A Comparative Study On Different Exterior Vertical Grid System in Tall Building

ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819
A Comparative Study on Different Exterior

Vertical Grid System in Tall Building
Kutbuddin A Ranpurwala1, Vimlesh V Agrawal2, Vishal B Patel3
Post Graduate Student, Department of Structural Engineering1
Assistant Professor, Department of Structural Engineering 2,3
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College, Anand, Gujarat, India
Abstract: The large-scale urbanization in the country and shortage of land in urban areas for
accommodating the vast population migrating thereto is being addressed through vertical developments
in the form of tall buildings. Tall buildings are generally governed by lateral load, so the selection of an
appropriate lateral load resisting system is of much importance. One of the efficient lateral load resisting
systems is the tube system. Diagrid and Hexagrid are a form of the tube system. In this research a
comparative study is carried out between frame Structure, diagrid, horizontal hexagrid, and vertical
Hexagrid to resist lateral load along with the gravity load by varying various parameters. Around 120
models were analyzed in ETABS software with different parameters like Module height, module angle,
Building Height, Soil type, and Column location. Seismic load are applied as per Indian code. The
results are compared in terms of Base Shear, Storey drift, Storey displacement, and Time period.
Keywords: Tall Building, Lateral Load, Diagrid, Horizontal Hexagrid, Vertical Hexagrid, Soil type
I. INTRODUCTION
Tall buildings are escalating right now especially in significant cities of the world, due to the progression of efficient
structural systems, advances in construction technology and methodology, and because of a shortage of urban land
available for construction. In the design of tall buildings along with the action of gravitational the loading lateral
loadings due to wind or earthquake are the governing factors. Either interior or exterior structural systems are used to
resist the lateral loads. The broadly used internal lateral load resisting structural systems include rigid frame, braced
frame, shear wall, and outrigger structure whereas the exterior systems constitute tubular, diagrid, pentagrid, hexagrid,
and octagrid structures. Diagrid structural systems are accepted in tall buildings, owing to their structural capability,
elegant look, and convenience in the aspect of architectural planning.
In the diagrid structures, the vertical columns from the perimeter of the building are removed and arrange in the
shape of diamond modules. A triangulated configuration is formed in the diagrid structural systems because of the
modules and due to this, diagrid can transfer gravity and lateral loads and distribute them in a very uniform and correct
manner. Also, due to the exclusion of columns, much space room is available to make the structure more flexible.
Module size or diagrid module height is the number of floors linked in the Diagrid module. Moreover, the diagonal
angle is the angle between the diagonal members and the horizontal member of the building. Diagrid module size and
Diagonal angles both play an important role in the structural, architectural and aesthetic looks of the building.
Hexagon and hexagon-like shapes are very ordinary in natural forms and materials at both Minuscule and larger
scales. At a larger scale, the most common hexagon natural structure is a beehive. The hexagon shape of honeycomb is
believed by Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro to be the one that holds the largest amount of honey with the least
amount of wax required to build the hexagrid consists of multiple hexagonal grids at the exterior perimeter surfaces of
the building. The hexagrid system can be arranged horizontally as well as vertically.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1041 392

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II. BUILDING SPECIFICATION AND MODELS

Plan Dimension 24 m x 24 m
Building Height 60 m, 90 m, 120 m
No of Storey G+19, G+29, G+39
Storey Height 3m
Slab Thickness 120 mm
Peripheral Beam ISWB 600
Interior Beam ISMB 500
Column ISWB 600
Inclined Column ISHB 400
Grade of Concrete M 40
Grade of Rebar Fe 500
Grade of Steel Fe 345
Gravity Loads(IS 875:1987 Part 1,2)
Dead Load 2 kN/m2
Imposed Load 2.5 kN/m2
Imposed Load on roof 0 kN/m2
Seismic Loads(IS 1893 :2016 Part 1)
Zone factor 0.16
Soil type Hard(I), Medium (II), Soft(III)
Importance Factor 1.2
3 for Simple frame
Response Reduction Factor
4.5 for Grid Structure
Equivalent Static Method(ESM)
Analysis Method
Response Spectrum Method(RSM)
Figure 1: Plan of the Building

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Figure 2: Simple Frame (SF) Figure 3: Diagrid 4 storey Module (DG-6SM) Figure 4: Diagrid 6 storey Module (DG-6SM)
Figure 5: Horizontal Hexagrid 1 Storey Figure 6: Horizontal Hexagrid 2 Storey

Module (HHG-1SM) Module (HHG-2SM)

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Figure 7: Vertical Hexagrid 3 Storey Figure 8: Vertical Hexagrid 4 Storey

Module (VHG-3SM) Module (VHG-4SM)
III. RESULTS IN TERMS OF BASE SHEAR, STORY DISPLACEMENT, STORY DRIFT AND TIME PERIOD
Figure 9: Base Shear on Soil Type I Figure 10: Base Shear on Soil Type II
Figure 11: Base Shear on Soil Type III Figure 12: G+19 Base Shear on Different Soil Type
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Figure 13: G+29 Base Shear on Different Soil Type Figure 14: G+39 Base Shear on Different Soil Type
Figure 15: G+19 Displacement by RSM on Soil type I Figure 16: G+19 Displacement by ESM on Soil type I
Figure 17: G+19 Displacement by RSM on Soil type II Figure 18: G+19 Displacement by ESM on Soil type II

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Figure 19: G+19 Displacement by RSM on Soil type III Figure 20: G+19 Displacement by ESM on Soil type III

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Figure 33: G+19 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type I Figure 34: G+19 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type II
Figure 35: G+19 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type III Figure 36: G+29 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type I

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Figure 37: G+29 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type II Figure 38: G+29 Story Drift due to RSM on Soil type III
Figure 39: G+39 Story Drift due to RS on Soil type I Figure 40: G+39 Story Drift due to RS on Soil type II
Figure 41: G+39 Story Drift due to RS on Soil type III Figure 42: Time Period of G+19 Building

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Figure 43: Time Period of G+29 Building Figure 44: Time Period of G+39 Building
III. CONCLUSION
 Models with corner column show an increase in base shear as compared to Model without corner column on
all three different soil conditions and on all three different building heights
 Simple Frame structure shows highest base shear followed by Horizontal Hexagrid 1 Story module on all three
different soil conditions and among all three different building heights
 Horizontal Hexagrid 2 Story module shows least base shear on all three different soil condition and on all
three different building heights
 Soil type I has the least base shear followed by soil type II and then soil type III on all three different building
height
 Models with Corner Column show less Story displacement as compared to the model without corner column
on all three different soil conditions and on all three different building heights
 Diagrid 4 Story module shows least Story displacement followed by Horizontal Hexagrid and Diagrid 6 Story
module which has an almost similar response
 Frame Structure shows highest Story displacement followed by Vertical Hexagrid 2 Story module and then
Horizontal Hexagrid 3 Story module
 The above displacement trend has been observed on all three different building heights
 Soil type I has the least story displacement followed by soil type II and then Soil type III
 Models with Corner Column show less Story Drift as compared to the model without corner column on all
three different soil conditions and on all three different building heights
 Maximum story drift is observed in frame structure and minimum in Diagrid 4 Story module due to seismic
loading on all three different type of soil and on all three different building heights
 Soil type I has the least story drift followed by soil type II and then Soil type III
 Diagrid 4 story module has least time period followed Horizontal Hexagrid 1 story module
 Horizontal Hexagrid 2 story module has the highest time period followed by Simple Frame
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ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2021