West Visayas State University

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

Topic: DATA AND PROCESS MODELING

Activity Outcomes: At the end of the activity, the students can

1. Describe data and process modeling concepts and tools, including data flow diagrams, a
data dictionary, and process descriptions
2. Describe the symbols used in data flow diagrams and explain the rules for their use
3. Draw data flow diagrams in a sequence, from general to specific
4. Explain how to level and balance a set of data flow diagrams
5. Describe how a data dictionary is used and what it contains
6. Use process description tools, including structured English, decision tables, and decision
trees
7. Describe the relationship between logical and physical models

Instructions: a. Download “SAD 10th Ed Ch05 Data and Process Modeling.pdf” from the Google Classroom
b. Read the content, explore the internet and comprehend.
c. Read, follow and answer the “A Question of Ethics” found in page 212
d. Answer the Chapter Exercises: Questions 1-10 found in page 214
e. Read, follow and answer the Apply your Knowledge: #2 (Kitchen Gadgets) and #3 (Big State
University), found in pages 215-216.
f. Visit/watch and study the contents of the following sites/videos for your reference.
a. https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/data-flow-diagram-tutorial
b. https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/data-flow-diagram/how-to-make-a-dfd
c. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztZsEI6C-mI
d. https://www.w3computing.com/systemsanalysis/decision-table-example/
e. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl463_pRvbw
g. Develop/create a DFD diagrams for your group proposed system. (Draw manually and scan)
a. Context Diagram
b. Diagram 0
c. Child Diagram
h. Develop/create a Decision Table and Decision Tree for your proposed system. (Draw
manually and scan)

Activity Output

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 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

c. A Question of Ethics:

This situation is quite a challenge. There is definitely information that is completely open to discuss, such as
information that has been made public in a press release, online or in a news report. There is also no
problem with generic questions that question why you decided to leave the company, or what you liked and
didn't like about it. The complication arises when the questions get too detailed, such as questions about
the company's corporate strategy or programming specifics.

The challenge is choosing between respecting my old company's information or dedicating myself to my
new company by offering them all the knowledge I have. I would begin by looking over the full disclosure
agreement from the last company, and since it is in the contract, I will be sure to not touch on any of the
topics mentioned. Anything outside of that is fair game and would be up to myself to decide whether I
would discuss it or not. Depending on how big of an impact exposing certain information would make on
either company, I would steer away from certain topics. Although I am apart of this new company, I
shouldn't feel obligated to disclose sensitive information such as software specifics or strategy that is
considered private. The company cannot ask me to do so either. Talking about improvements or changes
that could be made to increase productivity is ok, but software and programming specifics should be off
limits.

Outside of this, I would contact a close friend or experienced colleague to seek advice. I would not contact
anyone with affiliation with my old or new job, as their opinion could be biased.

d. Chapter Exercises:

1. Data and process modeling uses multiple techniques to represent a system and processes and data
flow contained in the system. Main methods of data and process modeling include DFD's (data flow
diagrams), object modeling and entity relationship diagrams.
2. Gane and Sarson-a process is represented by a square shape with rounded corners, data flows
represented with an arrow, internal and external entities are represented with a square, and a data
store is represented with a rectangle that is open on one side. Yourdon-circles or bubbles represent
processes, rectangles represent internal and external entities, open- ended boxes on both ends
represent data stones, and arrows represent data flow.
3. A context diagram describes a single big process whereas diagram O describes the small processes
that are linked to a big single process. E.g. If HR is a big process then its sub processes will be the

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 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

number of staff in each department, hiring process for each department, payroll for each staff
member, benefits for staff member, etc., that can also be further exploded into processes. Data
store symbols are not used in context diagrams.
4. DFD's can be exploded by assigning one process as parent and other as child processes. This is also
called partitioning, levelling or decomposing. E.g. A context diagram can be called a parent process
whereas Diagram 0 can be referred to as child processes.
5. A data dictionary is a central source of information about a system's data that also defines all data
elements and meaningful combinations of data elements in the system.
6. Leveling DFDs is also called exploding which is a detailed diagram identifying a function to its
desired degree. One could use lowest numbers for the most general and the more specific it gets
the higher the numbers.
7. Balancing maintains consistency among a set of DFDs by ensuring that input and output data flows
align properly. (Rosenblatt, 2014) To balance one should ensure that there are an equal number of
arrows going into and out of every process.
8. A decision table is a logical structure that shows every combination of conditions and outcomes.
Analysts often use decision tables to describe a process and ensure that they have considered all
possible situations. You can create decision tables using Microsoft PowerPoint, Word, or Excel.
(Rosenblatt, 2014)
9. A manager might prefer a decision tree instead of a decision table because decision trees show the
logic structure in a horizontal form which is an effective way to describe simple processes. However,
manager’s personal preferences may vary so it is really up to their preference because decision
tables and trees give the same results, just in different forms.
10. Structured English is a subset of standard English that describes logical processes clearly and
accurately. (Rosenblatt, 2014)

e. Apply your Knowledge:

#2: Kitchen Gadgets

TASKS

1.) The four elements used in Data Flow Diagrams, are as follows:

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 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

• Process

• Data store

• Entity

• Data flow

The four elements used in DFDs are the process, dataflow, data store and entity. A process receives input
data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both. For instance, the process for
calculating pay uses two inputs (pay rate and hours worked) to produce one output (total pay). The symbol
for a process is a rectangle with rounded corners. A data flow is a path for data to move from one part of
the information system to another. A data flow in a DFD represents one or more data items. The symbol for
a data flow is a line with a single or double arrowhead. A data store is used in a DFD to represent data that

the system stores because one or more processes need to use the data at a later time. The symbol for a
data store is a flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side. An entity provides
data to the system or receives output from the system. The symbol for an entity is a rectangle, which may
be

shaded to make it look three dimensional.

2.) Draw a context diagram for the order system.

Page 4 of 6
 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

3.) Draw a diagram 0 DFD for the order system.

4.) Explain the importance of leveling and balancing.

The four elements used in DFDs are the process, dataflow, data store and entity. A process receives input
data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both. For instance, the process for
calculating pay uses two inputs (pay rate and hours worked) to produce one output (total pay). The symbol
for a process is a rectangle with rounded corners. A data flow is a path for data to move from one part of
the information system to another. A data flow in a DFD represents one or more data items. The symbol for
a data flow is a line with a single or double arrowhead. A data store is used in a DFD to represent data that
the system stores because one or more processes need to use the data at a later time. The symbol for a
data store is a flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side. An entity provides
data to the system or receives output from the system. The symbol for an entity is a rectangle, which may
be shaded to make it look three dimensional.

#3: Big State University

TASKS

1.) Create a decision table that describes the Big State University course catalog regarding eligibility
for MIS 260. Show all possible rules.

2.) Simplify the table you just created. Describe the results.

3.) Draw a simplified decision tree to represent the Big State University catalog. Describe the results.

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 West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Luna St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000

ACTIVITY SHEET
Subject: CC 207 Systems Analysis & Design Crs/Yr/Sec: BSIS 2B Activity #: 5
Name of Student: Due Date:
LESLIE ANN GRAPES S. NOVALES May 7, 2021
Instructor: Date Submitted: Rating:
Dr. Arnel N. Secondes

4.) Why might you use a decision tree rather than a decision table?

g. Paste your scanned diagrams here

h. Paste your scanned Decision Table and Decision Tree here

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