AwMœ wegv BDwbU

Fire Insurance 13
f‚wgKv
mf¨Zvi ïiæ †_‡KB Av¸b gvby‡li wbZ¨ m½x| Av¸‡bi e¨envi mf¨Zvi weKv‡k †hgb mnvqZv K‡i‡Q, †Zgwbfv‡e Av¸‡b
cy‡o ÿwZM«¯Í m¤úwËi Avw_©K †jvKmvb cywl‡q wb‡Z AwMœ wegvi Rywo †bB| wba©vwiZ nv‡i wc«wgqvg Rgv wb‡q wegv
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv AwMœ wegv cwjwm Bmy¨ K‡i| feb I fe‡bi Af¨šÍixY hš¿cvwZ, AvmevecÎ I `ªe¨vw` Ges e¨emvwqK
cY¨`«‡e¨i Rb¨ AwMœ wegv Kiv hvq| Avevi me¸‡jv welq‡K GK mv‡_ wegvi AvIZvq Avbv hvq| e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖmv‡ii
mv‡_ mv‡_ AwMœ wegvi cÖPjb †e‡o hv‡”Q| G BDwb‡U AwMœ wegvi †kÖwY wefvM, AwMœ wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ
cÖf…wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| Zvn‡j Avmyb, AwMœ wegvi bvbv welq †R‡b wbB|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-13.1 : AwMœ wegvi aviYv, Zvrch© I †kªwYwefvM
cvV-13.2 : AwMœ wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb
cvV-13.3 : AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ
cvV-13.4 : AwMœ wegvi ÿwZc~iY `vwe I gxgvsmv c×wZ

gyL¨ kãgvjv Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ, ÿwZc~iY `vwe I gxgvsmv c×wZ
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-13.1 AwMœ wegvi aviYv, Zvrch© I †kªwYwefvM

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

AwMœ wegvi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœ wegvi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœ wegvi †kªwYwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœ wegvi aviYv

bvg †_‡KB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Av¸‡bi ÿqÿwZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨B AwMœ wegvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q|
mvivwe‡k¦ GwU eûj e¨eüZ wegv| AwMœ wegv m¤úwË wegvi GKwU aib gvÎ| GwU GKwU Pzw³| †h Pyw³i
Øviv wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi Rb¨ wegvMÖnxZv‡K wegvKvix wbw`©ó wcÖwgqv‡gi wewbg‡q wbw`©ó cwigvY A_©
cÖ`vb Kivi cÖwZkªæwZ cÖ`vb K‡i, Zv‡K AwMœ wegv e‡j|
R.S. Sharma-i g‡Z, ÒAwMœ wegv Pyw³ GKwU Pyw³ hvi gva¨‡g cÖwZ`v‡bi wewbg‡q GK cÿ Aci c‡ÿi ewY©Z
welqe¯Íz AwMœ Øviv A_ev Pyw³‡Z ewY©Z Ab¨ †Kvb wec‡` ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j Pyw³‡Z wba©vvwiZ cwigvY ÿwZc~iY Kivi
A½xKvi K‡i|Ó M. N. Mishra–Gi g‡Z, ÒAwMœKv‡Ûi Kvi‡Y m„ó ÿwZc~iY †`Iqvi cÖwZkÖæwZ‡K AwMœ wegv e‡j|Ó
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Av¸‡bi ÿwZ †_‡K Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi Rb¨ †h wegv Kiv nq, Zv‡K AwMœ wegv e‡j|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h, AwMœ wegvi KwZcq ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q|
AwMœ wegvi ˆewkó¨mg~n
AwMœ wegvi msÁv¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡j AwMœ wegvi wb‡Pi ewY©Z ˆewkó¨vewj †`L‡Z cvIqv hv‡et
1. AwMœ wegv GKwU Pyw³ †hLv‡b `ywU cÿ _v‡Kt wegvMÖnxZv I wegv †Kv¤úvwb|
2. GwU GKwU ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pyw³|
3. Pyw³i welqe¯Íz n‡e m¤úwË I gvbyl, wKš‘ km¨ ev Mevw` cï Gi welqe¯‘ bq|
4. ÿwZc~iY †c‡Z n‡j wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZ n‡Z n‡e|
5. wegvi mg‡q wba©vwiZ cwigvY cÖ`Ë wcÖwgqvg n‡jv cÖwZ`vb|
6. ÿwZc~i‡Yi cwigvY ÿwZi mgvb ev Pzw³‡Z ewY©Z wbw`©ó mxgv ch©šÍ wbw`©ó n‡e|
7. wegvi welqe¯Íz Aek¨B wba©vwiZ _vK‡e| GLv‡b AwMœi msÁv wfbœ| AwMœ wegvi †ÿ‡Î AwMœ n‡jv mvaviYfv‡e
ZvB hv w`‡q †Kvb wKQy cywo‡q †djv nq| wKšÍz hv †_‡K †KejgvÎ Av‡jv ev DËvc m„wó nq Zv Av¸b bq|
eRªcvZ ev we`y¨r DËvc ev Av‡jv m„wó Ki‡jI Zv AwMœ wegvi †ÿ‡Î Av¸b e‡j wP‡ewPZ n‡e bv| ZvB
eRªcv‡Zi d‡j †Kvb wRwbm cy‡o †M‡j Zv AwMœ wegvi AvIZvfz³ n‡e bv|
AwMœ wegvi ¸iæZ¡
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Ab¨vb¨ wegvi gZ AwMœ wegvi we‡kl f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j Avmyb, G¸‡jv †R‡b wbB|
1. g~jab MVb I wewb‡qvMt wegv †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv AwMœ wegvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ MÖvn‡Ki KvQ †_‡K wcÖwgqvg wn‡m‡e
cÖPyi A_© msMÖn K‡i hv †`‡ki g~jab MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges D³ msM„nxZ A_© jvfRbK Dbœqb cÖK‡í

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 238

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

wewb‡qvM K‡i| hvi d‡j wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq| Gi d‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z GKwU Pv½vfve eRvq _v‡K Ges †`‡ki
cÖe„wׇZ BwZevPK Ae`vb iv‡L|
2. wkí †ÿ‡Î Ae`vbt AwMœ I ˆe`y¨wZK `~NU© bvi gva¨‡g e¨emv‡qi m¤ú` ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq, hv e¨emv‡qi MwZaviv‡K
evavMÖ¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i| AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZ n‡j AwMœ wegv Zvi ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j e¨emv‡qi MwZ
¯^vfvweK _v‡K|
3. mvgvwRK Kj¨vYmvabt AwMœ wegv e¨w³MZ I mgwóMZ SzuwK enb K‡i| AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ n‡j exgvKvix ÿwZMÖ¯Í
e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi ÿwZ jvNe K‡i †`q| Gfv‡e KvD‡K Pig A_©‰bwZK `~`©kv †_‡K iÿv K‡i| G ai‡bi
Kvh© cÖKvivšÍ‡i mgv‡RiB Kj¨vY mvab K‡i| G ai‡bi mvgvwRK Kj¨vY Avevi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Dci
BwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j|
4. Kg©ms¯’vb m„wót wegv e¨emvq jvfRbK nIqvq AwMœ wegv cÖwZôvb w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| d‡j G‡Z bZzb bZzb
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡”Q| d‡j †eKvi mgm¨v mgvav‡b AwMœ wegv Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
5. m‡PZbZv e„w×t AwMœ wegv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv AwMœ wegv MÖnY Kivi mgq AwMœi SzuwK Kgv‡bvi bvbv civgk© I Drmvn
`vb K‡i _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S AwMœ wegvKvixi cÖwZwbwaiv AwMœ wegvK…Z m¤ú` cwi`k©b K‡i| d‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨
AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w× cvq Ges AwMœ SzuwKI K‡g hvq|
6. Ab¨vb¨ wegvi cwic~iKt AwMœ wegvq ÿqÿwZi cwigvY eûgyLx| hvb I gvj Df‡qiB e¨vcK ÿwZ nq| AwMœ
wegv e¨e¯’v Ab¨vb¨ wegvi cwic~iK n‡q e¨w³, mgvR Ges †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK MwZ‡K AviI Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i|
KviY †Kvb wegv e¨e¯’vB GKKfv‡e mvwe©K f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, AwMœ wegv †hgb †`‡ki m¤ú` iÿv K‡i, †Zgwbfv‡e g~jab MVb K‡i I wewb‡qvM e„w× K‡i,
e¨emv evwY‡R¨i PvKv‡K mPj I kw³kvjx K‡i Ges †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Zvrch©c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
Rvbv n‡jv AwMœ wegvi fzwgKv| Gevi Avmyb Gi aib¸‡jv †R‡b wbB|

AwMœ wegvi cÖKvi‡f` t

e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖmv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb bZzb AwMœ wegvi D™¢e NU‡Q| wb‡P G‡`i eY©bv ‡`qv n‡jvt
1. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎt G ai‡bi wegvc‡Îi †ejvq wegvi welqe¯Ízi g~j¨ c~‡e©B wba©viY Kiv _v‡K Ges wegvi
welqe¯Íz ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j wegvKvix wegv MÖnxZv‡K D³ g~‡j¨i mgcwigvY ÿwZc~iY w`‡q _v‡K| c~e© †_‡KB g~j¨
wba©vwiZ _v‡K weavq wegvi `vexi mgq m¤ú‡`i g~‡j¨i cÖgvYcÎ nvwRi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| mvaviYZt
g~j¨evb wRwbmcÎ, ¯^Y©vjsKvi I wkíK‡g©i †ÿ‡Î Giƒc wegvcÎ MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G wegvq GKRb
wegvKvix c~e© †_‡KB ÿwZi cwigvY ev `vexi cwigvY m¤ú‡K© AewnZ _v‡K| G ai‡bi wegvq wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi
mvaviYZ †ewk _v‡K|
2. Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎt Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤úwËi evRvi g~‡j¨i Dci wegvi `vexi cwigvY
wbf©i K‡i| ZvB wegv MÖnY Kivi mgq Valuer w`‡q welqe¯Ízi g~j¨ wba©viY Kiv nq bv| G‡Z c‡i g~j¨
wba©viY Kiv nq weavq ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ cyivcywi fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
3. MocoZv wegvcÎt †KD m¤ú‡`i evRvi g~j¨ †_‡K Kg ev †ewk g~‡j¨ wegv Ki‡j AvbycvwZK nv‡i ÿwZc~iY
Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î welqe¯Ízi wegvK…Z g~j¨ I evRvi g~‡j¨i AbycvZ Abyhvqx ÿwZc~iY wba©viY Kiv nq|
MocoZv wegvc‡Îi `vex wb¤œwjwLZ m~Î Abyhvqx wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
exgv ev exgv c‡Îi g~j¨
AvbycvwZK Ask = `~N©UbvKvjxb welq e¯Ízi g~j¨ Ges

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 239

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

exgv c‡Îi g~j¨ ev exgvK…Z g~j¨

wegv `vex = `yN©UbvKvjxb welq e¯Ízi cÖK…Z g~j¨ × ÿwZ

D`vniY t aiæb, 4,500 UvKv g~‡j¨i GKwU evwo MocoZv wegvi Aax‡b 3,000 UvKvq wegv Kiv n‡jv| NiwU
Av¸‡b ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡jv| G‡Z ÿwZi cwigvY n‡jv 1,600 UvKv| G‡ÿ‡Î wegvMÖnxZv wegvKvixi wbKU †_‡K KZ UvKv
cv‡e?
3‚000
wegv `vex = 4‚500 × 1,800 = 1,200 UvKv|

m¤úwËi wegvK…Z g~j¨ hw` evRvi `‡ii mgvb ev Kg nq Z‡e MocoZv bxwZ Kvh©Ki nq bv|
4. mywbw`©ó wegv cÎt G ai‡bi wegvc‡Î wegvK…Z m¤úwË I m¤ú‡`i g~j¨ mywbw`©ó _v‡K Ges GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi
Rb¨ wegv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G †ÿ‡Î ÿwZi cwigvY hv-B †nvK bv †Kb, wegvKvix wegvK…Z m¤ú‡`i ÿwZ n‡j
ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© wegvMÖnxZv‡K ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb Ki‡e| m¤úwËi g~j¨vq‡bi mgm¨v _v‡K bv,
`yÕ cÿB Av‡M †_‡K ÿwZc~i‡Yi cwigvY Rvb‡Z cv‡i| mvgwMÖK ÿwZ e¨ZxZ KgwZ wegvi Rb¨ G ai‡bi
wegvc‡Î wegvMÖnxZv‡K ÿwZc~iY Kg cvevi ÿwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq bv|
5. fvmgvb wegvcÎt GKB gvwjK wewfbœ ¯’v‡b iwÿZ m¤úwËi Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ wegvcÎ MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K fvmgvb
wegvcÎ ejv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î wegvKvix wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi m¤ú‡`i Avjv`v Avjv`v mvjvgx wnmve K‡i GKwU †gvU
mvjvgxi Mo wbY©q K‡i mvKzj¨ mvjvgx avh© K‡i _v‡K| gRyZ c‡Y¨i n«vm-e„w×i †ÿ‡Î G ai‡bi wegv Kvh©Ki|
wewÿß cY¨ wegv K‡i wegvMÖnxZv myweav jvf K‡i _v‡K| Mo wcÖwgqvg †ei Kiv †ek RwUj| GLv‡b †Kvb †Kvb
we‡kl c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î we‡kl kZ© hy³ Ki‡Z nq|
6. evowZ wegvcÎt gRyZ c‡Y¨ (Inventory)-Gi Dci G ai‡bi wegv Kiv nq| †h mKj Kvievixi gRyZ c‡Y¨i
cwigvY wbw`©ó bv †_‡K n«vm e„w× N‡U, Zv‡`i Rb¨ evowZ wegvcÎ †ek Dc‡hvMx| G‡ÿ‡Î wegvMÖnxZvi †h cwigvY
gRyZ cY¨ Zvi Kv‡Q me©`v _v‡K, Zvi Rb¨ GKwU wegvcÎ Ges Gi AwZwi³ †h cwigvY gRy` nq, Zvi Rb¨ Ab¨
Av‡iKwU wegv cÎ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
7. †NvlYvhy³ wegvcÎt G wegvwUI gRyZ c‡Y¨i Dci Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î wegvMÖnxZvi m‡e©v”P cwigvY gRyZ gv‡ji
g~j¨ a‡i wegv Kiv nq Ges cÖv_wgKfv‡e mvaviYZ 75% wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi mvaviYZt
gv‡m gv‡m gRyZ cwigvY c‡Y¨i g~j¨ †NvlYv w`‡Z nq Ges ermi †k‡l †gvU gRy‡Zi Mo K‡i wcÖwgqvg wba©viY Kiv
nq| hw` wcÖwgqvg c~‡e©i cÖ`Ë wcÖwgqvg †_‡K Kg nq, Z‡e ZZ cwigvY †diZ †`q| Avi wcÖwgqvg †ewk n‡j
AwZwi³ wcÖwgqvg wegvKvix‡K w`‡Z nq| mvaviYZt eo eo Drcv`bKvix I e¨emvqxMY hv‡`i cÖPyi cwigv‡Y gRyZ
gvj _v‡K I Zv cwieZ©bkxj n‡q _v‡K, Zviv G ai‡bi wegv MÖnY K‡i jvfevb n‡q _v‡K|
8. mgb¦q‡hvM¨ wegvcÎt G ai‡bi wegvc‡Î wegvMÖnxZv cÖ_‡g gRyZ c‡Y¨i g~‡j¨i mgvb GKUv mvaviY wegv MÖnY
K‡i Ges c‡i gRyZ gv‡ji cwigvY n«vm-e„w× n‡j Zv wegvi AvIZvq Avbv nq| G ai‡bi wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î wegvK…Z
g~j¨ wegvcÎ MÖn‡Yi mgqKv‡j cÖK…Z gRyZ c‡Y¨i g~‡j¨i mgvb n‡e| G g~‡j¨ A¯’vqx wcÖwgqvg wba©viY Kiv nq Ges
Zv wegvcÎ MÖnY Ki‡jB cwi‡kva Kiv nq| gRyZc‡Y¨i cwigvY n«vm-e„w× n‡j Zv †NvlYv Øviv Rvbv‡Z nq| G
†NvlYv Abyhvqx wegvKvix wegvi wKw¯Í n«vm-e„w× K‡i _v‡K| hZevi gRyZ cY¨ n«vm-e„w× nq, ZZeviB wegvi wKw¯Í
n«vm-e„w× Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges wegv Pyw³i †gqv` †k‡l wcÖwgqvg P~ovšÍ Kiv nq|
9. cybt¯’vcb wegvcÎt G ai‡bi wegvc‡Îi gva¨‡g m¤úwË webó n‡j Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ÿwZc~iY bv w`‡q D³
m¤úwË cybivq cÖwZ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ wegvKvix cÖwZkªæwZe× _v‡K|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 240

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

10. Avbylw½K ÿwZ wegvcÎt AwMœ wegvi mv‡_ Ab¨ GKwU wegvmn wegvcÎ MÖnY Kiv n‡i nv Avbymw½K ÿwZ
wegvcÎ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| AwMœKv‡Ð ÿwZ QvovI D³ m¤ú` ÿwZMÖ¯Í nIqvi Kvi‡Y e¨emv eÜ n‡q _vKvi Rb¨ †h
gybvdv K‡g hvq, †m cwigvY gybvdv nvwbi Rb¨ †h wegv Kiv nq, Zv‡K Avbymw½K ÿwZ wegvcÎ e‡j|

wkÿv_©xi KvR Avcbvi Ávb SvjvB Kivi Rb¨ 4 ai‡bi AwMœ wegv LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
AwMœ wegvi Zvrch© n‡jvt wk‡íi PvKv‡K mPj iv‡L, Avw_©K eywbqv` gReyZ K‡i, mvgvwRK Kj¨vY mvab K‡i, m‡PZbZv
m„wó K‡i Ges Ab¨vb¨ wegvi Rb¨ cwic~iK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AwMœ wegvcÎ ¸‡jv n‡jv-
g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ, Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ, MocoZv wegvcÎ, mywbw`©ó wegvcÎ, fvmgvb wegvcÎ, evowZ wegvcÎ, †NvlYvhy³
wegvcÎ, mgb¦q‡hvM¨ wegvcÎ, mvwe©K wegvcÎ, gybvdv nvwbKi wegv cÎ I evÆvK…Z wegvcÎ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√ √) w`b|

1. AwMœ mswkøó ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿvi wegv †Kvb&wU?
K. AwMœ wegv L. †bŠ wegv
M. g~j¨vwqZ wegv N. Rxeb wegv
2. AwMœ wegvq wegvKvix ÿwZc~iY K‡i ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤úwËi-
K. AwaK L. mgcwigvY
M. Aí N. `vweK…Z g~j¨
3. wegvi welqe¯‘‡Z wegv MÖnxZvi †h ¯^v_© Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. AwMœ wegv ¯^v_© L. cÖZ¨ÿ ¯^v_©
M. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© N. wjwLZ ev g~j¨vwqZ ¯^v_©
4. Pzw³ m¤úv`bKv‡jB wegvK…Z welqe¯‘i g~j¨ wba©viY Ki‡j Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. Ag~j¨vwqZ AwMœ wegv L. g~j¨vwqZ AwMœ wegv
M. fvlgvb wegv N. Mo wegv
5. ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ Abym„Z nq bv †Kvb wegvq?
K. Mo wegv L. g~j¨vwqZ
M. mvwe©K N. fvlgvb
6. Avgv‡`i †`‡k AwMœ wegv cÖPwjZ-
i. KjKviLvbvq
ii. Mv‡g©›U‡m
iii. cwienb e¨emvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 241

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

7. AwMœ wegvi welqe¯‘ nj-

i. ¯’vei, Ae¯’vi m¤úwË
ii. gvby‡li Rxeb
iii. m¤úwËi Avbylw½K LiP
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
8. AwMœ wegvq wbw`©ó ej‡Z eySvq-
i. wbw`©ó m¤úwË I mgq
ii. wbw`©ó SzuwK
iii. wegvK…Z wbw`©ó AsK
wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 242

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

cvV-13.2 AwMœ wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

AwMœ wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœ wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb (Essential Elements of Fire Insurance)

AwMœ wegv GK ai‡bi ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pyw³| AwMœ wegv Pyw³i A‡bK¸‡jv Acwinvh© Dcv`vb Av‡Q hv bv
_vK‡j GwU‡K AwMœ wegv Pyw³ ejv hv‡e bv| wb‡P AwMœ wegvi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi weeiY †`Iqv n‡jvt
cÿ t AwMœ wegvq 2wU cÿ _vK‡e- GKwU wegvMÖnxZv I Ab¨wU wegvKvix| whwb Zvi m¤ú‡`i SzuwK Ac‡ii wbKU
n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib wZwbB wegvMÖnxZv| Avi †h cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡`i SzuwK MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K wegvKvix e‡j|
cÖ¯Íve t mvaviYZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi gyw`ªZ dig c~iY K‡i GKRb wegvMÖnxZv Zvi m¤ú` AwMœ wegv Kivi Rb¨
wjwLZfv‡e wegvKvix‡K cÖ¯Íve K‡i|
cÖ¯Íve g~j¨vqbt wjwLZ cÖ¯Íve cvIqvi ci wegvKvix †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i we‡klÁ valuer Øviv m¤úwËi g~j¨vqb K‡i|
SzuwK MÖnY Kiv hvq wK bv, Ki‡j wK cwigvY wcÖwgqvg avh© Kiv hvq BZ¨vw` wel‡q wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq|
¯^xK…wZ cÖ¯Íve t cÖ¯Íve cÎwU wePvi we‡køl‡Yi ci wegvKvix cÖ¯vÍ e MÖnY K‡i ev eR©b K‡i| hw` †Kvb mgq D‡jøL bv
_v‡K Z‡e ¯^xK…wZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Kvh©Ki nq|
cvi¯úwiK `vq-`vwqZ¡t wegvKvix mvgwqKfv‡e cÖ¯vÍ ewU MÖnY K‡i _vK‡j wegvcÎ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g P~ovšÍfv‡e SzuwK
MÖn‡Yi c~e© ch©šÍ wegvMÖnxZv‡K GKwU FY ¯^xK…wZcÎ cÖ`vb K‡i| wegvcÎ cÖ`v‡bi c~‡e©B hw` wegvK…Z m¤ú‡`i ÿwZ
nq, Z‡e wegv MÖnxZv D³ FY ¯^xK…wZ cÎ cÖ`k©b ev `vwLj K‡i ÿwZc~iY Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wegvcÎ cÖ`vbt wegv Pyw³ P~ovšÍ nIqvi ci wegvKvix wegv MÖnxZv‡K Pyw³ Abyhvqx wewfbœ kZ© I Z_¨vw` D‡jøL K‡i
wegvcÎ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| AwMœ wegvcÎ mvaviYZ GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ n‡q _v‡K|
G¸‡jv‡K AwMœ wegvi mvaviY Dcv`vb e‡j| Gi evB‡i AviI wKQz Dcv`vb Av‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K we‡kl Dcv`vb e‡j |
wb‡P AwMœ wegvi we‡kl Dcv`vb¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jvt
1. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©t wegvi welqe¯Ízi Dci wegvMÖnxZvi †h Avw_©K ¯^v_© RwoZ _v‡K Zv‡K wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© e‡j|
Ab¨vb¨ wegvi b¨vq AwMœ wegvi †ÿ‡ÎI wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© Acwinvh©| †hgb, wegvi welqe¯ÍzwU `„k¨gvb n‡Z n‡e, GUv
Aek¨B wegvi welqe¯Íz n‡Z n‡e Ges wegvi welqe¯ÍzwU ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j wZwb Avw_©Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡eb|
wb‡P wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i weeiY †`Iqv n‡jv :
• m¤ú‡`i gvwj‡Ki m¤ú‡`i Dci wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K| Z‡e KLbI KLbI c~Y© gvwjK ev gvwjK bv n‡qI
wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, †Kvb AvRxeb fvov‡Ui g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©šÍ D³ evwoi Dci wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©
we`¨gvb|
• cÖwZwbwai gvwj‡Ki m¤ú‡`i Dci wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K|
• cvIbv`v‡ii Kv‡Q iwÿZ †`bv`v‡ii †Kvb m¤úwËi Dci wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 243

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

• eÜKx m¤úwËi Dci eÜKMÖnxZvi wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K|

• Mw”QZ m¤ú‡`i Dci Mw”QZMÖnxZvi wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K|
2. P~ovšÍ mwØk¦vm t AwMœ wegvi †ÿ‡ÎI P~ovšÍ wek¦vm GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| Dfqcÿ‡KB Pyw³ MVb †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i Pyw³ †kl nIqv ch©šÍ G wek¦vm iÿv K‡i Pj‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kvb cÿ †Kvb wek¦vm f½ K‡i Z‡e Pyw³ evwZj
n‡q hv‡e| Dfq cÿB Pyw³i welqe¯‘ I Pyw³ msµvšÍ hveZxq Z_¨vw` mwVK I c~Y©fv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡e| Z‡e
wb¤œwjwLZ †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq bv :
• †h Z_¨ SzuwK n«vm K‡i,
• †h mKj Z_¨ ¯^vfvweKfv‡e mK‡ji Rvbvi K_v,
• †h mKj Z_¨ mieivnK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq,
• †h mKj Z_¨ mve©Rbxb; I
• †h mKj Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© Pyw³ Abyhvqx cÖKvk Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
3. ÿwZc~iYt ÿwZc~iY AwMœ wegvi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb| wegvK…Z welqe¯Íz Av¸b Øviv ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j wegvKvix wegv
MÖnxZv‡K ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡i| Z‡e ÿwZc~iY †c‡Z n‡j wb¤œwjwLZ kZ©¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡Z n‡et
• ÿwZMÖ¯Í welqe¯ÍzwU wegvK…Z n‡Z n‡e;
• ÿwZ Aek¨B wegvK…Z KviY Øviv n‡Z n‡e;
• †Kvb ai‡bi Ae‡njv cÖ`k©b Kiv hv‡e bv|
4. ¯’jvwfwl³Zvt wegvMÖnxZv‡K c~Y© ÿwZc~iY †`Iqvi ci hw` Z…Zxq cÿ †_‡K †Kvb ÿwZc~iY cvIqv hvq ev
Av`vq n‡q _v‡K A_ev ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤ú` wewµ K‡i †Kvb UvKv cvIqv hvq, Zvi gvwjK wegvMÖnxZvi ¯’‡j wegvKvix
n‡eb| GB bxwZwU ÿwZc~iY bxwZi cwic~iK|
5. cªZ¨ÿ ev wbKUZg KviYt welqe¯Íz Av¸‡b cy‡o ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j wegvKvix ÿwZc~iY K‡i †`‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK
wbqg| wKšÍz Av¸b jvMvi wcQ‡b A‡bK KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i| GKRb wegvKvix mvaviY me KviY¸‡jvi weiæ‡× wegv
e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib bv| Av¸‡b ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j KviY AbymÜvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡ÿ‡Î Av¸‡b †cvovi †cQ‡b
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e †h KviYwU KvR K‡i †mUvB cÖK…Z KviY|

wkÿv_©xi KvR AwMœ wegvi 4wU we‡kl Dcv`vb LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
AwMœ wegv Pyw³i mvaviY Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jvt `ywU cÿ, cÖ¯Íve cÖ`vb, cÖ¯vÍ e g~j¨vqb, cÖ¯Íve MÖnY, ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb,
cvi¯úwiK `vq `vwqZ¡ Ges cÖwZ`vb| we‡kl Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jvt wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©, P~ovšÍ wek¦vm, ÿwZc~iY,
¯’jvwfwl³Zv, kZ©vewj, cÖZ¨ÿ ev wbKUgZ KviY cÖf…wZ| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv we`¨gvb _vK‡j AwMœ wegv evwZj Pzw³
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 244

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

1. AwMœ wegvq †KvbwU †ewk Riæix †Kvb&wU?
K. FY ¯^xKvi cÎ L. ‡bvwUk
M. wegv`vwi N. PvwiwÎK mb`
2. ˆbwZKZvi welq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kvb& wegvq?
K. AwMœ wegv L. †bŠ wegv
M. Rxeb wegv N. wewea wegv
3. †Kvb&wU AwMœ wegvi AšÍf©y³?
K. ‡NvlYvhy³ wegvcÎ L. wÎ myweavi wegvcÎ
M. ‡hŠ_ wegv N. bvg m¤úbœ wegvcÎ
4. wegvKvix AvBbMZ eva¨ bv n‡jI wegv MÖnxZvi ÿwZ‡Z wKQz A_© w`‡j Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. ‰bwZK cwi‡kva L. evÆv
M. m¤ú„Zx g~j¨ N. Cover value
5. AwMœ wegvi welqe¯‘ nj-
i. ¯’vei, Ae¯’vi m¤úwË
ii. gvby‡li Rxeb
iii. m¤úwËi Avbylw½K LiP
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
6. AwMœ wegv Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv-
i. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©
ii. cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Y ÿwZc~iY
iii. m¤ú~Y© ÿwZc~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZ¯’vcb
wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

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GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-13.3 AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ (Fire Perils)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi KviY KZ cÖKvi n‡Z cv‡i Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi wewfbœ KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ (Fire Perils)
AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi msÁv t
AwMœKv‡Ûi d‡j m¤ú` aŸs‡mi d‡j †h Avw_©K ÿwZ nq Zv‡K AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ ejv nq| GwU wewfbœ Kvi‡Y n‡Z
cv‡i| GwU `yÕai‡bi, h_v- cÖZ¨ÿ KviY I L. c‡ivÿ KviY|
K) cÖZ¨ÿ KviYmg~n t
1. A‡bK mgq AÁZv ev AwfÁZvi Afv‡e Av¸‡bi ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv
m¤¢e nq bv| †Kvb cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’vI †bIqv nq bv| d‡j AwZ mn‡R AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ mvab n‡q _v‡K, Avi
e¨vcKZvI nq AwaK cwigv‡Y|
2. Ae‡njv I AeÁvt Ae‡njv I AeÁvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i A‡bK AwMœ ÿwZmvab n‡q _v‡K| †hgbt †hLv‡b
†mLv‡b `vn¨ wRwbm †d‡j ivLv, wec`RbK RvqMvq a~gcvb, `iRv-Rvbvjv eÜ ivLv, ÎæwUc~Y© msiÿY BZ¨vw`|
3. ÎæwUc~Y© kw³ e¨e¯’vt †h mKj KviLvbv M¨vm, Kqjv ev we`y¨r-Gi mvnv‡h¨ cwiPvwjZ nq, †mLv‡b AwMœKvÛ
†ewk nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k †cvlvK KviLvbvq cÖvqB ˆe`y¨wZK †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Av¸b a‡i Rvbgv‡ji ÿwZ
n‡q _v‡K|
4. wec`RbK cÖwµqvt A‡bK KjKviLvbv wec`RbK I SzuwKc~Y© n‡q _v‡K| G ai‡bi Drcv`b cÖwµqvq
AwMœKv‡Ûi gva¨‡g ÿwZi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|
5. AmZK©Zvt AÁZvi †P‡qI AmZK©Zv AwMœKv‡Ûi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ewk `vqx| KviY †R‡bï‡b KviLvbvi
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b `vn¨ c`v_© †d‡j ivLv nq| Avevi B”QvK…Zfv‡e Avgiv mZK©Zv ev wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pwj bv,
hvi d‡j A‡bK AwMœKv‡Ûi m„wó nq|
6. AwMœ wbe©vcK e¨e¯’vi Afvet Avgv‡`i †`‡ki A‡bK cÖwZôv‡bB AwMœ wbe©vcK hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq bv| SzuwKi
K_v Rvbv m‡Z¡I AwMœ wbe©vcK hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nqbv weavq AwMœKvÛ msNwUZ n‡j ZvrÿwYKfv‡e e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡Z bv cvivq e¨vcK AwMœÿwZ n‡q _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv¸‡jvi AwMœ
wbe©vcK e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK Pvc i‡q‡Q|
7. kÎæ KZ©„K AwMœms‡hvM t A‡bK mgq kÎæZvekZ B”QvK…Zfv‡e m¤ú` ev wkí KviLvbvq AwMœ ms‡hvM NUvb
nq| GRb¨ A‡Pbv †jvK‡`i hvZvqvZ eÜ Kivi cvkvcvwk wek¦¯Í †jvK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|
L) c‡ivÿ KviYmg~n t AwMœKv‡Ûi c‡ivÿ KviY¸‡jv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e AwMœKvÛ NUvq bv e‡U, Z‡e AwMœÿwZi
e¨vcKZv m„wó‡Z mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| wb‡P AwMœÿwZi c‡ivÿ KviY¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t
1. ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY KvVv‡gv t cÖwZôv‡bi ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY KvVv‡gv AwMœ SzuwK evovq I Gi e¨vcKZv e„w× cvq| c‡Y¨i
cÖK…wZ I Drcv`b cÖwµqvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Dchy³ DcKiY Øviv KviLvbv-M„n wbg©vY bv Ki‡j SzuwK e„w× cvq|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 246

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

2. wcVvwcwV Ae¯’vb t cÖwZôv‡bi `vjvb¸‡jv hw` Lye KvQvKvwQ Aew¯’Z nq Z‡e AwMœKvÐ NU‡j mn‡RB Qwo‡q
co‡Z cv‡i| d‡j AwMœÿwZ e¨vcK nq| ZvB `vjvb¸‡jv wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ wbwg©Z nIqv DwPr|
3. cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ t cÖwZôvb wK Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq Zvi DciI AwMœÿwZi e¨vcKZv wbf©i K‡i| mvavibZt evwo
†_‡K wkí KviLvbvq AwMœÿwZ †ewk n‡q _v‡K| cyiv‡bv XvKvq G ai‡bi AwMœKvÐ †ewk nq|
4. `vn¨ c`v_© ¸`vgRvZKiY t `vn¨e¯Íz ¸`vgRvZ Kiv _vK‡j †h‡Kvb mgq Av¸b jvM‡Z cv‡i|
5. m¤ú‡`i B”QvK…Z aŸsm t A‡bK mgq B”QvK…Zfv‡e bó m¤úwË aŸsm Kivi mgq AwMœKvÐ NU‡Z cv‡i|
6. feb aŸ‡m cov t A‡bK mgq cyivb `vjvb †KvVv ev ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y nVvr `vjvb aŸ‡m c‡o
AwMœKvÛ NUv‡Z cv‡i I Zv e¨vcK AvKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i|
GQvovI AwMœ we¯Ívi, KjKviLvbv ev hš¿cvwZ bó nIqv, Zvc D`&wMiY BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

mvims‡ÿc:
AwMœKv‡Ði d‡j †h ÿwZ Zv cÖavbZt `ywU Kvi‡Y n‡q _v‡K| h_v K) cÖZ¨ÿ KviY I L) c‡ivÿ KviY| cÖZ¨ÿ
KviY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kvh©Ki cwiKíbvi Afve, Ae‡njv I AeÁv, ÎæwUc~Y© ZvcI we`y¨r e¨e¯’v, wec`RbK cÖwµqv,
ÎæwUc~Y© hš¿web¨vm, AmZK©Zv, AwMœwbe©vcK e¨e¯’vi Afve, kÎæ KZ©„K AwMœ-ms‡hvM cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
cÿvšÍ‡i, AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi c‡ivÿ KviY¸‡jv n‡jvt ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY KvVv‡gv, wcVvwcwV Ae¯’vb, cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ,
dvUj, `vn¨ e¯Íz ¸`vgRvZKiY, m¤úwËi B”QvK…Z aŸsm mvab, jy°vwqZ Aew¯’wZ I `vjvb †KvVv aŸ‡m cov
cÖf…wZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

1. ¸`v‡g iwÿZ c‡Y¨i Mo A‡cÿv AwZwi³ c‡Y¨i Rb¨ †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. ‡NvlYv wegv L. gybvdv wegv
M. QvDbx N. AwZwi³ wegv
2 AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j wegv MÖnxZvi KiYxq n‡jv-
i. wegvKvix‡K †bvwUk cÖ`vb
ii. ÿwZi Z`‡šÍi e¨e¯’v
iii. ÿwZi weeiYxmn `vwe †ck
wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

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cvV-13.4 ÿwZc~iY `vwe I gxgvsmv c×wZ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

ÿwZc~iY `vwe eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gxgvsmv c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ÿwZc~iY `vwe
A‡bK mgq wegvM«nxZv Rv‡bb bv wegvK…Z †Kv¤úvwbi `vwe cwi‡kv‡ai mÿgZv ev M«vnK †mevi gvb
†Kgb| Gme bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y AwMœKv‡Ð ÿwZM«¯Í n‡j AwaKvsk M«vnK‡K nqivwbi g‡a¨ co‡Z nq| Gevi Avmyb
ÿwZc~iY `vex m¤ú‡K© †R‡b wbB|
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv mvaviYZ AwMœ wegv `vwewU mwVK wKbv Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z RwicKvix wb‡qvM K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AwMœKv‡Ð
ÿqÿwZi c«gvY Ki‡Z M«vnK‡K m‡PZb _vK‡Z nq| †Kbbv `vwewU wb®úwË Kivi Rb¨ wegv †Kv¤úvwb bvbvb †KŠkj
Aej¤^b K‡i| mwVKfv‡e `vwe DÌvcb I Zv Av`vq c×wZ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
AwMœ wegv †_‡K myweav †c‡Z c«‡Z¨K M«vnK‡K AwMœ wegv cwjwm Kivi mgq †_‡KB m‡PZb _vKv DwPZ| G‡ÿ‡Î
c«_‡gB †h welqwU †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ Zv n‡jv, wegv Pyw³‡Z c«‡qvRbxq me welq Av‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
†m¸‡jv Aek¨B †`‡L-ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb, Zvi wK ai‡Yi Kfv‡iR Av‡Q, wK wK welq Kfv‡i‡Ri AšÍfy³
© Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ges wK AšÍf©y³ Kiv nqwb|
AwMœKv‡Ð ÿwZM«¯Í n‡j `vwe DÌvc‡bi kZ©¸‡jv wK, KZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ `vwe DÌvcb Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` welq ey‡S
†bqvi ci Zv‡K wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e, cwjwmi wc«wgqv‡gi UvKv mwVKfv‡e †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Rgv n‡jv wK bv| G‡ÿ‡Î
cwjwm Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³i nv‡Z wc«wgqv‡gi UvKv bv w`‡q e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g wc«wgqvg Rgv Kiv DwPZ|
wegv †Kv¤úvwbi A¨vWRv÷vi ev mgš^qKvixi m‡½ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wel‡q †iKW© ivLyb| Gme †iK‡W©i c…_K dvBj
Kiæb| hLb †Kvb Z_¨ ev bw_ A¨vWRv÷v‡ii Kv‡Q Rgv †`‡eb ZLb mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiæb| c«wZwU bw_i Abywjwc
msM«n Kiæb|
wegvPyw³ P~ovšÍ wek¦v‡mi Pyw³| ZvB Pyw³fz³ `ywU c‡ÿi †h †KD hw` wg_¨vi Avkªq †bq Z‡e Pyw³ evwZj‡hvM¨|
wegvc‡Î †h mKj Z_¨ PvIqv nq Zvi g‡a¨ wegvK…Z m¤úwË c~‡e© wegv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv, wegv MÖnxZvi KLbI
†jvKmvb n‡q‡Q wKbv, †Kvb wegv †Kv¤úvwb D³ m¤úwË wegv Ki‡Z ev bevqb Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q wKbv BZ¨vw`
cÖ‡kœi mwVK DËi bv w`‡j ev wg_¨v eY©bvi Avkªq wb‡j P~ovšÍ wek¦vm f½ nq Ges wegv evwZj‡hvM¨ nq| d‡j
wegvKvix wegv `vex A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZmvab n‡j †h wbq‡g `vex DÌvcb Ki‡Z nq Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡jvt
(K) ÿwZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wegvMÖnxZv wegvKvix‡K wej¤^ bv K‡i weÁwßi gva¨‡g welqwU Rvbv‡e;
(L) ÿwZ msNwUZ nevi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ÿqÿwZi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY wjwLZfv‡e wegvKvix‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e| †m‡ÿ‡Î
LiP wegvMÖnxZv enb Ki‡e|
(M) wegvKvix PvB‡j wegvMÖnxZv‡K `vexi ¯^c‡ÿ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖgvY I Z_¨vw`mn GKwU mswewae× †NvlYv †ck
Ki‡Z n‡e|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 248

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

(N) wegvKvix ev Zvi cÖwZwbwa ÿwZMÖ¯Í ev aŸskcÖvß m¤ú‡`i `Lj wb‡Z cvi‡e ev †hLv‡b `yNU© bv N‡U‡Q †mLv‡b
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e;
(O) wegvKvix wegvK…Z m¤úwËi `Lj wb‡Z cvi‡e Ges m¤úwËi n¯ÍvšÍi MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e;
(P) wegvKvix hyw³m½Z mg‡qi Rb¨ aŸsmcÖvß ev ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤ú‡`i `Lj eRvq ivL‡Z Ges e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
wegvKvix ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤ú‡`i fwel¨r ÿwZ Kgv‡Z Zvi AwaKvi msiÿY I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AviI D‡jøL¨
†h, wegv MÖnxZv G ai‡bi Kv‡R evav `vb Ki‡j wegvKvix wegvMÖnxZvi AwaKvi ev‡Rqvß Ki‡Z cv‡i|
A‡bK mgq GKB m¤úwË GKvwaK wegvKvixi wbKU wegv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †m‡ÿ‡Î ÿwZ n‡j mKj wegvKvix‡K
AbycvwZK nv‡i ÿwZ cÖ`v‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Z nq| GKvwaK wegvKvixi mv‡_ wegv Kiv n‡j mnwegvKvixMY ÿwZi
Ask AvbycvwZK nv‡i c~iY K‡i w`‡e| wegvK…Z m¤úwËi †gvU wegvK…Z A‡_©i mv‡_ me K'wU wegvc‡Îi wegvK…Z
A‡_©i †h AbycvZ nq me ÿwZ‡K †m Abycv‡Z fvM Ki‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wegvKvixi ÿwZi Ask †ei n‡q hvq| wb‡¤œ ewY©Z
m~Î Abymv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv nqt
exgvc‡Îi As‡ki cwigvY
mnwegvKvixi ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Ask = ÿwZ × mKj exgvc‡Îi †gvU A‡_©i cwigvY †hgb- g‡b Kiæb, Rbve kwid
Zvi evwo I AvmevecÎ ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU 60,000 UvKvi wegv K‡i Ges ÒLÓ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU ïay evwo
30,000 UvKv wegv K‡i| AwMœKv‡Ûi d‡j Rbve kwi‡di 40,000 UvKv cwigvY evwo ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq Ges 10,000
UvKv cwigvY AvmevecÎ ÿwZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î evwoi ÿwZc~iY wb¤œiƒc ewÈZ n‡e-
60‚000
evwoi Rb¨ ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi Ask MÖnY n‡e = 40,000× = 26,666.67 UvKv
90‚000
30‚000
evwoi Rb¨ ÒLÓ †Kv¤úvwbi Ask MÖnY n‡e = 40,000 × = 13,333.33 UvKv
90‚000
Avi Avmevec‡Îi Rb¨ ïay ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwb w`‡e 10,000 UvKv
d‡j ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi `vq cÖ‡`q 26,666.67 + 10,000= 36,666.67 UvKv
Ges ÓLÓ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖ‡`q 13333.33 UvKv|
cÿvšÍ‡i Avmevec‡Îi ÿwZc~iY cÖ_g aiv n‡j ÿwZc~i‡Yi AskMÖnY n‡e wb¤œiƒcÑ
Avmeve c‡Îi Rb¨ ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖ‡`q 10000 UvKv
GLb ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi Aewkó _vKj 60,000Ñ10,000
=50,000 UvKv
50‚000
evwoi Rb¨ ÒKÓ †Kv¤úvwbi †`q 40,000× 80‚000 = 25,000 UvKv

30‚000
evwoi Rb¨ ÒLÓ †Kv¤úvwbi †`q 40,000× 80‚000 Ñ 15,000 UvKv|

Zvn‡j,
evwoi Rb¨ ÔK' †Kv¤úvwbi w`‡Z nq †gvU 1,0000+25,0000=35,000/-
Ges ÔL' †Kv¤úvwb‡K w`‡Z nq †gvU = 15,000 UvKv|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 249

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

wkÿv_©xi KvR

mvims‡ÿc:
GKwU Av`k© AwMœ wegvc‡Î †h mKj e¨³ kZ© I kãvewj _v‡K ev e¨eüZ nq Zv n‡jv wg_¨v eY©bvhy³ i`e`j, eR©bmg~n,
wegv`vex, cÖZviYv, cybt¯’vcb, AwMœKv‡Ûi ci wegvKvixi AwaKvi, AskMÖnY e›UbMo, ¯’jvwfwl³Zv, wegvK…Z m¤úwË
msµvšÍ `wjwj kZ©vewj, mvwjwm, †µZvi ¯^v_© aviv, ÿwZc~iY cÖwµqv cÖf…wZ| Avi Ae¨³ Dn¨ kZ©vejx n‡jv, m¤úwËi
we`¨gvbZv, wegvK…Z m¤úwË, wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©, P~ovšÍ wek¦vm, mbv³Zv cÖf…wZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.4

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK& (√ √) wPý w`b|

1. AwMœ wegvq AwMœKv‡Ûi ci wegv MÖnxZvi 1g c`‡ÿc
K. Z`šÍ L. cywjk‡K Rvbv‡bv
M. ‡bvwUk N. `vwe †ck
2. wegvKvix `vwe cwi‡kv‡ai c`‡ÿc †bq †Kvb&wUi Dci wfwË K‡i?
K. Z`šÍ wi‡cvU© L. `vex †ck K‡i
M. wcÖwgqvg cÎ N. Iqv‡iw›U
3. wbw`©ó wegvc‡Î ÿwZc~iY †`Iqv nq-
K. evRvig~‡j¨ L. AvswkKfv‡e
M. ÿwZi m¤ú~Y© N. wegvK…Z AsK
4. AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZi n‡j wegvMÖnxZvi KiYxq n‡jv-
i. wegvKvix‡K †bvwUk cÖ`vb
ii. ÿwZi Z`‡šÍi e¨e¯’v
iii. ÿwZi weeiYxmn `vwe †ck
wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
mswÿß cÖkœ
1. AwMœ wegvi msÁv I ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
2. AwMœ wegvi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. AwMœ wegvi e¨³ ev Acwinvh© Dcv`vb¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
4. †Kvb welq e¯Ízi Dci †Kvb& †Kvb& e¨w³ e‡M©i wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K?
5. AwMœ wegvi Ae¨³ / Acwinvh© Dcv`vb¸‡jvi eY©bv w`b|
6. wewfbœ cÖKvi AwMœ wegvi ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv w`b|
7. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb? wewfbœ cÖKvi AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi eY©bv w`b|
8. GKwU Av`k© AwMœ wegv c‡Îi kZ© I e¨eüZ k㸇jvi eY©bv w`b|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 250

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
1. wgbnvh GKwU eB‡qi †`vKvb w`‡q Gi wegv K‡ib| †`vKvbwU‡Z me gvjcÎ Ges mvgMÖxi we‡ePbvq AvbygvwbK
GKwU g~j¨ wba©vwiZ nq 3 jÿ UvKv| K‡qK eQi ci nVvr GKw`b B‡jKwUªK jvBb †_‡K Av¸b a‡i †`vKv‡bi
m¤ú~Y© gvjcÎ bó n‡q hvq| †mŠfvM¨ekZ H gyn~‡Z© †`vKv‡b A‡bK Kg gvjvgvj _vKvq wgbnvh gvÎ 1 jÿ 20
nvRvi UvKv †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb nb| wKš‘ ÿwZc~iY `vwe Ki‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K 3 jÿ UvKvB cÖ`vb
K‡ib|
K. evsjv‡`‡k KZ mv‡j mKj wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡K RvZxqKiY Kiv nq?
L. evm¯’vb wegvKvix‡`i wbKU AwMœ wegvi Zvrch© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v w`b|
M. DÏxc‡K wgbnvh †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. wegv †Kv¤úvwb wgbnvh‡K †Kb m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡jv? we‡kølY Kiæb|
2. cv‡fj Mv‡g©›Um memgq mywZ Kvco Drcv`b K‡i| wKš‘ AW©v‡ii wfwˇZ cÖwZ gv‡mB Zviv wewfbœ g~‡j¨i
Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘mvgMÖxI Drcv`b K‡i| Kv‡RB mew`K we‡ePbv K‡i Mv‡g©›UmwU Dfq ai‡bi c‡Y¨i Rb¨ wegvcÎ
MÖnY Ki‡jv| G‡ÿ‡Î memgq Drcvw`Z _vb Kvc‡oi Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY wegvcÎ Ges AwZwi³ c‡Y¨i Rb¨
GKwU c„_K wegvcÎ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
K. wegv `vwe wba©vi‡Yi m~ÎwU Kx?
L. wkívq‡b AwMœ wegvi Zvrch© wjLyb|
M. DÏxc‡K cv‡fj Mv‡g©›Um †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Q? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Mv‡g©›UmwUi D³ wegvcÎ MÖnY Kx h_v_© n‡q‡Q? gZvgZ w`b|
3. Avkivd mv‡ne Zvi Km‡gwUK‡mi †`vKv‡bi Rb¨ ÔcÖZ¨vkv BÝy‡iÝ wj.Gi GKwU wegvcÎ MÖnY Ki‡jb| 4 eQi
ci GKwU AwMœKv‡Û †`vKv‡bi 60 kZvsk cY¨ webó n‡jv| wZwb ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e 2 jÿ UvKv †c‡jb| wKš‘
Zvi †`vKv‡bi AÿZ 40 kZvsk cY¨ cÖZ¨vkv BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb D×vi K‡i wb‡q †Mj| D³ m¤ú‡` Avkivd
mv‡n‡ei †Kv‡bv cÖKvi AwaKvi wQj bv|
K. AwMœSuywK KZ cÖKvi?
L. AwMœ wegvq wegvb‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© Kx Acwinvh©? e¨vL¨v w`b|
M. Avkivd mv‡ne cÖZ¨vkv BÝy‡iÝ wjwg‡U‡Wi †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Avkivd mv‡ne †Kb AÿZ m¤ú‡` †Kv‡bv `vwe ivL‡Z cvi‡eb bv? g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
4. †mvgv Mv‡g©›U‡mi gvwjK wUcy| Mv‡g©›UmwUi e¨e¯’vcK wg. kixd| Mv‡g©›UmwU AwMœ wegv Kivi Rb¨ kixd
AiweU-BÝy‡iÝ wjwg‡U‡Wi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib Ges wbR bv‡g AwMœ wegvcÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z Pvb| wegv
†Kv¤úvwbwU wg. kix‡di mv‡_ wegv Pzw³ bv K‡i †mvgv Mv‡g©‡›U‡mi mv‡_ wegv Pzw³ Ki‡jv| wKQzw`b ci
Mv‡g©›U‡m Av¸b †j‡M 50,000 UvKvi Kvco bó n‡q †Mj|
K. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© Kx?
L. AwMœ wegvi cwieZ©b aviv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. AiweU BÝy‡iÝ wjwg‡UW wg. kix‡di mv‡_ wegv Pzw&³ bv Kivi KviY Kx? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. †mvgv Mv‡g©›Um ÿwZcyiY `vwe †ck Ki‡j Kx ÿwZc~iY cv‡e? gZvgZ w`b|
5. wmwÏK mv‡ne Zvi eÜzi civg‡k© evmvi wbivcËvi Rb¨ GKwU AwMœ wegv Ki‡eb e‡j gbw¯’i Ki‡jb| GKwU
wegv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wegv MÖn‡Yi me AvbyôvwbKZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K
Rvbv‡jv dig c~iY Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwµqvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K PvwiwÎK mb`cÎI cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| wmwÏK mv‡ne
Avðh© n‡q Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K my›`ifv‡e eywS‡q ej‡jb, †Kb
PvwiwÎK mb` cÎ wegv msMÖ‡ni GKwU Acwinvh© Ask|

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 251

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

K. AwMœ wegv KLb cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc jvf K‡i?

L. AwMœ wegv ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pyw³Ñ eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwbi PvwiwÎK mb`cÎ msMÖ‡ni KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. Giƒc mb` D³ wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡K †Kv‡bv wbivcËv w`‡e e‡j Kx Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? gZvgZ w`b|
6. Rvwn‡`i GKwU Kvc‡oi wgj Av‡Q| e¨emv‡qi DbœwZi d‡j wnsmvi ek©eZx© n‡q wKQz `ye„©Ë Zvi wgjwU‡Z
AwMœms‡hv‡Mi †Póv Kij| Gici e¨_© n‡q Zviv Rvwn`‡K bvbvfv‡e ûgwK w`‡j wZwb GKwU AwMœ wegvi Rb¨
eÜz cÖZ¨‡qi Kv‡Q civgk© PvB‡jb|
K. AwMœ wegv Kx?
L. AwMœ wegv KLb Kvh©Ki nq?
M. DÏxc‡K Rvwn` †Kvb& ai‡bi AwMœSzuwKi m¤§yLxb nIqvi Avk¼v Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v w`b|
N. D³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rvwn‡`i Kxiƒc c`‡ÿc †bqv DwPZ e‡j Avcbvi g‡b nq?
7. m¤ú‡`i wbivcËvi K_v †f‡e dwi` mv‡ne GKwU wegv MÖnY Ki‡jb| wegvcÎwUi g‡a¨ Zvi GKwU †`vKvb,
wZbwU †`vKvb Ges GKwU d¬¨v‡Ui wegv Kiv nq| Avjv`vfv‡e bv K‡i GKwU wegvi gva¨‡gB wZwb Zvi mKj
g~j¨evb m¤ú` iÿv Kiv‡K †ewk hyw³m½Z g‡b K‡ib|
K. ÿwZc~iY Pzw³i cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
L. AwMœ wegv Pzw³ KLb Kvh©Ki nq? e¨vL¨v w`b|
M. DÏxc‡K dwi` mv‡ne †Kvb& ai‡bi wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. dwi` mv‡n‡ei D³ wegv MÖn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv wbiƒcY Kiæb|
8. cyiv‡bv XvKvq Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei `yBwU †KwgK¨v‡ji KviLvbv Av‡Q| wZwb Avkv BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb‡Z GKwU AwMœ
wegv Ki‡jb| K‡qK gvm ci fqven AwMœKv‡Ð Zvi 1wU KviLvbv e¨vcKfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡jv| wZwb Avkv
BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q ÿwZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ `vwe †ck Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡jb|
K. †NvlYvhy³ wegvcÎ Kx?
L. AwMœKv‡Ði cÖvK…wZK SzuwK¸‡jv Kx Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj mv‡ne‡K ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. D³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi KiYxq Kx? we‡kølY Kiæb|
9. Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki KviLvbv AwMœms‡hvM ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j wZwb wegvKvix cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU ÿwZc~iY
`vwe Ki‡jb| Av‡M †_‡K gyj¨ wba©vwiZ bv _vKvq Rvgvb mv‡ne‡K Zvi ÿwZMÖ¯Í gvjvgv‡ji eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨
Abyhvqx wegv †Kv¤úvwb A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î Rvgvb mv‡ne A_©cvÖ wßi c~‡e© m¤úwËi `wjjcÎ `vwLj
Ki‡Z eva¨ wQ‡jb|
K. AwMœ wegvi cÿ KqwU?
L. RvZxq m¤ú` iÿvq AwMœ wegvi fywgKv wjLyb|
M. DÏxc‡K Rvgvb mv‡ne †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei D³ wegvcÎ MÖn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.1 : 1.K 2.L 3.M 4.L 5.L 6.K 7.L 8.N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.2 : 1.N 2.K 3.K 5.K 6.N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.3 : 1.N 2.L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-13.4 : 1.N 2.K 3.N 4.L

BDwbU 13 c„ôv 252