MOLAR MASS DETERMINATION BY FREEZING POINT

DEPRESSION
Reference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64Azz-ASdAo&ab_channel=GenChemLabatSMU

Procedure
The first part of the First Experiment with Acetic Acid

Objective: The preparation stage

1. Dry the test tubes using tissue paper.

2. Heat some tap H2O from a 400 ml beaker on a hot plate. (do not boil)
3. Prepare the ring stand with a test tube clamp, thermometer clamp, and a 600 ml beaker.
4. Weigh a test tube inside a 150 ml beaker (for stability)
5. Weigh about 0.5 g of Unknown and record the unknown number.
6. Transfer the unknown to the beaker with a test tube and weigh together.

Mass of empty tube and beaker (together)

= 129.5641 g
Mass of the unknown sample, test tube, and beaker
= 130.0890

7. At the ring stand, put 400 ml water into the 600 ml beaker.
8. Obtain an inch or an inch and a half of acetic acid in a clean and dry test tube.
9. Attach the test tube with acetic acid and clamp it on a ring stand test tube clamp. Also,
lower the test tube clamp until it reaches the water placed at the 600 ml beaker. Make
sure to make the acetic acid lower to the top of the water but not let the beaker touch the
bottom.
10. Insert a metal loop stir in the test tube then;
11. Insert a 0–50-degree thermometer in point 1-degree divisions into the thermometer clamp
until it reaches the acetic acid but not touching the bottom. (arrange the position of the
thermometer)

Next Objective: Get the bath between 10 and 14 degrees Celsius and add little bits of ice
every once in a while. Use a thermometer as a stir rod.

12. Insert 0–100-degree thermometer (1-degree markings) into the water in the beaker in the
ring stand of the first part of the experiment. Keep the 400 ml beaker with the unknown
away from any liquids.
 (temperature reading starts when the thermometer reaches 17 degrees; will be taking
temperature every 15 seconds)
(The partner of the chemist records the time and the temperature; the lady chemist will
stir the acetic acid on the test tube until the acetic acid freezes)
13. Get the temperature as ice is being added from time to time and record it below.

Time (s) Temperature (oC)

Pure solvent Solution Solution
(acetic acid) Trial 1 Trial 2
1 second 16.40
15 seconds 16.32
30 seconds 16.20
45 seconds 15.95
1 minute 15.80 -starts to freeze
1: 15 16.05
1:30 16.20
1:45 16.20
2 minutes 16.20

14. Remove the thermometer, stir, and test tube—all as a group.

15. Bring the test tube in a hot water bath by heated water in a beaker placed on a hot plate.
16. Wipe the test tube with a tissue. Make sure to dry it up before placing it into the beaker
with a test tube with the unknown.

Note: Why is it important to measure the freezing point of the acetic acid? It is because the
Acetic Acid may not be pure. It may contain something else like water from a previous
experiment or leave the container open.

Second Part of the Experiment

 1. Remove the thermometer into the test tube (from the first experiment), rub it beside the
test tube (inside), and transfer it to the test tube with the unknown.
2. Reweigh the test tube containing acetic acid with the unknown and the beaker.
3. Record the mass of the test tube, beaker, unknown, and the acetic acid.

Mass of the Test tube + beaker + unknown + Acetic acid:

= 143.4878

Note: The solid is not wholly dissolved (acetic acid + unknown)

4. Replace the cold water in the 600 ml beaker used previously with new tap water.
5. Put the acetic acid + unknown in the test tube in a beaker with warm temperature to
dissolve the unknown (with the help of the hot plate and a dry stirrer)
6. Put the dry thermometer into the test tube once again.
7. Attach the test tube again in the ring stand and the other thermometer on the beaker with
tap water.

Note: expect the temperature to be lower than the previous result because the solute (unknown)
was added to the solvent or the pure (acetic acid).

8. Please wait until it reached 17 degrees Celsius (addition of ice will help)
9. Record once again the temperature and the time as ice is being added from time to time

Time (s) Temperature (oC)

Pure solvent Solution Solution
(acetic acid) Trial 1 Trial 2
1 second 16.40 16.50
15 seconds 16.32 16.0
30 seconds 16.20 15.75
45 seconds 15.95 15.45
1 minute 15.80 -starts to freeze 15.30
1:!5 16.05 15.05
1:30 16.20 14.70
1:45 seconds 16.20 14.50
2 minutes 16.20 14.30
2:15 14.05
2:30 13.70
2:45 13.50
3 minutes 13.30
3:15 13.10
3:30 13.00
3:45 13.80 – Freezes
4 minutes 14.55
4:15 14.80
 4:30 14.95
4:45 15.00
5 minutes 15.00

10. Remove the thermometer (inside the beaker with tap water), stir, in the test tube—all as a
group. (ps. Rub it on the sides of the inner part of the tube)
11. Bring the test tube in a hot water bath by heated water in a beaker placed on a hot plate.
(Do not boil)
12. Wipe the test tube with a tissue. Make sure to dry it up before placing it into another
solution.
13. Weigh another 0.5 g of the unknown

Mass of the unknown in the solution 3:

= 0.5142

14. Add the 2nd unknown to the test tube with Solution 2.
15. Put the acetic acid + unknown 1 + unknown 2 in the test tube in a beaker with warm
temperature to dissolve the unknown 2 (with the help of the hot plate and a dry stirrer)
16. Put the dry thermometer into the test tube once again.
17. Attach the test tube again in the ring stand and the other thermometer on the beaker with
tap water.
18. Please wait until it reached 17 degrees Celsius (addition of ice will help)
19. Record once again the temperature and the time as ice is being added from time to time.

Time (s) Temperature (oC)

Pure solvent Solution Solution
(acetic acid) Trial 1 Trial 2
1 second 16.40 16.50 16.40
15 seconds 16.32 16.0 16.00
30 seconds 16.20 15.75 15.60
45 seconds 15.95 15.45 15.30
1 minute 15.80 -starts to freeze 15.30 15.15
1:15 16.05 15.05 14.80
1:30 16.20 14.70 14.65
1:45 seconds 16.20 14.50 14.40
2 minutes 16.20 14.30 14.30
2:15 14.05 13.95
2:30 13.70 13.70
2:45 13.501 13.50
3 minutes 13.30 13.35
3:15 13.10 13.10
 3:30 13.00 12.75
3:45 13.80 – Freezes 12.50
4 minutes 14.55 12.05
4:15 14.80 11.90
4:30 14.95 11.80
4:45 15.00 11.55
5 minutes 15.00 11.40 - Freezes
13.20
13.50
13.80
13.80
13.80

20. Remove everything.

21. Warm up the solution in the hot plate and throw it later in the hazardous wastes bin.
22. Clean-up

-------------------------------------------------the end of the

experiment-----------------------------------------------

In making the graph,

the y-axis (11-17)
the x-axis (time)
Determine the freezing point of each.