Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia: Biology
Peperiksaan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia: Biology
PEPERIKSAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)
BIOLOGY
Syllabus and Specimen Papers
This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.
NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY
This revised Biology syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since
the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination
will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by
the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new
system, the form six study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an examination
at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system. The main
objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and learning
orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in colleges and
universities.
The revision of the Biology syllabus incorporates current developments in biology studies to be more
relevant to the current global developments. Biology is a science that deals with the study of living
organisms. It is dynamic and affects every aspect of our daily lives, from food and health, to the
responsibilities towards our environment. The cumulative discoveries and developments in biology
have tremendously enhanced our understanding and perception towards both the unity and diversity of
life. With this understanding, we have become more aware of our interdependence with our rich
biodiversity and natural resources. The application of biology together with modern technologies
leads to the evolution of biotechnology. Furthermore, the assessment tools of this syllabus consist of
written papers and coursework. The written papers evaluate candidates’ knowledge and understanding
of the subject, while the coursework provides an opportunity for candidates to trigger their inquisitive
biological reasoning. This also enhances their understanding and application of biological sciences
and develops the candidates’ soft skills.
The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade
description and specimen papers.
The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Emeritus Dato’ Dr.
Latiff bin Mohamad from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Other committee members consist of
university lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of
Education Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Biology. On behalf of MEC,
I would like to thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that
this syllabus will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.
Chief Executive
Malaysian Examinations Council
CONTENTS
Page
Aims 1
Objectives 1
Content
Scheme of Assessment 24 – 25
Performance Descriptions 26
Reference Books 27
Specimen Paper 1 29 – 49
Specimen Paper 2 51 – 75
Specimen Paper 3 77 – 99
Aims
This syllabus is designed to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of biology and
biological issues, to prepare and equip the candidates for their tertiary education, to pursue careers in
related fields and to promote continuous awareness of the importance of biology in life.
Objectives
1
FIRST TERM: BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND METABOLISM
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
1 Biological Molecules 24
2
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
3
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
4
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
4 Enzymes 20
5
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
5 Cellular Respiration 12
6
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
6 Photosynthesis 16
7
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
8
SECONDTERM: PHYSIOLOGY
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
7 Gas Exchange 12
9
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
10
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
10 Reproduction, 13
Development and Growth
11
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
11 Homeostasis 10
12
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
12 Immunity 10
13
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
13 Infectious Diseases 13
14
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
15
THIRD TERM: ECOLOGY AND GENETICS
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
14 Taxonomy and 14
Biodiversity
16
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
15 Ecology 22
17
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
18
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
19
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
20
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
18 Gene Technology 8
19 Biotechnology 8
21
The Practical Syllabus
School-based Assessment of Practical
School-based assessment of practical work will be carried out throughout the form six school terms
for candidates from government schools and private schools which are approved by the MEC to carry
out the school-based assessment of practical work.
MEC will determine 15 compulsory experiments to be carried out by the candidates and to be
assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. Details of the title, objective, learning
outcome, introduction, material, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments will be specified
in the Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Practical Biology which can be downloaded from MEC’s
Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teacher during the first term of form six.
Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment
so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school
double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical
sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessment
guidelines prepared by MEC.
A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent
STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made
during the registration of the examination.
22
Written Practical Test
The main objective of written practical test is to assess the candidates’ understanding of practical
procedures in the laboratory.
Three structured questions related to practical work will be set. MEC will not be strictly bound by
the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates will be given sufficient information to
enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory within the syllabus and knowledge of
usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.
23
Scheme of Assessment
24
Term of Paper Code Mark
Theme/Title Type of Test Duration Administration
Study and Name (Weighting)
Third 964/3 Ecology and Written test 60
Term Biology Genetics (26.67%)
Paper 3
Section A 15
15 compulsory
multiple-choice
questions to be
answered.
Section B 15
2 compulsory short Central
1½ hours
structured questions to assessment
be answered.
Section C 30
2 out of 3 essay
questions to be
answered.
All questions are
based on topics 14 to
19.
25
Performance Descriptions
26
Reference Books
Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other
reference books such as those listed below.
1. Alters, S. and Alters, B., 2006. Biology: Understanding Life. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
2. Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G. and Byers, B.E., 2001. Biology: Life on Earth. 6th edition. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
4. Campbell, N.A. and Reece, N.A., 2005. Biology. 7th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin/
Cummings.
5. Clegg, C.J. and Mackean, D.G., 2000. Advanced Biology: Principles and Applications.
2nd edition. London: John Murray.
7. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R. and Spencer, C.A., 2005. Concepts of Genetics. 8th edition. New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
8. Klug, W.S. and Cummings, M.R., 2005. Essentials of Genetics. 5th edition. New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
10. Raven, P.H., et. al. 2005. Biology. 7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
11. Russel, P.J., et. al. 2008. Biology: The Dynamics Science. 1st edition. Belmont: Thompson
Brooks/Cole.
12. Smith, R.L. and Smith, T.M., 2003. Elements of Ecology. 5th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin
Cummings.
13. Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R. and Martin, D.W., 2005. Biology. 7th edition. Belmont: Thompson
Brooks/Cole.
14. Taylor, D.J., Green, N.P.O. and Stout, G.W., 2003. Biological Science 1: Organisms, Energy
and Environment. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Taylor, D.J., Green, N.P.O. and Stout, G.W., 2003. Biological Science 2: Systems, Maintenance
and Change. 3rd editon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Toole, G. and Toole, S., 1999. Understanding Biology for Advanced Level. 4th edition. United
Kingdom: Nelson Thornes.
27
28
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/1 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
For examiner’s use
Please tear off along the perforated line.
29
BLANK PAGE
964/1
30
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/1
31
Section A [15 marks]
4 Which amino acid is the first to be carried by tRNA to ribosome during translation?
A Leucine
B Tyrosine
C Tryptophan
D Methionine
964/1
32
Bahagian A [15 markah]
4 Asid amino yang manakah yang pertama dibawa oleh tRNA ke ribosom semasa translasi?
A Leusina
B Tirosina
C Triptofan
D Metionina
964/1
33
6 Which statement is not true of xylem?
A Xylem cells contain pits.
B Matured xylem cells are dead cells.
C Companion cells provide nutrients to the xylem.
D Xylem consists of vessel elements and tracheids.
7 The table below shows the components of a cell membrane and their functions.
Component of a cell
Functions
membrane
I Oligosaccharide p Acts as a receptor to a certain molecule such as hormone
II Lecithin q As an indicator so that the cells can recognise each other
III Protein r Gives the semi-permeable and selective characteristics to
the membrane
IV Cholesterol s Maintains the fluid characteristics of the membrane
964/1
34
6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang xilem?
A Sel xilem mengandungi pit.
B Sel xilem yang matang ialah sel mati.
C Sel rakan membekalkan nutrien kepada xilem.
D Xilem terdiri daripada unsur salur dan trakeid.
Komponen
Fungsi
membran sel
I Oligosakarida p Bertindak sebagai reseptor kepada molekul tertentu seperti
hormon
II Lesitin q Sebagai penanda supaya sel boleh mengecam antara satu
sama lain
III Protein r Memberi sifat separa telap dan sifat memilih pada membran
IV Kolesterol s Mengekalkan ciri bendalir bagi membran
Yang manakah yang betul bagi komponen membran sel di atas dan fungsi masing-masing?
I II III IV
A p q r s
B q r p s
C r p s q
D s r q p
964/1
35
9 Which graph shows the possible changes in the rate of a reaction catalysed by an enzyme in the
presence of a competitive inhibitor?
With Without
inhibitor inhibitor
1/[S] 1/[S]
A B
1/[S] 1/[S]
C D
11 What is the fate of all carbons from a glucose molecule after it is completely oxidised?
A Pyruvate
B Carbohydrate
C Carbon dioxide
D Acetyl coenzyme A
964/1
36
9 Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan kemungkinan perubahan kadar tindak balas yang
dimangkinkan oleh enzim dalam kehadiran perencat persaingan?
1/[S] 1/[S]
A B
1/[S] 1/[S]
C D
11 Apakah yang terjadi kepada semua karbon dari molekul glukosa selepas dioksidakan dengan
lengkap?
A Piruvat
B Karbohidrat
C Karbon dioksida
D Asetil koenzim A
964/1
37
13 In cyclic photophosphorylation, the excited electron which returns to its ground state will emit
A light
B microwave
C gamma ray
D ultraviolet radiation
15 The diagram below shows non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction of
photosynthesis.
964/1
38
13 Dalam pemfotofostorilan berkitar, elektron teruja yang kembali ke keadaan asas akan
membebaskan
A cahaya
B gelombang mikro
C sinar gamma
D sinaran ultra lembayung
14 Penyataan yang manakah yang memerihalkan ciri sel berkas tumbuhan C4?
A Mempunyai grana yang kecil.
B Mengandungi beberapa granul kanji.
C Aktiviti fotosistem I adalah tinggi.
D Karbon dioksida diasimilasi oleh PEP karboksilase.
15 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan bukan kitar semasa tindak balas cahaya
fotosintesis.
Penerima Penerima
pertama pertama
Kompleks
sitokrom NADP+
reduktase
Cahaya Cahaya
964/1
39
BLANK PAGE
964/1
40
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
964/1
41
HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 A quantity of cells taken from a type of tissue were homogenised and their organelles were
separated by ultracentrifugation. The diagrams below show three types of organelles obtained.
R
P Q
Organelle X Organelle Y Organelle Z
(a) State where these cells may have been taken from. [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Arrange the order of sedimentation of organelles X, Y and Z. Explain your answer. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) From the above diagrams, name the structure labelled P, Q and R. [3 marks]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
42
Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Sejumlah sel yang diambil daripada tisu telah dihomogenkan dan kandungan organelnya
diasingkan melalui ultrapengemparan. Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis organel yang
diperoleh.
R
P Q
Organel X Organel Y Organel Z
(a) Nyatakan dari manakah sel-sel ini mungkin telah diperoleh. [1 markah]
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Susunkan turutan pengenapan bagi organel X, Y, dan Z. Jelaskan jawapan anda. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Daripada gambar rajah di atas, namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q, dan R. [3 markah]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
43
17 The diagram below shows photophosphorylation in light reaction for plants.
Oxidation-
reduction
potential
(Relative
energy
level)
(a) Name the photosystems labeled Q and R, and give the wavelengths of their appropriate
reaction centres. [4 marks]
Q: ..................................... .....................................
R: ..................................... .....................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
44
17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan pemfotofosforilan dalam tindak balas cahaya bagi
tumbuhan.
Keupayaan
pengoksidaan
penurunan
(Aras tenaga Penerima elektron
relatif) Penerima elektron
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
(a) Namakan fotosistem yang berlabel Q dan R, dan berikan panjang gelombang bagi pusat
tindak balas yang sewajarnya. [4 markah]
Q: ..................................... .....................................
R: ..................................... .....................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/1
45
BLANK PAGE
964/1
46
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/1
47
Section C [30 marks]
18 (a) Describe the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. State the importance of
these structures which are related to the properties of proteins. [11 marks]
(b) Based on their functions, proteins can be classified into several types. Give two types of these
proteins and their functions in living organisms. [4 marks]
20 (a) Explain three different classes of enzymes based on the reactions that they catalyse.
[6 marks]
(b) By giving two examples of enzymatic reactions, explain how the appropriate cofactor and
inhibitor affect their activities. [9 marks]
964/1
48
Bahagian C [30 markah]
18 (a) Perihalkan struktur primer, sekunder, dan tertier bagi protein. Nyatakan kepentingan struktur
ini yang berkaitan dengan sifat protein. [11 markah]
(b) Berdasarkan fungsinya, protein boleh dikelaskan kepada beberapa jenis. Berikan dua jenis
protein ini dan fungsinya dalam organisma hidup. [4 markah]
20 (a) Perihalkan tiga kelas enzim yang berbeza berdasarkan tindak balas yang dimangkinkan.
[6 markah]
(b) Dengan memberi dua contoh tindak balas enzim, jelaskan bagaimana kofaktor dan perencat
yang sesuai mempengaruhi aktiviti masing-masing. [9 markah]
964/1
49
50
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/2 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
For examiner’s use
Please tear off along the perforated line.
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan
TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Section B
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the (Bahagian B)
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
16
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces 17
provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.
Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Total
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
(Jumlah)
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.
Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang
dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.
Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib
berangka.
Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan
kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 964/2
51
BLANK PAGE
964/2
52
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/2
53
Section A [15 marks]
1 The graph below shows the oxygen dissociation curves for myoglobin, maternal haemoglobin and
foetal haemoglobin.
Percentage of
oxygen saturation
964/2
54
Bahagian A [15 markah]
1 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung penceraian oksigen untuk mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu dan
hemoglobin fetus.
Peratus ketepuan
oksigen
Lengkung yang manakah yang sepadan dengan mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu, dan hemoglobin
fetus?
Mioglobin Hemoglobin ibu Haemoglobin fetus
A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q R P
D R P Q
964/2
55
3 The graph below shows the pressure changes in the atrium, ventricle and aorta during a complete
cardiac cycle.
Pressure/kPa
Time/s
What do X, Y and Z represent?
X Y Z
A Aortic pressure Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure
B Ventricular pressure Atrial pressure Aortic pressure
C Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure Aortic pressure
D Atrial pressure Aortic pressure Ventricular pressure
5 The role of the Casparian strip in the endodermal cell of the root is
A to carry out active transport
B to strengthen the root structure
C to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the symplastic route
D to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the apoplastic route
964/2
56
3 Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan tekanan di dalam atrium, ventrikel, dan aorta semasa satu
kitar kardium yang lengkap.
Masa/s
Apakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y, dan Z?
X Y Z
A Tekanan aorta Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel
B Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta
C Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan aorta
D Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta Tekanan ventrikel
964/2
57
6 The role of calcium ions during muscle contraction is
A to form tropomyosin-troponin complex
B to bind myosin to actin forming cross-bridges
C to bind with tropomyosin exposing the myosin head
D to bind with troponin allowing the formation of cross-bridges
9 Which structure cease to function after the formation of placenta in the development of
mammalian foetus?
A Allantois
B Yolk sac
C Chorionic membrane
D Amniotic membrane
964/2
58
6 Peranan ion kalsium dalam pengecutan otot adalah
A untuk membentuk kompleks tropomiosin-troponin
B untuk mengikat miosin kepada aktin membentuk titian silang
C untuk mengikat dengan tropomiosin mendedahkan kepala miosin
D untuk mengikat dengan troponin membenarkan pembentukan titian silang
9 Struktur yang manakah yang berhenti berfungsi selepas pembentukan plasenta dalam
perkembangan fetus mamalia?
A Alantois
B Pundi yolka
C Membran korion
D Membran amnion
964/2
59
10 The following are events that occur during seed germination.
I Activation of enzyme
II Initial uptake of water
III Flow of sugar into embryo
IV Activation of gibberellic acids
Which is the correct sequence of events during seed germination?
A II I III IV
B II I IV III
C II III I IV
D II IV I III
Antigen
Stimulate
X Plasma cell
964/2
60
10 Peristiwa berikut berlaku semasa percambahan biji benih.
I Pengaktifan enzim
II Permulaan pengambilan air
III Pengaliran gula kedalam embrio
IV Pengaktifan asid giberelik
Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang betul semasa percambahan biji benih?
A II I III IV
B II I IV III
C II III I IV
D II IV I III
11 Bahan yang manakah yang dihasilkan oleh hati mamalia semasa metabolisma protein?
A Hempedu
B Urea
C Glikogen
D Kolesterol
Antigen
Rangsangan
X Sel plasma
964/2
61
13 The diagram below shows the immune response in the human body.
14 The following are the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium that causes human malaria.
I Formation of gametocytes
II Multiplication in liver
III Injection of parasite
IV Completion of gametogony
V Migration of sporozoites to mosquito salivary gland
VI Invasion and multiplication in red blood cells
Which is the correct sequence of the Plasmodium life cycle?
A I II III IV V VI
B III II I V IV VI
C III II IV V I VI
D III II VI I IV V
964/2
62
13 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan gerak balas imun dalam badan manusia.
Bergerak
ke nodus limfa
Bahan R
Sel X
Sel Z
Bahan S
Sel Y
14 Yang berikut ialah peringkat kitar hidup Plasmodium yang menyebabkan malaria kepada
manusia.
I Pembentukan gametosit
II Pengandaan di dalam hati
III Suntikan parasit
IV Pelengkapan gametogoni
V Penghijrahan sporozoites kepada kelenjar liur nyamuk
VI Serangan dan pengandaan dalam sel darah merah
Yang manakah urutan yang benar tentang kitar hidup Plasmodium?
A I II III IV V VI
B III II I V IV VI
C III II IV V I VI
D III II VI I IV V
964/2
63
15 A person suffering from abrupt onset of fever, headache, facial flushing, conjuctival suffusion and
severe backache is most likely to contract
A dengue
B cholera
C malaria
D tuberculosis
964/2
64
15 Seorang yang menderita serangan mendadak demam, sakit kepala, kemerahan pada wajah,
konjugtivitis dan sakit pinggang kemungkinan besar menghidap
A denggi
B kolera
C malaria
D tuberkulosis
964/2
65
BLANK PAGE
964/2
66
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
964/2
67
HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 The diagram below shows the simplified chemical reaction that occurs during the transport of
carbon dioxide by the red blood cell in a mammal.
R + O2 CO2 + H2O
II
Cell/tissue
T
I
CO2 + H2O
HCO3
H+ + Hb O2
S
Erythrocyte membrane HbO2
H2CO3
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
68
Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas kimia yang diringkaskan yang berlaku semasa
pengangkutan karbon dioksida oleh sel darah merah dalam mamalia.
R + O2 CO2 + H2O
II
Sel/tisu
T
I
CO2 + H2O
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
HCO3
H+ + Hb O2
S
Membran eritrosit HbO2
H2CO3
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat I dan II. [4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
69
17 The diagram below shows simplified events in menstrual cycle of humans.
Q
P
Thickness of
endometrium
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) State two types of hormones which influence the above menstrual cycle, and state the role of
each hormone. [4 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
70
17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan ringkasan peristiwa dalam kitar haid manusia.
Q
P
Ketebalan
endometrium
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Nyatakan dua jenis hormon yang mempengaruhi kitar haid di atas, dan nyatakan peranan
setiap hormon. [4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) persenyawaan tidak berlaku? [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/2
71
BLANK PAGE
964/2
72
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/2
73
Section C [30 marks]
18 (a) Give the definition, causes and methods of prevention of each of the following cardiovascular
disorders.
(i) Arteriosclerosis
(ii) Hypertension
[10 marks]
(b) With the aid of Munch Model, describe the mechanism of mass translocation in phloem.
[5 marks]
19 (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of double fertilisation in an angiosperm.
[5 marks]
(b) Describe the main structural features that favour cross-pollination in an angiosperm.
[4 marks]
(c) Describe the characteristics of the following types of asexual reproduction.
(i) Polyembryony
(ii) Parthenogenesis
(iii) Vegetative reproduction
[6 marks]
20 (a) Name the organs of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. [8 marks]
(b) A malfunctioned kidney may be replaced by a healthy one which is transplanted from a
donor.
(i) Explain why the healthy kidney may later be rejected by the recipient’s body. [4 marks]
(ii) What are the steps taken to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipient’s body?
[3 marks]
964/2
74
Bahagian C [30 markah]
18 (a) Berikan takrif, punca, dan kaedah pencegahan setiap penyakit kardiovaskular yang berikut.
(i) Arteriosklerosis
(ii) Hipertensi
[10 markah]
(b) Dengan bantuan Model Munch, perihalkan mekanisme translokasi jisim dalam floem.
[5 markah]
19 (a) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, perihalkan proses persenyawaan ganda dua dalam suatu
angiosperma. [5 markah]
(b) Perihalkan sifat struktur utama yang menggalakkan pendebungaan silang dalam suatu
angiosperma. [4 markah]
(c) Perihalkan ciri bagi jenis pembiakan aseks yang berikut.
(i) Poliembrioni
(ii) Partenogenesis
(iii) Pembiakan vegitatif [6 markah]
20 (a) Namakan organ dan struktur dalam system limfa, dan perihalkan fungsi masing-masing.
[8 markah]
(b) Ginjal yang tidak berfungsi boleh digantikan dengan ginjal yang sihat yang dipindahkan
daripada seorang penderma.
(i) Jelaskan mengapa ginjal yang sihat mungkin kemudiannya akan ditolak oleh badan
penerima. [4 markah]
(ii) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah penolakan oleh badan
penerima itu? [3 markah]
964/2
75
76
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/3 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
For examiner’s use
Please tear off along the perforated line.
77
BLANK PAGE
964/3
78
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/3
79
Section A [15 marks]
4 Which energy flows in an ecosystem involves the transfer of the greatest amount of energy?
A Plant Herbivore
B Herbivore Carnivore
C Carnivore Decomposer
D Herbivore Decomposer
964/3
80
Bahagian A [15 markah]
4 Pengaliran tenaga dalam ekosistem yang manakah yang melibatkan pemindahan amaun tenaga
yang paling banyak?
A Tumbuhan Herbivor
B Herbivor Karnivor
C Karnivor Pengurai
D Herbivor Pengurai
964/3
81
5 The graph below shows the survivorship curves for three species of animals.
Number of
survivors
(log scale)
8 Alleles A and B are codominant. How many types of phenotype would be produced from the
cross AB AB?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
964/3
82
5 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung kemandirian bagi tiga spesies haiwan.
Bilangan
yang hidup
(skala log)
Ciri haiwan yang manakah yang sepadan dengan betul dengan lengkung kemandiriannya?
Ciri Lengkung
A Kadar kenatalan yang tinggi (c)
B Penjagaan anak minima (a)
C Kadar kemortalan kekal malar dengan umur (a)
D Kemortalan tertumpu pada akhir tempoh hidup maksimum (b)
6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan?
A Sistem yang berdasarkan hubungan filogenetik.
B Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kunci dikotomi.
C Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan untuk kegunaan spesifik.
D Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara
sembarangan.
8 Alel A dan B adalah kodominan. Berapakah jenis fenotip yang akan terhasil daripada kacukan
AB AB?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
964/3
83
9 The frequency of the allele B in a population at genetic equilibrium is 0.70. What is the frequency
of the Bb genotype?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 The graphs below show the ultraviolet absorption in the experiment to prove the mode of DNA
replication.
Percentage
of ultraviolet
absorption
Generation 0
Nitrogen content
Generation 1
Nitrogen content
Generation 2
Nitrogen content
Generation 3
N14 N14 N15 Nitrogen content
14 15 15
N N N
964/3
84
9 Frekuensi alel B dalam populasi dalam keseimbangan genetik ialah 0.70. Berapakah frekuensi
genotip Bb?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 Graf di bawah menunjukkan penyerapan ultra lembayung dalam uji kaji untuk membuktikan cara
pereplikaan DNA.
Peratusan
serapan ultra
lembayung
Generasi 0
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 1
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 2
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 3
N14 N14 N15 Kandungan nitrogen
14 15
N N N15
964/3
85
11 Gene expression is defined as
A the transcription of genes from DNA
B the use of information in DNA to produce a protein
C the transfer of one gene from one organism to another
D the translation of one gene by ribosomes to produce protein
964/3
86
11 Pengekspresan gen boleh ditakrifkan sebagai
A transkripsi gen daripada DNA
B penggunaan maklumat dalam DNA untuk menghasilkan protein
C pemindahan satu gen dari satu organisma kepada satu organisma yang lain
D translasi satu gen oleh ribosom untuk menghasilkan protein
Petanda:
Lelaki Lelaki
penghidap normal
Perempuan Perempuan
Penghidap normal
964/3
87
14 The diagram below shows steps in DNA cloning using bacterial plasmid.
Source DNA
Plasmid
Cloned DNA
964/3
88
14 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah pengklonan DNA mengunakan plasmid bakteria.
DNA sumber
Plasmid
DNA terklon
964/3
89
BLANK PAGE
964/3
90
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
964/3
91
HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 The graphs below show the normal distribution of early population of an organism living in three
different environments, I, II and III. The arrows represent the selection pressure on the phenotypes.
Number of I Number of II
individuals individuals
Phenotype Phenotype
Number of III
individuals
Phenotype
(a) Sketch the curve to show the effect of natural selection in each case. [3 marks]
(b) State the types of selection represented by the curves you have sketched in (a). [3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Give one example of the phenomenon resulting from each of the selections II and III.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
92
Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Graf di bawah menunjukkan taburan normal awal populasi organism yang hidup di tiga
persekitaran yang berbeza I, II, dan III. Anak panah mewakili tekanan pemilihan keatas fenotip.
Bilangan I Bilangan II
individu individu
Fenotip Fenotip
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
Bilangan III
individu
Fenotip
(a) Lakar lengkung yang menunjukkan kesan pemilihan semula jadi dalam setiap kes.
[3 markah]
(b) Nyatakan jenis pemilihan yang mewakili lengkung yang anda lakar dalam (a).
[3 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Berikan satu contoh fenomena yang dihasilkan daripada pemilihan II dan III. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
93
17 (a) The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which
involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q. Draw the complete diagram to show
the arrangement of the chromosomes if non-disjunction occurs involving the pair of chromosome P
during meiosis I. [6 marks]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
94
17 (a) Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat meiosis semasa pembentukan gamet yang
melibatkan sepasang kromosom P dan sepasang kromosom Q. Lukis gambar rajah lengkap untuk
menunjukkan susunan kromosom jika tak disjungsi berlaku yang melibatkan pasangan kromosom P
semasa meiosis I. [6 markah]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3
95
BLANK PAGE
964/3
96
HALAMAN KOSONG
964/3
97
Section C [30 marks]
18 (a) Describe the characteristic features of the phylum Bryophyta and Filicinophyta. [8 marks]
(b) Water pollution is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in Malaysia. Discuss this statement.
[7 marks]
964/3
98
Bahagian C [30 markah]
20 Dalam satu populasi kecil, 40 individu ialah perasa feniltiokarbamida dan 60 individu bukan
perasa feniltiokarbamida. Alel dominan T mengawal keupayaan untuk merasa feniltiokarbamida.
(a) (i) Tentukan kekerapan alel t dan alel T. [6 markah]
(ii) Tentukan bilangan individu yang heterozigot dalam populasi itu. [4 markah]
(b) Jika 20 individu bukan perasa berhijrah masuk ke dalam populasi itu, tentukan kekerapan
baharu alel t dan alel T. [5 markah]
964/3
99
100
SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT
964/4 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)
STPM 964/4
101
STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Experiment 1
Learning Outcome: At the end of the experiment, the candidates should be able to
(i) prepare solutions of various molarities from a stock solution.
(ii) tabulate the results and plot graphs.
(iii) analyse and interpret experimental results.
Introduction:
Osmotic potential of a cell refers to the amount of solute dissolved in the cell sap, containing mostly
water and be the main cause to its osmotic concentration. The difference in osmotic concentration
inside the cell and its surrounding is called a concentration gradient. Movement of water molecules
via semi permeable membrane occurs from a region of higher water concentration (low osmotic
potential) to a region of lower water concentration (high osmotic potential).
964/4
102
STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Procedure:
1. Prepare 20 ml of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions from 1.0 M stock
solution in labelled test tubes. Use the following formula to assist you in preparing your
dilution.
2. Record the volume of the stock solution and distilled water used in each dilution in Table 1.
3. Prepare 15 cylindrical strips of potato tissues using a cork-borer. Cut the strips to a uniform
length.
4. Take 3 potato strips, record their average initial length and weight and place them into the test
tube containing 0.1 M sucrose solution. Note down the texture of the potato strips.
5. Repeat step 4 using 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions and wait for 30 minutes.
6. Plot a standard curve of the osmotic potential against the molarities of the sucrose solutions
using the data given below.
Molarity (M) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
Osmotic potential
1.3 2.6 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.6 14.3 16.0
(in atmosphere)
7. After 30 minutes, remove the strips with the dissecting needle/mounted needle provided. Dry
the strips gently with filter paper and record their average final length and weight.
10. Plot another graph of the average change in the length of the potato strips against the molarities
of the sucrose solution used.
11. Use both the graphs to determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.
964/4
103
STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Result:
Table 1
Table 2
Discussion:
1 (a) From the first graph, determine the solute concentration of the cell sap of the potato tissues (in
molarity) of sucrose solution. Explain your answer. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) From the standard curve, determine the equivalent osmotic potential (in atmosphere) of the
cell sap. [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
2 What is the relationship between the changes in weight of the potato strips and their texture?
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
3 Plant fertilizer contains many solutes. Why an overdose of fertilizer may kill a plant? [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/4
104
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/5 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
STPM 964/5
105
1 A group of students carried out an experiment on respiration using yeast.
A fermentation tube was filled with 5% glucose solution and 5 drops of 10% yeast suspension. It
was then put inside a test tube as shown below.
Test tube
Fermentation tube
Height of fluid
The apparatus set-up was placed in an incubator at 37 C for 60 hours. The heights of the fluid
and the gas in the fermentation tube were recorded every 10 hours.
(a) Is oxygen involved in the process? [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Time (hour) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
964/5
106
1 Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu uji kaji tentang respirasi dengan menggunakan yis.
Satu tabung penapaian diisi dengan larutan glukosa 5% dan 5 titis ampaian yis 10%. Tabung
penapaian itu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam satu tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
Tabung uji
Tabung penapaian
Tinggi cecair
Susunan alat radas diletakkan ke dalam pengeram pada 37 C selama 60 jam. Tinggi bendalir dan
gas di dalam tabung penapaian direkodkan setiap 10 jam.
(a) Adakah oksigen terlibat dalam proses itu? [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Masa (jam) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
964/5
107
(d) Plot a graph of the height of the gas against time. [3 marks]
964/5
108
(d) Plot graf tinggi gas lawan masa. [3 markah]
964/5
109
(e) Based on the graph that you have plotted, describe briefly the fermentation process.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
110
(e) Berdasarkan graf yang anda plot itu, perihalkan secara ringkas proses penapaian itu.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
111
2 (a) A cross-section of an organ that has been diverted out of a rat is shown in the diagram below.
B C
D
A
E
F
J G
I
H
(i) Name the organ, and the structures labelled A and I. [5 marks]
Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….
B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….
C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….
D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..
E: ……………………………………………….
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the similarity and the difference in function between the structures B and C.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
112
2 (a) Keratan rentas satu organ yang telah dialih keluar daripada seekor tikus ditunjukkan dalam
gambar rajah di bawah.
B C
D
A
E
F
J G
I
H
Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….
B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….
C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….
D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..
E: ……………………………………………….
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan fungsi antara struktur B dengan struktur C.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
113
(b) The structures shown in the diagram below are related to the organ in (a).
K L
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Why are the wall structures of K and L are different? [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
114
(b) Struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah berkaitan dengan organ pada (a).
K L
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/5
115
3 A researcher carried out a cross on pea plants to determine the inheritance of seed forms. He
crossed pure line wrinkled seed with pure line smooth seed to produce F1 generation and subsequently
F2 generation. A total of 250 plants were produced in F2 generation, 59 with wrinkled seeds and 191
with smooth seeds. The diagram below illustrates the crosses.
Progeny Q
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) What is the expected ratio of wrinkled-seed plants to smooth-seed plants of F2 generation?
[1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Using the expected ratio in (b), determine the expected number of phenotypes of F2
generation.
Wrinkled 59
Smooth 191
[2 marks]
964/5
116
3 Seorang penyelidik telah membuat kacukan terhadap pokok kacang pea untuk menentukan
perwarisan bentuk biji. Beliau mengkacukkan baka tulen biji yang berkedut dengan baka tulen biji
licin untuk menghasilkan generasi F1 dan seterusnya generasi F2. Sebanyak 250 tumbuhan telah
dihasilkan dalam generasi F2, 59 dengan biji berkedut, dan 191 dengan biji licin. Gambar rajah
di bawah menunjukkan kacukan tersebut.
Biji berkedut
Biji licin
Progeni Q
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Apakah nisbah jangkaan pokok dengan biji berkedut kepada pokok dengan biji licin bagi
generasi F2? [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Dengan menggunakan nisbah jangkaan pada (b), tentukan bilangan jangkaan fenotip generasi
F2.
Berkedut 59
Licin 191
[2 marks]
964/5
117
(d) Using the chi-square formula, determine the chi-square value for F2 generation. [3 marks]
Using the data from above table, explain whether the result obtained is in accordance with
Mendel’s first law.
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Wrinkled: ...................................................................................................................................................
Smooth: ......................................................................................................................................................
(g) With the symbol R as dominant allele and symbol r as recessive allele, determine the
genotypes of both parents and progeny Q. [3 marks]
Female parent:...................................................................................................................................
Progeny Q: ........................................................................................................................................
964/5
118
(d) Dengan menggunakan rumus khi kuasa dua, tentukan nilai khi kuasa dua bagi generasi F2.
[3 markah]
(e) Jadual nilai khi kuasa dua ( 2) pada aras 5% diberikan di bawah. [4 markah]
Dengan menggunakan data daripada jadual di atas, jelaskan sama ada keputusan yang diperoleh
mematuhi hukum Mendel pertama.
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Berkedut:....................................................................................................................................................
Licin: .........................................................................................................................................................
(g) Dengan simbol R sebagai alel dominan dan simbol r sebagai alel resesif, tentukan genotip
kedua-dua induk dan progeni Q. [3 markah]
Induk betina:..............................................................................................................................................
Induk jantan:..............................................................................................................................................
Progeni Q:..................................................................................................................................................
964/5
119