored securely and
clean after use.
 Plant and transplant flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns.
 Maintain gardens by naturally fertilizing, trimming and
making sure that plants are receiving adequate water.
 Prune trees and hedges in ways that help the plants' health,
are safe and look good.
 Maintain lawn and grass areas using machinery, natural
fertilizer’s but no chemicals.
 To keep the gardens, thoroughfares and footpaths clear and
free from litter at all times.
 Planting (purchasing, organizing etc.)
 Pruning and cutting hedges.
 Outside maintenance including pathways, pond, steps, walls
etc.
 Tiding up and cleaning outside of the hotel building.
 Keep the tool shed / store room clean and tidy.
 Good knowledge of plants, must be organized and able to
follow schedule.
14 Marks Questions

5. Write short notes on

a Housekeeping

 The extension of the housekeeping function outside the

hotel bedroom normally includes cleaning of the bedroom
floors and may also include the staircases, public
cloakrooms and other public areas of the hotel.
 Many times, outside agencies are involved in cleaning the
public areas such as the lobby and the restaurant area as
well as the men’s and women’s restrooms. This activity is
normally carried out at odd hours or at the times when
public is not around this area.
  The standard of the cleanliness needs to be maintained
and it’s the duty of the executive housekeeper to see that
pre-determined standards of cleanliness are maintained in
all the areas of the hotel it be if the fire-exit stairwells and
goods lifts or any other public area.
 To ensure this, the day of executive housekeepers begin
with around with assistant housekeeper of all such areas
which is visited by the public. For this standards need to be
set and once the standards are approved, the department
shall strive hard to maintain them.

VI. Lost and Found Department: Many a times while cleaning a

guest room attendant comes across
some personal items of the guest left behind. The value of the
personal item can vary from almost
136 nil to thousands of rupees as in the case of Rolex watches,
etc. All the articles found while
cleaning g the rooms are, thus, handed over by attendants to the
floor supervisor, who maintains a
list of the found articles against the specific room number.

VII. First Aid: First aid as and when needed by the guests is
provided by the housekeeping
department which m maintains the first aid kit.
 
VIII. Floral Arrangement: Fresh floral arrangements all over the
hotel are maintained by the
housekeeping department. The private areas like guest bedroom
or the public areas like the
restaurants and the lobby floral arrangements are made by
housekeeping department.
 
IX. Laundry Services: The laundry services extended to the
guest are usually provided by the
housekeeping. The laundry to be washed is collected from the
guest room and washed, dried and
ironed clothes are supplied back to th e guest room. Earlier, all
the hotels had in house laundry
services but nowadays many hotels have out-sourced this
service, both for the hotel linen as well
as for the guest laundry.

b. Pest Control

 Pest cause the enormous amount of damage and

cause a huge loss to the food business. Often cause
serious food poisoning. As a housekeeping staff one
must be very much vigilant in controlling of pest by
applying of medicines. Pest control is a compulsory
activity for hotels, restaurants and any sector of
hospitality industry. Here in this article we will discuss
about various kind of pests and insects and few
common methods of controlling pests in hotels.
Eradication of pest

1. Basically a cleaned well-ventilated environment cut down the

possibilities of pest.

2. Since most hotels are airconditioned it is not necessary to open

the windows that cut down the entry of insects.

3. Mosquitoes ants can be killed by spraying insecticides. This

can be done when guest is not in the room and well before the
service of bar and restaurant.

4. For mosquitoes and insects which are dangerous and spread

malaria. The small electric machine thats heat up when some
liquid or tablet are put on it. It gives off the vapor that kills the
pest.

5. Silver fishes are wingless insects of silver color they usually

appear in cupboard storage areas. Proper and regular cleaning
eradicates pest.

Role of housekeeping in pest control

I. The important factor affecting the development of
pest is the availability of suitable finding undisturbed
condition.
II. Other factors like temperature humidity also involved.
Thus, to maintain environment is vital.
III. The main aim is to remove the spillage, food residue
on which they feed or breed.
 IV.  As some insects complete the life cycle very quickly
it is important that the pest control should be done
frequently.
V.  Regular attention should be given to the drains as
they are the major source of entrance of rat.
VI. Professional pest control agencies should be hired if
the infestation is serious.

c. Horticulture

 To ensure all equipment, machinery are stored securely and

clean after use.
 Plant and transplant flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns.
  Maintain gardens by naturally fertilising, trimming and
making sure that plants are receiving adequate water.
 Prune trees and hedges in ways that help the plants' health,
are safe and look good.
 Maintain lawn and grass areas using machinery, natural
fertilizer’s but no chemicals.
 To keep the gardens, thoroughfares and footpaths clear and
free from litter at all times.
 Planting (purchasing, organizing etc.)
 Pruning and cutting hedges.
 Outside maintenance including pathways, pond, steps, walls
etc.
 Tiding up and cleaning outside of the hotel building.
 Keep the tool shed / store room clean and tidy.
 Good knowledge of plants, must be organized and able to
follow schedule.

6. Write down different energy saving measures and

explain each measure in detail.

 Smart Climate Control

If there’s any energy need that all businesses share, it’s climate
control. Whether it’s air conditioning or heating, every business
has the need for climate control, and often a dedicated HVAC
system. Internet of Things and machine learning are helping
businesses save significantly on their energy consumption and
costs. From smart thermostats that allow users to program their
energy consumption around daily occupancy needs to smart
sensors that monitor fluctuations in real-time occupancy, there are
no shortage of energy-management tools available to help
business save on their energy costs.

Hotels, with their random occupancy patterns, are finding that

smart energy-management systems maximize their energy
savings. These systems use sophisticated machine-learning
algorithms and diverse data sets such as historical
thermodynamics, local weather patterns and peak demand loads
to optimize energy consumption in real-time, all year round.

 Air Source Heat Pumps

Smart thermostats aren’t the only way that business can save on
their heating costs. Advances in HVAC hardware technology also
offer businesses new opportunities to save on energy costs.
Specifically, air source heat pumps make it possible to transfer
heat from outside a building to inside it (or vice versa). The
science behind ASHPs involves using the principles of vapor
compression-refrigeration to absorb heat from one place and
release it to another. The advantage for hotels is that ASHPs can
be used as energy-efficient space heaters or coolers, removing
the need to overload a central HVAC system to accommodate the
specific needs of a smaller or compartmental space.

 Smart Lighting Technology

Smart energy-management systems are not limited only to HVAC

systems. Smart lighting technology also enables hotels to better
understand their energy needs, automate their consumption and
adapt to real-time to changes in occupancy. Some companies
have managed to cut energy costs by 75 percent and improved
productivity by 20 percent by converting to a smart LED lighting
system. Just like EMS helps hotels adjust energy consumption
based on real-time climate-control needs, smart lighting systems
also enable properties to set preferred lighting times and track
activity to improve workflow throughout the facility.

 Solar Panel Technology

Rising economic superpowers and Australian suburbanites aren’t

the only ones benefiting from the rise and proliferation in solar
technology. Hotels of all sizes are leveraging increasingly
affordable photovoltaic technology to reduce their energy costs.
Solar power technology offers businesses a two-fold opportunity:
to reduce energy consumption from the grid and sell excess
production back into that grid. Therefore, hotels can save on their
energy costs and subsidize whatever energy consumption they
still have to pay for.

 Automatic Shutdown Sockets

A significant energy cost for many hotels is vampire power draw.

Also known as standby power, it refers to the way electric power
is consumed by electronic and electrical appliances while they are
switched off (but are designed to draw some power) or in a
standby mode. This is where automatic shutdown sockets come
in. These are simply smart power outlets that use infrared sensors
or timers to cut power to any connected device when the device is
not in use or the room is unoccupied. In other words, they allow
hotels to save on powering devices whenever they are not in use.

 Predictive Monitoring

Like energy-management systems that monitor, track and

optimize energy consumption, predictive maintenance enables
hotels to use sensor data to identify wasteful or hazardous trends
and alert maintenance staff before the issue escalates into a
much costlier one. For example, as an HVAC system fluctuates
through different levels of performance based around occupancy
needs, there will be wear-and-tear on its different physical
components. Rather than waiting for a component to break down
before being repaired or replaced, predictive maintenance
enables engineering staff to predict maintenance needs based on
system usage, prevent system failures and reduce the costs of
operating a faulty system.

 Smart Water Management

Water is a necessary requirement for life and every hotel relies on

the stuff just to keep afloat. Whether it’s part of a manufacturing
process or necessary to provide customers with food, drink and
sanitary facilities, dihydrogen monoxide is an unavoidable cost of
doing business. When considering how a single leaky toilet can
cost as much as $840 a year plus the costs of any additional
water damage, it’s easy to see how water can become an
unnecessarily expensive business expense. By monitoring water
lines with smart, low-cost water meters, however, facilities such
as hotels and college campuses can see [return on investment]
on their water consumption in less than five years.

As technology advances, it changes many of our tastes,

preferences and needs. It relegates old industries obsolete,
creates new ones seemingly overnight and fundamentally shifts
the balance of supply and demand across markets. What doesn’t
change is the need for energy consumption. Whether it’s
manufacturing physical products, providing customers with a
comfortable experience, or keeping employees happy, productive,
and motivated, energy consumption is a universal cost of doing
business. For hotels willing to embrace the advance of
technology, however, there are no shortage of opportunities to
reduce their energy costs.
 7. Write short notes on
a Security
 Security is the degree of resistance to, or
protection from, harm.
 It applies to any vulnerable and valuable asset,
such as a person, dwelling, community, item,
nation, or organization.
 The main functions of the security department
include managing the entry & exit of the people.
The people include employees, vendors and
various other stake holders, safeguarding the
infrastructure and equipment’s of the company,
detections of the threats for the company.

b Front Office
 Front office or reception is the first place where
employees /guests/customers arrive and come in
touch with the staff.
 The function of the front office is to directly get in
touch with customers.
 The front office receives information about the
various stakeholders then will pass onto the other
department of the company.
 The company needs to give training to the front
office receptionist because this position will be in
contact with people the most.
  Staff working in the front office can also deal with
simple tasks, such as sorting emails and helping
on printing and typing tasks.
 Front office staff needs to use different skills on
technologies too, such as using the printers, fax
machines and phone.
 Front office or reception is related to Service
Delivery System, where employees engage with
people.

C. Training

 Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or

others, any skills  and knowledge  that relate to
specific useful  competencies .
 Training has specific goals of improving one's
capability ,
capacity, productivity  and performance .
 Training the facility services employee is very
essential to deliver exceptional service to the
company. The training also helps to analyze and
evaluate the employee awareness about their
roles and responsibilities. The facility manager
should conduct training for the employee by
following any of the following training methods,
 On the Job training
 Off the Job training
 Class room training
 Role Play