Name: MAUREN D.

NORBEN Date performed: 11-14-2021

Course/Class Schedule: BSCPE/TUESDAY Date submitted: 11-16-2021

CHM01aL – Chemistry for Engineers - Laboratory

Experiment No. 6

LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

INTRODUCTION

The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to turn liquid into vapor.
It is expressed in amount of heat per unit mass of a substance but can also be in per
unit mole. For water it is 2250 J/g. Conversely, the negative latent heat of vaporization
is the latent heat of condensation.

Latent comes from the Latin word, latere, which means hidden. For sensible
heat, it involves temperature change. However, for latent heat, it does not involve
temperature change but change in phase.

When liquid is heated and reaches boiling point, the temperature is observed to
be constant and the liquid turns into vapor in which bubbles are observed. Boiling point
is the temperature when the liquid’s vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric
pressure. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 1 atm or 101325 Pa. The boiling point
at this level is called normal boiling point. As elevation increases, atmospheric pressure
decreases.

OBJECTIVES

1. To check the behavior of liquid temperature during heating.

2. Compare behaviors of temperature during vaporization when it’s not yet

boiling.

3. To appreciate the concept of Latent Heat of Vaporization in

Thermochemistry.
MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT

Tap Water Thermometer (can cover slightly above 100 oC)

Timer Grad. Cylinder/Measuring Cup/Spoon
Casserole Heat source (e.g. LPG-Stove set-up)
Thermometer holder (can be improvised)
Stirrer

WARNING!

• Always turn off the knobs of stove and the LPG tank when not in use.
• Before opening the LPG tank, make sure that knobs of stove are closed.
• When LPG smells in the area:

o Do not operate any electrical equipment (e.g. do not turn the switches,
plug/unplug on sockets). These produce sparks and may cause fire
and/or explosion.
o Close the LPG tank and check for leaks. Tighten the hose connections.
o Open the windows and doors to purge the combustible vapors and allow
at least one hour then check if the smell is still there.
o If there is still smell after one hour, abort the experiment and call for
assistance.
o If there is no smell anymore, try opening the LPG tank but don’t turn yet
the stove’s knob. Perform a soap sud test by putting water with soap (or
liquid soap) on the hose connections. If bubbles appear, there is a leak.
Call for assistance. If there are no bubbles, continue to operate the stove.

• Be careful when handling hot objects. In case of burns, put the part of the body
under running water. Call for someone to put off the fire.

PROCEDURE & OBSERVATION

1) Measure a volume of water, approximately 500 mL. Alternatively, water may be

weighed.

Volume or mass obtained: 500 mL

2) Transfer the water to the casserole.

3) Place the casserole on top of the stove or heat source.
4) Immerse the thermometer in the water but make sure that it does not touch the
walls or bottom of the casserole. Have a holder on the thermometer.

5) Turn on the stove or the heat source. Make sure that the WARNING was read
and understood.

6) Observe the temperature every 15 seconds. Stop when the temperature is

almost constant. Use additional sheets if necessary. Continuously stir the liquid.

Time, s Temp Time, s Temp Time, s Temp

0 27.1 °C 240 77.7 °C 480

15 29.8 °C 255 79.7 °C 495

30 34.8 °C 270 81.2 °C 510

45 37.2 °C 285 83.5 °C 525

60 40.8 °C 300 84.1 °C 540

75 47.3 °C 315 84.3 °C 555

90 51.1 °C 330 84.7 °C 570

105 54.7 °C 345 84.8 °C 585

120 59.9 °C 360 600

135 60.0 °C 375 615

150 63.6 °C 390 630

165 66.6 °C 405 645

180 68.0 °C 420 660

195 70.0 °C 435 675

210 73.0 °C 450 690

225 75.5 °C 465 705

 7) Turn off the stove or the heat source and allow water to cool to room
temperature.

8) Measure the volume of the remaining water. Alternatively, weigh the remaining.
Volume or mass obtained: 435 mL

QUESTIONS & EVALUATION

1) Plot the temperature vs time of the data from this experiment (you may use
computer on this). What is the observation on its behavior?

The behavior of the plotted temperature vs. time is, as the time increases, the
temperature of water also increases. In every 15 seconds, the temperature of
water increases but didn’t reach the normal boiling point. In 345 seconds, the
increasing temperature of water stopped because it was almost constant.

2) Using the plot, what is the experimental value of water boiling point? If the
normal boiling point is 100 oC, by how much it differs from the experimental
value? Give three brief explanations on the difference.

The experimental value of water boiling point is 84.8 °C and the difference
between the normal boiling point which is 100 °C and the experimental value
which is 84.8 °C is 15.2 °C. As you can see the, the experimental value is less
that the normal value because it must to stop when the temperature is constant.
15.2 °C is the difference of the normal and experimental value of water boiling
point because when you subtract 100 °C and 84.8 °C, the difference would be
15.2 °C. The experimental value didn’t reach the normal boiling point of water
because the temperature was almost constant.

Photos: