A

Project Report
On
“Portable Foam Bike/Car Washer”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the Diploma

in

Production Engineering

Submitted By:

ANURAG MISHRA (E1728634300003)

MANOJ DIXIT (E1728634300005)
ASHUTOSH PAL (E1728634300007)
ANKAN SINGH (E1728634300008)

Submitted to: Under Guidance of:

Dr. SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH Mr. PRINCE SRIVASTAVA
(PRINCIPAL) HOD (MECHANICAL)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ARYAVART INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT,
(Affiliated to Board of Technical Education, Lucknow)
(2017-2020)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project entitled “Portable Foam Bike/Car Washer”

Submitted by “ANURAG MISHRA (E1728634300003) , MANOJ DIXIT (E1728634300005)
ASHUTOSH PAL (E1728634300007) , ANKAN SINGH (E1728634300008) ” in the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma of Polytechnic in Mechanical
Engineering (Board Of Technical Education Lucknow) is a record of students own work
carried out by student himself and the content does not form the basis of any other diploma to
the candidate or to anybody else.

Submitted to: Under Guidance of:

Dr. SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH Mr. PRINCE SRIVASTAVA
(PRINCIPAL) HOD (MECHANICAL)

By:

ASHUTOSH PAL (E1728634300007)

i
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “Portable Foam Bike/Car

Washer” submitted to the “BOARD OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY” is a record of original

work done by us under the guidance of “Mr Prince Srivastava”, and this project has not been

performed the basics for the award of any degree or diploma/associate ship/ fellowship and

similar project work if any.

ANURAG MISHRA (E1728634300003)

MANOJ DIXIT (E1728634300005)
ASHUTOSH PAL (E1728634300007)
ANKAN SINGH (E1728634300008)
 ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the project
undertaken during Diploma final year. We own special debt of gratitude to Mr. PRINCE
SRIVASTAVA, Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering , Aryavart Institute of
Technology & Management , Lucknow for his constant and guidance throughout and
perseverance have been of inspiration for us.
We have the opportunity to acknowledgment the contribution of Dr. Santosh Kumar
Singh(Principal, AITM) for his full support and assistant during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of faculty members
of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our
project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the
completion of the project.

ANURAG MISHRA (E1728634300003)

MANOJ DIXIT (E1728634300005)
ASHUTOSH PAL (E1728634300007)
ANKAN SINGH (E1728634300008)
 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN TITLE PAGE
NUMBER
1 CERTIFICATE I
2 DECLARATION II
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
4 LIST OF FRIGURES V
5 ABSTRACT 1
6 CHAPTER 1
7 INTRODUCTION 2
8 OBJECTIVES 4
9 CHAPTER 2
10 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
11 ECO-FRIENDLY CAR WASH BUSINESS 6
12 HOW TO CONVERT NORMAL CAR WASH BUSINESS INTO 7
ECO-FRIENDLY ONE
13 USAGE OF ONLY BIODEGRADABLE AND ECO-FRIENDLY 7
PRODUCTS:

14 WATER RECYCLE AND REUSE 9

15 PROS/CONS 11
16 CHAPTER 3
17 AIR COMPRESSOR 20

18 CHAPTER 4
19 YOUR GUIDE TO CAR WASH FOAM GUNS 35
20 CHAPTER 5
21 CALCULATIONS 35
22 SAFETY 36
23 CHAPTER 6
24 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 37
25 REFFERENCES 38
 iv

LIST OF FIGURES

SN TITLE PAGE
NUMBER

1 ECO FRIENDLY CAR WASH 7

2 USE OF SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY 9

3 HAND CAR WASHING SYSTEM 11

4 STEPS TO CAR WASH BUSINESS 14

5 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR 22

6 PROTOTYPE FOAM GUN 26

7 MIXTURE OF SOAP IN FOAM GUN 31

8 ACTUAL PROJECT PICS 35

 V

ABSTRACT

As the weather gets nicer every day, and we clean our house and care for our lawns; it’s
only natural that we want to give our ride a nice wash. Just drive past any car wash on a
weekend and you’ll see cars lined up waiting for their turn in the wash tunnel. A pressure
washer is a high pressure mechanical sprayer used to remove loose paint, mold, grime, dust,
mud, and dirt from surfaces and objects such as buildings, vehicles and concrete surfaces. The
volume of a pressure washer is expressed in gallons or liters per minute, often designed into
the pump and not variable. The pressure, expressed in pounds per square inch, pascals, or bar,
is designed into the pump but can be varied by adjusting the unloaded valve. Machines that
produce pressures from 750 to 30,000 psi (5 to 200 MPa) or more are available. Car wash is a
$24 billion industry according to international car wash association.
The basic pressure washer consists of:

• A motor, such as electric, internal combustion, pneumatic or hydraulic, that drives a

high pressure water pump

• A high-pressure hose

• Trigger gun-style switch

Just as a garden hose nozzle is used to increase the velocity of water, a pressure washer
creates high pressure and velocity. The water supply must be adequate for the machine, as
water starvation leads to cavitations causing damage to the pump elements. Different types of
nozzle are available for different application. Some nozzles create a water jet that is in a
 triangular plane (fan pattern), others emit a thin jet of water that spirals around rapidly (cone
pattern). Nozzles that deliver a higher flow rate lower the output pressure. Most nozzles attach
directly to the trigger gun. Some washers, with an appropriate nozzle, allow detergent to be
introduced into the water stream, assisting in the cleaning process.
Two types of chemical injectors are available
a high-pressure injector that introduces the chemical after the water leaves the pump (a
downstream injector) and a low-pressure injector that introduces the chemical before water
enters the pump (an upstream injector). Washers are dangerous tools and should be operated
with due regard to safety instructions.

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION

The water pressure near the nozzle is powerful enough to strip flesh from bone. Particles
in the water supply are ejected from the nozzle at great velocities. The cleaning process can
propel objects dislodged from the surface being cleaned, also at great velocities. Pressure
washers have a tendency to break up tarmac if aimed directly at it, due to high pressure water
entering cracks and voids in the surface. Most consumer washers are electric or petrol-powered.
The electric ones plug into a normal outlet, use cold tap water and typically deliver pressure up
to about 2,000 psi (140 bar). Petrol washers can deliver twice that pressure, but due to the
hazardous nature of the engine exhaust they are unsuitable for enclosed or indoor areas. Some
models can generate hot water, which can be ideal for loosening and removing oil and grease.
The fabrication of a Portable High Pressure Washer is done by mounting a motor and pump
assembly of specific requirement on a suitably designed mobile trolley. A jet producing nozzle
is connected to a pump with the help of a suitable hose. This washer can be used to wash the
underbody of the vehicle due to its high velocity jet, wash the greasy walls of the workshops,
etc.

Car washes fall into five categories:

• Self service - An open bay (the area that the car sits inside) is typically used in these systems.
Self-service systems have a pressure sprayer, and sometimes a foaming brush, that is connected
to a large central pump. The sprayer has a coin-operated dial system to select the option you
want, such as "soap," "rinse" and "wax." A timer shuts the water off after a certain period of
time, at which point you must put in more coins if you want more water.

• Exterior rollover - A system that is growing in popularity, exterior rollover car washes are
automated systems where you drive your car inside the bay. Once your car is in the correct
position, a signal informs you to stop. At that point, the car-wash equipment moves over your
car on a track, performing a specific function, such as applying soap or rinsing, with each pass.
Exterior rollover systems are very common atgas stations, where the price is often discounted in
conjunction with buying a tank of gas.

• Exterior only - This automated system is popular in the northeastern part of the United
States, but can be found all over the world. You drive your car into the entrance of a long,
tunnel-like bay. The front tire, usually on the driver's side, is positioned on a special conveyor
belt, and you put the car in neutral. The conveyor belt guides the car through the bay, where the
car goes past several pieces of equipment, each with a specific purpose. • Full service - A
modification of the exterior-only system, full service uses the same conveyor-belt-based
automated system. The difference is that the interior is manually cleaned by attendants, and
some exterior services, such as hand-drying and wheel-cleaning are available.

• Detail shop - A detail shop may hand wash or use an automated system to wash the car. Then,
attendants completely clean and polish the car, normally applying wax and using a tool called a
buffer to remove the wax and polish the car. Detail shops are often able to remove dull paint
and small scratches,steam clean carpets and seats, brighten chrome, remove tar and perform a
variety of other services.

Home Car Wash Things you need for the home car wash before your start include:

• bucket

• Soft water or rainwater - avoid dam or bore water

• Shade - direct sunlight will dry the car too quickly and leave spots

• Warm soapy water - PH neutral shampoo

• Sheeps wool wash mitt - kinder and easier to use than a sponge

Washing Procedure Wheels - Start with the wheels. This is because the wheels of a car will be
dirtier than the rest with potentially large bits of dirt that can scratch the paint of a car. Be sure
to use a different water bucket, wash mitt or sponge for the wheels than the rest of the car as not
to damage the body work. To clean in small holes in the wheels use a toothbrush to easy reach
hidden areas. Rinse thoroughly with a hose and be extra careful not to mix your wheel cleaning
equipment with you regular washing equipment. Rinse - It is important that you rinse your car
thoroughly before starting to wash; this is to remove any harmful dirt and grit that can scratch
the paint finish of the car. Top to bottom, spray from the roof down. Make sure to spray
underneath the windscreen wipers as extra dirt may collect there. Separate Buckets - It’s best to
have a separate bucket to use as a rinse bucket where possible using grit guard. The guard and
the separate bucket of water allow for all of the dirt, grit and contaminants to remain in the
separate bucket away from the clean soapy water. By keeping separate buckets it ensure that the
dirty water will not contaminate the clean water and ruin the over finish of the car wash. Wash
and Rinse - Again it is important to wash and rinse from top to bottom gently. When washing
tough spots such as droppings or sap, apply concentrated soap to the area and gently rub to
avoid scratching the paint. If you have any dents or crack in the paint be sure to pay attention to
these places as there may be a buildup of dirt. When rinsing the car start from the roof to ensure
that the water droplets catch all the soap suds and rinse them away to the ground. Dry - Use car
washing towel rather than a chamis, most of these will hold more than their weight in water and
are super absorbent. Dry the bodywork of the car using small circles to avoid streaking.
The best way to tell if your windows are streak free is to dry the outside horizontally and the
inside vertically this way if there are extra marks you can tell which side they're on.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

• To build a Portable Bike/Car Washer, which can be moved easily to any location

• To get a high pressure jet of water to remove the dirt, grease or any other lubricants or rust
from the surface before they are being worked on for maintenance.

• To fabricate the Compact system for the portable bike/car washer, considering the weight &
dimensions for different parts.
 CHAPTER -2

LITERATURE REVIEW

People have found ways to wash their cars ever since cars were invented. They either
washed it themselves at home, or paid someone else to wash it by hand. Then, in 1914, two
Detroit men opened the first car wash business, which they called the ―Automated Laundryǁ,
but it wasn’t really automated. It was basically a pail and sponge type of operation where the
cars were pushed manually through an assembly-line-like tunnel, where one attendant would
soap the car as it went past, another would rinse, and a third would dry. After pushing a few
cars through, the attendants got pretty tired. The first ―automaticǁ conveyor car wash was
opened in Hollywood, California in 1940. Instead of manually pushing the cars through, this car
wash had a winch system that hooked to the bumper and pulled the car through as men splashed
away in the tunnel, soaping, scrubbing, wiping, and drying cars as they came through. By 1946,
a man named Thomas Simpson is credited with inventing the first semiautomatic car wash
system that took most of the manual labor out of the tunnel. It had a conveyor belt that hooked
to the bumper of automobiles, an overhead water sprinkler with three sets of manually operated
brushes, and a 50 HP air blower to help dry the car. Then, in 1951, Archie, Dean and Eldon
Anderson got the great idea to fully automate their car wash. As the story goes, the Anderson
clan invented the completely hands-free automatic car wash in Seattle. Cars would be pulled
through the tunnel and machines sprayed soap on them, big brushes scrubbed them, nozzles
rinsed them, and giant blowers dried them. Needless to say, this was a big hit! Soon, many other
car wash owners were installing automatic equipment in their car wash business

ECO-FRIENDLY CAR WASH BUSINESS:

A change to the more naturally friendly world is happening just in front of our eyes.
Green tag items are turning out to be more in demand and this just because people are
realizing the importance of environment prevention. Do your clients realize that commercial
carwashes are in reality more ecologically cordial than using a sponge, cleanser, and bucket at
home? Car wash business all across the globe are legally necessary to release dirty water into
the state-approved drainage system, then further it is treated or reused. Because of the
expanding popularity of environmentally friendly items, a ton of carwash products can be used
for protecting mother earth.

Regardless of whether you are simply beginning your very own car wash business or you have
been in the business for some time, there is no time like the present to do the change to eco-
friendly car care items. This Manmachine blog describes "Turn eco-friendly: Save power,
water, and money," to enhance the profit in car wash business. Switching to greener car care,
we can protect the planet and at the same time, you can change your USP. Because you
choose to be all the more ecologically friendly doesn't mean you need to sacrifice the nature
of service catered by the car wash business. Look at certain ways, described below, for
transforming your normal car wash business into an eco- friendly one.

How to Convert Normal Car Wash Business into Eco-

Friendly One:

You are never too late to start something good and if it is for protecting your planet, start it
today without delay. Here are a few of the minor measures that you can follow to start your
eco-friendly car wash business. Starting with:

1. Usage of Only Biodegradable and Eco-friendly Products:

They are exactly a lot more out there. Numerous organizations are currently offering and
giving pocket-friendly and environmentally safe items for all the car wash businesses. If there
is a provider that you have been working with and purchasing your items from, at that point
examine get some greener alternatives of chemicals with them. Odds are the provider won't
have any desire to lose your business. Talk about natural guidelines, and ensure your providers
are meeting them. The more individuals who make eco-friendly products as a significant part
of their organizations, the more the pattern will get on and gain prominence. Always ensure
when searching for car care products which are non-toxic and biodegradable. Search for eco-
friendly soaps or shampoos that don’t possess any of these: kerosene, mineral spirits, silicone,
and others.
Foam Car Washing in Service Center
2. Water Recycle and Reuse:

A fascinating fact a few people, including your clients, probably won't know is that carwashes
utilize fundamentally less water when cleaning autos than what is utilized when washing a
vehicle at home. As per the International Carwash Association (ICA), business offices utilize
a normal of 45 gallons of water for every wash. This analyzes to around 80 to 140 gallons of
water utilized when washing a vehicle at home. It is essential to instruct your clients on such
pivotal insights to help secure nature as well as to help keep up a relentless client base.

While the Clean Water Act of 1972 requires all carwash offices to deplete their wastewater
into a sewer framework, numerous washes are likewise reusing and reusing their flush water.
If you haven't as of now, investigate recover innovation, which eliminates the measure of
water utilized. Froth brushes and delicate touch advancements likewise give an increasingly
effective wash over touchless washes. Touchless washes are progressively well-suited to
utilizing more water and requiring higher synthetic focuses.

3. Use High Pressure Car Wash System:

High-pressure car washing systems expend even less water than a normal car wash business.
If the area hasn't changed to high-pressure water nozzles or a PC controlled system, this
may be an interesting point. The high-pressure car washer uses water considerably more
productively. These frameworks are useful because they possibly use water when it is required
and measure what amount ought to be utilized, instead of a water hose that stays on for the
measure of time expected to wash a vehicle. This protection diminishes water use, which
thusly cuts working expenses.

4. Usage of Solar and Wind Energy:

Adopt a greener way and don't simply stop with water usage by using both solar power and the
power of the blowing wind at your offices. You can completely change the carwash business
and be all the more environmentally friendly in every angle by taking an interest in power
programs. Investigate other energy sources that would be workable for your area. Usage of the
eco-friendly source of can is pocket-friendly and good for mother earth.
5. Use Reusable Cloths In place of Disposable Products:

If you give fabrics to clients to clear off their vehicles after a wash, at that point ensure they
are reusable. An incredible thought may be to grant steadfast clients if they bring back their
reusable fabric in the wake of utilizing to trade for a spotless material. Give a rebate and urge
clients to decrease the measure of garbage by reusing. Likewise, if your area has vacuums spot
recycling bins close-by. Offering these canisters will help lessen the measure of refuse
individuals hurl away when wiping out their vehicles that could some way or another be
reused. These alternatives will demonstrate to your clients the beneficial outcomes of reusing
and dealing with the earth.

To the extent, the business side of things, attempt to utilize reused paper or lessen the measure
of paper used in your office endeavors. A great many people likely aren't mindful of the earth
cordial parts of expert vehicle washing as opposed to washing their autos at home. Conveying
your environmentally friendly measures can truly draw in clients to your business and to build
up an incredible association with your community.

Hand wash or Automatic Car Wash. Which is better?

Evolving face of the car industry and ever-growing car demand has generated the need
for a car cleaning services and even it has turned out precision and time-based. Carwash
specialist has no scope of making mistakes as possessing a clean and shiny car is
becoming a trending norm.
This norm can be achieved by proper car detailing driven by experts. The experts can help
the car owners in getting their asset cleaned and maintain the resale value. The use of the
strategies and information regarding car wash at home vs. automated car washing is only
because people are getting more conscious towards their assets. They have now
understood that the car cleaned using automatic car wash machine is much better than
hand wash irrespective of cost as it brings down complete cleanliness and ultimate shine to
the car without investing excessive time.

Seeing at the cons and pros of both types of car washing is worth discussion as it clears the
mindset of the car owners regarding latest car wash techniques.

Hand Car washing:

This is the traditional way of car cleaning. The ever-growing needs and advancement of
technology have forced many car owners to adopt today's fashion of car washing which even
includes a ceramic coating. In spite of the people’s mentality that hand cleaning is slow, its
posses’ certain benefits that can hold back for a few more years in coming future. Looking at
the cons and pros will help in getting a clear picture of the manual car cleaning.

PROS:

• Customized and perfection:

The end outcome of the hand washing task is deemed usually to be the best. It is advised
to go for hand washing once along with certain coating strategies like Teflon coating.

• Easy and Cost-Effective:

Going for hand car washing is cheaper than automated car washing as the cost of sponges,
bucket and car wash equipment is cheaper and can be available at any store.

• Complete Cleanliness:

Manual cleaning is preferred as it assures complete cleanliness and every nook and corner
can be cleaned easily especially in terms of car interior cleaning.

Cons:

• Wastage of Water:

The water usage is a major drawback of the manual cleaning as people use extra water for
cleaning. many of the automatic car wash company in Delhi NCR have an edge in water
usage area in comparison to any hand washing techniques.
 • Excess Muscle Power Required:

Intensive muscle energy is applied and after a certain point in time, tired muscles start giving
poor results.

• Time Consuming:

This is a time-consuming task as you need to give care to minute cleaning and even be careful
about cleaning rugs as bit carelessness can lead to scratches and marks over the car paint that
can hamper the appearance of the car.

• Leaves Dull Marks:

Most of the time normal soap is being used and when the soap is washed away, it leaves a
dull and whitish coat over the car paint and this hampers the appearance of the car coating
and finally the hampering your love’s look.

• Can Adversely affect Car Coating:

You can’t go for scrubbing as for sure it will lead to coating deformation with scratches and
high defined marks.

Automatic Car Wash:

In every aspect of life, machines are working parallelly to humans and even at some point in
time, it is a need that has no alternatives. The company providing automatic car wash along
with other forms of washing like foam car wash uses latest machineries like steam car wash
machine.

Pros:

• Gentle on Car Body:

Any automatic machine is gentle on the body of the car and its paint. So, it brings relaxation in
mind that can won’t be hampered due to scrubbing.

• In-Depth Cleaning:

For thorough cleaning going for the automated car, washing is always the best idea.

• Saves Time:

The time factor and time-consuming features are certain benefits that one can drag from going
for an automatic car wash.

CONS:

• Complete cleanliness:

Cleanliness of every nook and corner cannot be achieved through an automatic car wash as
machines will never work like humans. So complete cleaning is somewhere a drawback for
automatic washing even after using professional car vacuums, you cannot achieve full
cleanliness.
Are you among that section of the population who dream a lot but are afraid to fail or
lose? Are you among them who is afraid to take a risk when it comes to starting a business?
Have you at any point longed for starting your very own business however been excessively
terrified of coming up short? Don’t worry; we are here to lend you a trust helping hand.

An automatic car wash could be a brilliant business investment because there exists a heavy
demand for amazing vehicle washes in many markets. With such a significant number of
vehicles on the streets, car washes are expected to keep up outside appearance and safeguard
the paint from chipping and rust from dust and dirt like tar, salt, mud and bird droppings.
Consumers will surely arrange for a quality automatic car wash that is reasonable, helpful
and productive. Vehicle washes are additionally an incredible method to build traffic and
benefits for a current business; like a service station or comfort store. Be that as it may, there
are difficulties of beginning any business and there are explicit difficulties for beginning a
vehicle wash: What kind of vehicle wash frameworks to manufacture? How to discard
wastewater? How to make it an eco-friendly way of car wash business?
What's more, numerous different variables!

Steps to Start a Car Wash Business:

Below defined are a few steps that is important to understand about starting a car wash
business which is not just a running business but even a successful one.

1. Prepare a Solid Car Wash Business Plan:

Business starting is a strict action and requires a rigid plan. A strong business strategy causes
you to bring your vehicle wash vision to paper and make a well-ordered arrangement on the
best way to make vehicle wash business a reality. You will require this intend to verify capital
when moving toward a bank or potential financial specialist for start-up reserves. This
arrangement needs to persuade the moneylender that you have everything mapped out so as to
begin and keep up a fruitful car wash business. You will likewise require this car wash
business strategy when talking about potential areas with a business agent and you should
submit it to the city planner to get essential endorsement for your new business.
 Car Wash Business Plan Must Include:

• Description of the business including the car washing and detailing service you intend to
offer; your
objective market; and latest evaluation information like the population of the particular area.

• Mission Statement including a synopsis of your business' objectives and the methods
of the
reasoning behind them.

• The steps you will take so as to give superior client service.

• Any specialty to fame of the business, for example, car detailing business.

• Ownership and staff data including past work involvement and respective background
profile.

• Style of business management that you intend to utilize.

• Your financial forecast including car wash business benefit.

• List your business destinations, i.e.: we will probably turn into the most visited
vehicle wash business in the respective area or season.

2. Look for Potential Location for Your Car Wash Business:

The proper area is foremost when figuring out where you need to open for business. Visit a
business or commercial land with the best areas and imagine each part of the space and how
your vehicle wash gear will fit in the space. Your car wash format ought to be effectively
available, situated in a protected neighbourhood and have extraordinary visibility from the
road.

Apart from the area you require to consider a few more factors. These factors
include:

• Type of Street

• Busiest locations

• Competition

• Population

• zoning codes

• Traffic flow

• Car counts

• Merchandising

• ignage
3. Monitor Other Car Wash Businesses in Competition:

Where exists the nearest monitor and what is their regime period in this car wash business.
Then comes about their marketing strategies and what prices they are offering to their
customers. If they have loyal customers and if they have then what is the factor that is driving
them again and again? Their equipment, manpower, and type of car wash they are working
with and what will be their reaction if you open your business? all these questions play a very
important role in shaping the success of your car wash business. These are all good and
quality questions to consider about the car wash business competitors. If you have a proper
and accurate answer to all these questions, trust me you will be able to run a successful car
wash business in spite of having competitors around.

4. Financing Must Be Secure:

What amount does a car wash business cost? What is the complete venture? You should
figure the aggregate sum of accounts that you have to verify including land property, vehicle
wash development, vehicle wash equipment, vehicle wash chemicals, staff pay rates,
protection and considerably more.
 Ensure you incorporate all the expense to get your business going. Contact a car wash business
expert ready to enable you to calculate the amount it will cost to get your car wash constructed
and kept up. If you show up your business plan with a strong revenue model and concrete
marketing plan, it provides you the confidence. Confidence of what? Confidence in
convincing the investors for lending you the amount of capital required. You can easily start
your car wash business if you have a solid revenue-generating plan and clear investor.

5. Decide the Type of Car Wash Business

You need to be very particular about what will be the type of your business. I hope you might
be sure about the different types of car washes. If not then let me tell you about this. Tunnel car
wash system, mobile car wash, in-bay automatic car wash, self-service car wash, and steam
car wash. While few of the types can turn out to be more profitable but there are chances that
these can turn into a drawback. So, again here comes the need for better research work. You
need to understand the population and their demand and budget.
 CHAPTER -3

Air Compressor

An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from an electric motor, a diesel engine
or a gasoline engine) into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurizing air, which, on command,
can be released in quick bursts. There are numerous methods of air compression, divided into either
positive-displacement or negative-displacement types.

Types of Air Compressors

1. According to the design and principle of operation

1. Reciprocating compressor
2. Rotary screw compressor
3. Turbocharger
2. According to the number of stages
1. Single stage compressor
2. Multi stage compressor
3. According to the pressure limits
1. Low pressure compressors
2. Medium pressure compressors
3. High pressure compressors
4. Super high pressure compressors
4. According to the capacity
1. Low capacity compressors
2. Medium capacity compressors
3. High capacity compressors
5. According to the method of cooling
1. Air cooled compressor
 2. Water cooled compressor
Positive-displacement air compressors work by forcing air into a chamber whose volume is
reduced to compress the air. Piston-type air compressors use this principle by pumping air into an
air chamber through the use of the constant motion of pistons. They use one-way valves to guide air
into a chamber, where the air is compressed. Rotary screw compressors also use positive-
displacement compression by matching two helical screws that, when turned, guide air into a
chamber, whose volume is reduced as the screws turn. Vane compressors use a slotted rotor with
varied blade placement to guide air into a chamber and compress the volume.

Negative-displacement air compressors include centrifugal compressors. These use

centrifugal force generated by a spinning impeller to accelerate and then decelerate captured air,
which pressurizes it.

Applications of Compressors

• To supply high-pressure clean air to fill gas cylinders

• To supply moderate-pressure clean air to a submerged surface supplied diver
• To supply moderate-pressure clean air for driving some office and school
building pneumatic HVAC control system valves
• To supply a large amount of moderate-pressure air to power pneumatic tools
• For filling tires
• To produce large volumes of moderate-pressure air for large-scale industrial processes (such as
oxidation for petroleum coking or cement plant bag house purge systems).

Most air compressors either are reciprocating piston type, rotary vane or rotary screw. Centrifugal
compressors are common in very large applications. There are two main types of air compressor’s
pumps: oil-lubed and oil-less. The oil-less system has more technical development, but is more
expensive, louder and lasts for less time than oil-lubed pumps. The oil-less system also delivers air
of better quality.
Reciprocating Compressors

Reciprocating compressor function

A motor-driven six-cylinder reciprocating compressor that can operate with two, four or six
cylinders.

A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that

uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder where
it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft, and is then
discharged. Applications include oil refineries, gas pipelines, chemical plants, natural gas
processing plants and refrigeration plants. One specialty application is the blowing of plastic bottles
made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Centrifugal Compressors

Centrifugal compressors, sometimes termed radial compressors, are a sub-class of

dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo machinery.

The idealized compressive dynamic turbo-machine achieves a pressure rise by

adding kinetic energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller. This
kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in potential energy/static pressure by slowing
the flow through a diffuser. The pressure rise in impeller is in most cases almost equal to the rise in
the diffuser section. Imagine a simple case where flow passes through a straight pipe to enter
centrifugal compressor. The simple flow is straight, uniform and has no vorticity. As the flow
continues to pass into and through the centrifugal impeller, the impeller forces the flow to spin
faster and faster. According to a form of Euler’s fluid dynamics equation, known as “pump and
turbine equation,“ the energy input to the fluid is proportional to the flow’s local spinning velocity
multiplied by the local impeller tangential velocity.
 In many cases the flow leaving centrifugal impeller is near the speed of
sound (340 meters/second). The flow then typically flows through a stationary compressor
causing it to decelerate. These stationary compressors are actually static guide vanes where
energy transformation takes place. As described in Bernoulli’s principle, this reduction in
velocity causes the pressure to rise leading to a compressed fluid.

A reciprocating compressor is employed in our project which intakes the ambient air
from atmosphere & compresses it at higher pressure to utilize it in pneumatic cylinders.
Reciprocating Compressors are typically used where high compression ratios are required per
stage without high flow rates. In a reciprocating compressor, a volume of gas is drawn into a
cylinder, trapped and compressed by piston and then discharged into the discharge line. The
cylinder valves control the flow of gas through the cylinder; these valves act as check valves.

Air Tank

The tanks must be designed to safety standards appropriate for a pressure

vessel. The air storage tank may be made of:
a. Steel,
b. Aluminum,
c. Carbon fiber,
The fiber materials are considerably lighter than metals but generally more expensive.
Metal tanks can withstand a large number of pressure cycles, but must be checked for
corrosion periodically.
 CHAPTER -4

Your Guide to Car Wash Foam Guns

Everyone loves saving time on DIY projects. Whether it’s removing a step from
a maintenance project, or using better tools to build a fence, streamlining your
workload – while improving the quality of the finished results is the goal of every
DIYer. This is a major reason why dedicated car enthusiasts use foam guns or foam
cannons in their car wash kit or a first step to wash your car.

The usefulness of foam cannons and foam guns for washing has been one of the most
debated discussions within the detailing industry for years. Some consider them soap
suckers, that don’t provide much value, while others wouldn’t attempt to wash a car
without one.

Nevertheless, a foam gun can be a helpful tool to help provide superior lubrication,
reduce scratches, lift dirt and grime, and help to expedite your car washing and
detailing projects. They can also be helpful for removing wax -- if prepping to apply a
ceramic coating or a paint sealant.

For those without coatings, you can also use them to apply wash and wax soaps.
So, if you’ve been looking for a guide to car wash foam guns, you’ve found the right
article.
In the information below, we’ll outline some facts about foam guns, introduce the
different types of foam guns, compare a foam gun vs a pressure washing foam cannon,
and explain the pros and cons of using them for car washing projects.

Making an investment with any car care tool is all about personal preference.
One tool that has grown in recent years is the foam gun. This attachment to your
average garden or industrial-strength spray nozzle on a garden hose is designed to mix
car washing soap, spread a thick layer of wash shampoo foam on the vehicle surface
prior to washing it by hand.

But, that’s what a foam cannon does as well. This leads to a lot of confusion about
comparing foam guns vs foam cannons for cleaning.
 The image above is your prototypical foam gun.

In fact, there really isn’t any science to prove that the foam from a cannon or
lance is “better” than that from a foam gun. They both are mainly designed to pre-soak
the vehicle’s surface with a thick layer of automotive car soap or shampoo.

Once applied, the foam will begin to loosen contaminants, helping to remove dirt,
debris, bird droppings, bug splatters and more. You then wash the car as normal, and
dry with microfiber towels, drying towel or air-drying methods.
Delivery of Water to the Foam Container

To simplify, the main difference between a foam gun and foam cannon is the method
of ‘delivery’ of water to the foam container. A foam gun uses a standard garden hose
(with a custom attachment on the nozzle tip usually), while a foam cannon is attached
to a high-pressure hose.

Benefits of High-Pressure Spray Nozzle

Naturally, the higher-pressure spray nozzle and volume is going to agitate the soap
quicker, more efficiently, and generally, create thicker foam soap suds for removing
grime. This helps to reduce swirl marks when applied correctly.

Obviously -- you don’t use a foam gun or cannon with a waterless car wash Now, here
is the $50 question – is the added volume of soap and suds going to improve your
washing ability or clean your car better?

That’s another popular question that really depends on your preference – but also,
supporting equipment. If you already own a high-pressure washer, it naturally makes
sense to invest in the foam lance or foam cannon. This product is designed to work in
conjunction with the accelerated volume of water.

If you don’t have a high-pressure washer, but own a standard garden hose, the foam
gun is your most economical and logical option. They’ll both produce ample amounts
of soapy suds to do a great job of pre-soaking and pre-washing the vehicle.

What are the Types of Foam Guns on the Market

To be truthful, there are only two types of foam guns available to automotive
enthusiasts – adjustable and non-adjustable. The adjustable foam guns were
revolutionized by Gilmour – an American company that specializes in plumbing
solutions for garden, automotive, and lawn care applications.

In fact, here is an interesting tidbit. Did you know that the technology used with foam
guns for car washing is based mainly on mixing gardening fertilizers or bug sprays?
Ortho (a landscaping chemical manufacturer) initially designed a spray gun and barrel
attachment that would mix chemicals for helping grass and plants grow.

This technology found a home in the automotive space when Gilmour redesigned the
foam gun about 20 years ago. Now that you’re aware of its history, let’s get back to
basics.

Adjustable Foam Gun

The adjustable foam gun has a selector switch or knob that blends the volume of water
vs the amount of soap it will mix. The settings are generally from 0 (which is straight
water through the gun – for rinsing) to 5 or 6 (which delivers the higher level of soapy
suds).

Non-Adjustable Foam Gun

The non-adjustable foam gun is a simple attach and spray version. You’ll fill the foam
gun with the recommended amount of soap (based on the thickness of suds you want)
– and spray away. While these are non-adjustable (with regards to soap volume) –
they usually have a selector switch for rinsing.

There are some that do not have this option, meaning you need to quick-disconnect the
spray nozzle from the foam gun to rinse off.

Most foam guns are patterned after Gilmour’s revolutionary design. Some are made
from cheap plastic materials, and will cost around $30.00 – and others made from
more durable materials (such as brass -- stainless steel or stronger polymers).
How to Use a Foam Gun

If you’re going to invest in a foam gun, it’s important to determine whether you
feel comfortable with its usage. Use a car wash shampoo that’s formulated for creating
lots of suds. Now, let’s be clear – while most foam guns are identical in their design,
settings, and intent of use, each one has different, recommended steps.

It’s always best to follow the manufacturers’ exact instructions for the best results.

So – here are a few general steps for using a foam gun.

Step 1 – Gather Supplies

Most automotive foam guns require a garden hose, spray nozzle, the quick connect,
the foam gun soap barrel, and foam spray attachments. Most foam guns come with
everything you need – except the garden hose.

Step 2 – Select the Right Car Shampoo or Soap

There are several types of foam gun automotive soaps or shampoos to consider.

Maintenance Automotive Shampoo

Some people (including myself) prefer to use the same maintenance automotive
shampoo (that can be used in a foam gun or hand washing bucket)

Foaming Shampoos

However, some detailers and automotive enthusiasts like to use accelerated suds or
foaming shampoos for their foam guns. Again, I haven’t seen any science to back up
how these snow foam products are any ‘better’ at washing your car, but if it floats
your boat – have at it.

How to Choose Soap?

The key is to choose a soap that works best for your application. If you have a high-
quality Ceramic Coating applied to your vehicle, I strongly recommend using a pH
neutral or balanced car soap. The soap should be very slick, highly concentrated, and
provide enough lubrication to allow your wash mitt to smoothly glide over the vehicle
surface.
Step 3 – Mix the Soap in the Foam Gun

Some foam guns are quite simple to measure soap – you’ll simply fill up the
barrel and adjust the percentage of water flowing into it. Others are a bit more
complex. Regardless, automotive detailing manufacturers are quite good (well some of
them anyway) at providing instructions for the correct dilution ratio.

Pros and Cons of Using Higher Concentration of Soap

There are some pros and cons to using a higher concentration of soap to water.

First, more soap coming out of the nozzle can clog the spray nozzle or water jets
inside the foam gun. The less soap used, is less likely to cause obstructions. Think of
it like eating a bacon double cheeseburger vs a chicken sandwich.
Second, sometimes, when you use more soap, the foam will be thicker – but dry faster.
Again, it depends on the type of soap or shampoo you use.

Third, not using enough soap or shampoo will basically be pointless. The intent of a
foam gun or foam cannon is to provide a thick layer of soap, so it can begin the
process of lifting and separating dirt, debris, and other contaminants.

So – make sure to follow the manufacturer directions (both the foam gun and the soap
used) – for optimal results.

Step 4 – Add Water to Foam Gun Barrel

Again – this step might be irrelevant to the foam gun you purchase. Some of them
require you to add some water to the soap (as a pre-mix). However, there is a wrong
and right way to accomplish this.

What Not to do

One thing NOT to do – is to add the soap, then spray water into the barrel. This will
create too much ‘foam’ inside the barrel and reduce the amount of spraying to the
vehicle. It’s also not advised to use dish soap in a foam gun.

Here is a helpful hint I like to follow. Fill up one of your washing buckets with plain
water (the one you’ll use during the two-bucket wash). Add the recommended soap to
the canister first, then slowly dip the barrel into the clean water until it’s filled to the
desired level. This will mix the soap and water, but not agitate it.
Step 5 – Attach the Spray Nozzle to the Foam Gun

Finally, you’ll attach your foam gun barrel to the housing, and then to the spray
nozzle itself. Again, each foam gun will have unique attachments and parts, so follow
their recommended steps for final assembly and use.

Focused on Simplicity

If you are looking for simplicity – the non-adjustable with a selector switch for
straight water and foam soap suds are your best option. These foam guns are very easy
to use and can be the most economic version – as they don’t use a tremendous amount
of soap or detergent. Believe it or not -- many professional detailers do not use them.

Perfect Application

If you like to fiddle with stuff until you find the perfect application, the adjustable
foam gun is right for you. One thing you should be aware of is excessive soap usage
with higher settings on foam guns. You’ll get more soap on the vehicle, and the suds
will be thicker and take longer to dry, but you’ll use about three-times the soap
volume.

Cost-Effective

If you’re a penny-pinching DIYer that buys products based on ‘cost per wash’ – the
adjustable soap foam gun with a soap bottle set on the lower controls is going to
deliver you the best value.
Wrapping it Up

Using a foam gun as a pre-wash formula and method is very effective at providing a
base layer of suds on the vehicle prior to wash. The more aggressive the foam, the
more lubrication you’ll produce – and thus, resist scratching during your car washing.

The key is to purchase a foam gun that is made with high-quality materials, that will
hold up to constant use, is easy to use, and provides you with the flexibility to
configure it to your personal preference.

COMPONENTS

The following components are part of our project. They include;

• Pump - Swash Plate Type 3 Piston Pump

• Trolley

• Water Tank (Used 5Kg gas cylinder hare)

• Hose

• Trigger Gun

• Nozzle
 ACTUAL PROJECT PICS

CHAPTER-5

CALCULATIONS

Hydraulic Power Power = Q x p

1715 Where Q= Flow rate in Gallons per minute P= Pressure of water in psi Now,

1- Gallon per minute = 3.78 Liters per minute 1 psi = 0.0689 bar

The flow rate of the pump is 4.5 l pm and power is 1 hp. 1 = 1.18877 x P 1715 P = 1442.66 psi
= 99.399 bar

The maximum pressure developed by the pump is approximately 100 bar

2- Velocity of the jet

Q = A x V …… Eq 4.2.1 Where Q = discharge in m3 /sec A = Area of the nozzle exit in m2 V

= Velocity of jet in m/s

Where d = diameter of nozzle = 1 mm.

A = 7.88 x 10-7 m 2

Discharge of the pump is 4.5 lpm i. e. 7.5 x 10-5 m 3 /sec

V = Q/A = 7.5 x 10-5 / 7.854 x 10-7 V = 95.49 m/sec

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Never point a pressure washer at yourself or others

• Never attempt to push or move objects with spray from the washer.

• Never use a gasoline powered washer in an enclosed space.

• If an extension cord must be used, keep the pressure washer’s power cord connection out of
any standing water, and use a heavy duty extension cord with components rated for use in wet
locations.

• Keep both the power cord and extension cord connections as far away as possible from the
item being washed and away from any water runoff.
• Wear rubber soled shoes that provide some insulation when using the pressure washer.

• Never cut or splice the pressure washer’s power cord or extension cords.

• Always have a qualified electrician check the pressure washer for electrical problems after it
has tripped a circuit breaker.

• Never allow children to operate a pressure washer. Keep children at a safe distance when
using a pressure washer.

CHAPTER -6

CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

Conclusion

The portable car/bike wash is fabricated for its use in washing the vehicles of our institute. It
can be concluded that the results were satisfied for the stable working of the machine and is as
follows: • The pressure developed by the machine is 100 bar and it is suitable enough to clean
the vehicle by removing the grease and other dirt as can be seen during demo run. • The model
is working successfully and vehicle was washed satisfactorily during the demo run of the
machine. • The Pump runs continuously for 30 minutes. When the pump heats up it switches
off automatically and it is allowed to be cooled for 15 minutes before it can be started again. •
The pump flow turns off when the trigger switch is released due to the presence of pressure
switch inside the pump. This saves water and the pump need not be turned off by switching off
the main switch while applying soap.

Future Work

As with most technologies there is endless advancements waiting to be discovered and the well
established car wash is no different. From humble beginnings in the early 20th century the
car/bike wash as evolved beyond anyone’s expectations. It has become almost amazing what
technologies have been introduced to transform a simple car wash into the futuristic structures
we see today. Here are the big technologies for the future:
• Steam Car wash Steam washing is a new addition to how cars can be washed; using a steam
jet it is safe on both the car exterior and interior. The majority of car washes will use 113 liters
of water per car or 378 liters if washing at home. However a steam wash will only use around 4
liters of water (and doesn’t give off waste water) per car making it cost and eco friendly.

• Self Serve Car Washes Car washing has evolved from automatic tunnels to top of the range
self serve facilities, especially in Australia. If you want a professional finish but want to wash
your vehicle yourself there are a number of self service car washes with top of the range
products and equipment. Many self serve car washes will have coin operated equipment and
many in the future will have electronic pay facilities. • Mobile Car Washing In recent times
many people have commitments that may restrict their spare time and activities such as car
washing. There are many dedicated mobile car washing companies in Australia that will come
to your home or office to wash or detail your car. This comes as convenience is a crucial part of
living in the 21st century. Mobile car washing saves time driving to (and through) a car wash.

REFERENCES Websites:

[1]. Axial Piston Pump- Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia.

[2]. Resources – Car Wash Finder

[3]. How Car Washes Work HowStuffWorks

[4]. Hydraulic pump - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[5]. Swashplate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

[6]. Trigger Gun Control & the Unloader _ ePowerWash

[7]. Spray Nozzles _ ePowerWash

[8]. The History of the Car Wash Davison Inventions Blog.