VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belgavi-590 018, Karnataka, India

A Technical Seminar Report

On
“Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop
Yield Prediction”
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the Eighth Semester

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By

THANUSHA S P 1SJ17CS096
Under the guidance of

Guide Seminar Coordinator

Prof. Shrihari M R Prof. Vinutha K
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Dept. of CSE, SJCIT Dept. of CSE, SJCIT

S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CHIKKABALLAPUR-562101
2020-2021
 ||Jai Sri Gurudev||
Sri Adichunchanagiri Shikshana Trust®

SRI JAGADGURU CHANDRASHEKARANATHA SWAMIJI

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHICKBALLAPUR – 562101

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar work entitled “Automatic Irrigation System Based on
IOT for Crop Yield Prediction” is a bonafied work carried out by THANUSHA S P
(1SJ17CS096) in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering in Eighth Semester of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum during the year 2020-21. It is certificated that all corrections /
suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The
Seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to
Eighth semester Seminar work prescribed for the above said Degree.

................................. ................................... ..................................

Signature of Guide Signature of Coordinator Signature of HOD
Prof. Shrihari M R Prof. Vinutha K Dr. Anitha T N
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Professor & HOD,
Dept. of CSE, SJCIT Dept. of CSE, SJCIT Dept. of CSE, SJCIT
 ABSTRACT

The method of connecting the objects or things through wireless connectivity, Internet
called Internet of Things. Nowadays a variety of tasks are based on IOT. In the current time, the
immense growth in population creates unhygienic environment for the citizen of a society with
respect to waste generation is rapid generation of waste leads to various infectious diseases in the
environment. As followed by the traditional municipal system, in our surroundings, we can see
over flooding of solid waste in the garbage bins. Solid waste management is a pivotal aspect in
traditional systems and it is becoming dangerous in most populated areas. Arduous labor works
and costs are required to manage and monitor garbage bins in real time. Cities in the world are
becoming smarter by implementing the things around using IOT. This is a new trend in
technology. Smart cities include obstacle tracking, object sensing, traffic control, tracking of our
activities, examining the baby, monitoring home lights and so on. One of the objectives of smart
cities is keeping the environment clean and neat. This aim is not fulfilled without the garbage bin
management system. Hence the paper “IOT Based Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities” has been
developed. Bin management is one of the major applications of IOT. Here sensors are connected
to the all the bins at different areas. The SBM has the access to get real-time information about
each bin and avoid overloading of these bins. The proposed framework reduces the rate of
disease infections by keeping the cities clean. It senses the level of garbage in bin. When it
reaches threshold, a message is sent via GSM to the concerned person to clean it as soon as
possible. The completed task is done in LabVIEW environment.

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With reverential pranam, I express my sincere gratitude and salutations to the feet of his
holiness Byravaikya Padmabhushana Sri Sri Sri Dr. Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji,
& his holiness Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri Dr. Nirmalanandanatha Swamiji of Sri
Adichunchanagiri Mutt for their unlimited blessings. First and foremost, I wish to express my
deep sincere feelings of gratitude to our institution, Sri Jagadguru Chandrashekaranatha
Swamiji Institute of Technology. For providing me an opportunity for completing my technical
seminar successfully.
I extend deep sense of sincere gratitude to Dr. G T Raju, Principal, S J C Institute of
Technology, Chickballapur, for providing an opportunity to complete the Technical Seminar.
I extend special in-depth, heartfelt, and sincere gratitude to our HOD Dr. Anitha T N,
Professor and Head of the Department, Computer Science and Engineering, S J C Institute
of Technology, Chickballapur, for her constant support and valuable guidance for the
Technical Seminar.
I convey our sincere thanks to my Guide Prof. Shrihari M R, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S J C Institute of Technology, for his
constant support, valuable guidance and suggestions of the Technical Seminar.
I also feel immense pleasure to express deep and profound gratitude to Seminar
Co-Ordinator Prof. Vinutha K, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, S J C Institute of Technology, for her guidance and suggestions of the Technical
Seminar.
Finally, I would like to thank all faculty members of Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, S J C Institute of Technology, Chickballapur for their support.
I also thank all those who extended their support and co-operation while bringing out this
Technical Seminar Report.

THANUSHA S P (1SJ17CS096)

ii
 CONTENTS

Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Contents iii
List of Figures iv

Chapter No Chapter Title Page No

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 Overview

2 SOURCE REFFERED 3-5

3 DESIGN 6-8

3.1 System Design

3.2 Algorithm

4 METHODOLOGY 9-10
4.1 Research Contributions
4.2 System Architecture

5 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 11-12

5.1 Scope
5.2 Applications

6 CONCLUSION 13

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 14

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name of the Figure Page No.

Figure 1 IOT Based Soil Parameters Recording System 6
Figure 2 Flowchart of Proposed System 7
Figure 3 Block diagram of Automatic Irrigation System 10
Figure 4 Mobile App Screen 10

iv
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
In farming, the water system is a basic procedure that impacts crop generation by
providing water to the required land. Ranchers have to visit their property to check how
much water is required for their field. This water system technique takes a lot of time
and exertion especially when a rancher needs to flood numerous agribusiness fields
dispersed in various geological regions. Customarily ranchers will exhibit in their farms
to carry out the water system process. Be that as it may, these days’ ranchers need to
carry out their agrarian actions along with other occupations. Robotize in water irrigation
system framework enables to make rancher work a lot less demanding. Sensor based
computerized water system framework gives a promising answer for ranchers where the
nearness of rancher in the field isn't necessary. Presently multi day's web is generally
utilized. Utilizing web rancher thinks about the farming field water system present
condition. Based on this, portable applications will be useful in satisfying this reason. It
encourages ranchers to know the status of homestead field dampness and temperature
through a resourceful application and it will make the rancher at some remote spots to
choose whether he needs to water the field or not. Smart farming is a concept quickly
catching on in the agricultural business. Offering high-precision crop control, useful data
collection, and automated farming techniques, there are clearly many advantages a
networked farm has to offer.

From survey of United Nations – Food and Agriculture Organizations, the world-wide
food production should be increased by 70% in 2050 for evolving population.
Agriculture is the basis for the human species as it is the main source of food and it plays
important role in the growth of country’s economy. It also gives large ample
employment opportunities to the people. The farmers are still using traditional methods
for agriculture, which results in low yielding of crops and fruits. So, the crop yield can
be improved by using automatic machineries. There is need to implement modern
science and technology in the agriculture for increasing the yield. By using IoT, we can
expect the increase in production with low cost by monitoring the efficiency of the soil,

1
Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Introduction

temperature and humidity monitoring, rain fall monitoring, fertilizers efficiency,

monitoring storage capacity of water tanks and also theft detection in agriculture areas.

The aim of the paper is to develop an intelligent irrigation system controller which
measures the moisture of the soil and temperature of the atmosphere and helps to make
decisions accordingly to turns on or o the water supply system. The dirt dampness sensor
is utilized for detecting dampness level to see if the dirt is dry or wet. The dampness and
temperature sensors are interfaced with PIC microcontroller. In light of that sensor
esteems, the controller will actuate the DC engine or siphon by sending the directions
from the cell phone that will work the siphon through the hand-off. Water is an
exceptionally valuable asset and must be legitimately used. Agribusiness is one of the
territories which devour a ton of water.

The objective of the paper is to build up a canny water system framework controller
which estimates the dampness of the dirt and temperature of the air and takes choice as
needs be to kills on or the water supply framework. It is critical to know the measure of
water that has been utilized in the water system process amid agribusiness. This paper
depicts a basic framework by utilizing PIC microcontroller and Android programming to
robotize the current manual water system framework. The Internet of things (IoT) is the
network of physical devices vehicles home appliances and other items embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, actuators and network connectivity which enable these
objects to connect and exchange data. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct
integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 2 2020-2021

CHAPTER – 2
SOURCES REFERRED

2.1 IoT based Smart Agriculture

Authors: Nikesh Gondchawar1, Prof. Dr. R. S. Kawitkar

This project has end devoured to present a productive shrewd homestead framework.
It has joined mechanization into different parts of the homestead. It incorporates a
computerized light, temperature, moistness and sprinkler framework. The moistness and
dampness control components ensure the creatures are agreeable in the fenced in areas they
are kept in, by altering the settings according to pre-requisite. This will bring about
accommodation, vitality e effectiveness and quality and wellbeing benefits.

Disadvantages

• It is cost effective since a Robot is used to perform tasks.

2.2 IoT based Monitoring System in Smart Agriculture

Authors: Prathibha S R1, Anupama Hongal 2, Jyothi M P

It diminishes the water utilization to a more prominent degree. It needs a significant

upkeep. The power utilization has been lessened in particular. The framework can be utilized
as a part of green houses. The System is extremely helpful in territories where water shortage
is a noteworthy problem. The mechanized water system framework has been outlined and
executed in this paper. The framework created is valuable and works in a mechanically savvy
way. The edit efficiency increments and the wastage of harvests is particularly decreased
utilizing this water system framework. The created framework is more useful and gives more
practical outcomes.

Disadvantages

• The whole system works by using only the electric power and no other alternative
sources are used.

3
Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Sources Referred

2.3 IoT Based Smart Farming System

Authors: Akshay Atole, Apurva Asmar, Amar Biradar, Nikhil Kothawade, Sambhaji
Sarode Ra-jendra G. Khope

Featuring highlights of this venture incorporates keen GPS based remote controlled
robots to perform undertakings like weeding, showering, dampness detecting, feathered
creature and creature terrifying, keeping cautiousness, and so forth. Also, it incorporates
brilliant water system with keen control and smart basic leadership in view of precise
ongoing field information. Thirdly, it is a brilliant distribution central administration which
incorporates temperature support, stickiness upkeep and robbery location in the stockroom.
Controlling of all these tasks will be through any remote brilliant gadget or PC associated
with Internet and the activities will be performed by interfacing sensors.

Disadvantages

• One of the limitations of this system is that continuous internet connectivity is

required at user end which might prove to be costly for farmer.

2.4 Android Based Intelligent Irrigation System

Authors: N Seenu Manju Mohan Jeevanath V S

In this proposed system the controller shows the number of hours it should work for
and a number of times it should water the field and the duration between each cycle, after
selecting these parameters the status of the motor is to be selected. IoT based smart farming
systems can turn out to be extremely useful for agriculturalists since less water systems aren't
useful for cultivating. Edge esteems for climatic conditions like stickiness, temperature,
dampness can be settled in light. This framework creates a water system plan in light of the
detected constant information from field and information from the climate store. This
framework can prescribe whether or not there is a requirement for water system.

Disadvantages

• This proposed system works only through android app.

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 4 2020-2021

Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Sources Referred

2.5 Automatic Irrigation System Based on Internet of Things for Crop

Yield Prediction
Authors: Prashant B. Wakhare, S. Neduncheliyan, Gaurav S. Sonawane

The main aim of this research paper will be designing and implementing smart
automation system for farms alongside constantly analyzing and reporting real time data from
the field. In this paper explain about the prototype design of microcontroller based intelligent
irrigation system controller which will allow irrigation to take place from remote places
where manual inspection is not needed. According to pH value of soil, a list of best suited
crop is selected from all crops. Values of monitoring parameters are adjusted according to
optimal condition required for particular crop.

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 5 2020-2021

CHAPTER – 3
DESIGN

3.1 System Design

Wifi/Xbee module is used to setup a connection between soil moisture sensor and the
user application. For proof of concept, water pump, moisture, humidity, temperature sensor is
attached to the controller. Water pump is operated through a relay switching module. And
amplifier circuits are provided to moisture sensors to increase its sensing range. Complete
automation as per the need of the crop is provided over here. Crop specific water requirement
data is taken from the irrigation and farming department of Govt. of India. Hence soil
degradation due to overwatering can be reduced to subsequent levels.

Figure 1. IOT Based Soil Parameters Recording System

6
Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Design

Start

Initialize hardware

Temp Moist
ure=0
>40

ON water OFF water ON OFF water

motor motor Solenoid motor
Valve

PH PH PH

<7 =7 >7

Display crops that Display crops that Display crops that

grown in alkaline need basic need basic
environment environment environment

Figure 2. Flowchart of proposed system

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 7 2020-2021

Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Design

3.2 Algorithm

1. Initialize the system.

2. Gather different sensor's values (like temperature, moisture and pressure, Air
index, etc).

3. Compare values from sensor with the threshold value; also, you can calibrate the
same.

4. If value from temperature, water level, humidity is greater than threshold value
then go to step 5 else go to step 2.

5. On the water motor. Update this information on cloud and send a message to the
farmer. Go to step 8.

6. If value from the moisture sensor is less than threshold value then go to 7 else go
back to step 2.

7. Turn OFF the motor and update this information for the user. Send a message to
the user.

8. Stop.

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 8 2020-2021

CHAPTER – 4
METHODOLOGY

4.1 Research Contributions

• In this system the system consists of sensing units such as soil moisture sensor,
temperature sensor to measure water content of the soil and the atmosphere
temperature respectively and a Wi-Fi module in the transmission and receiving
process for transmitting data from sensors to mobile phone and receiving commands
from mobile phone.
• According to PH value of soil, a list of best suited crop is selected from all crop
databases. Values of different monitoring parameters like temperature, humidity,
moisture and pH are shown on mobile apps. All the data is stored on a database.

4.2 System Architecture

This system is to develop an intelligent irrigation system controller which measures

the moisture of the soil and temperature of the atmosphere and helps to make decisions
accordingly to turns on or o the water supply system. The dirt dampness sensor is utilized for
detecting dampness level to see if the dirt is dry or wet. The dampness and temperature
sensors are interfaced with PIC microcontroller. In light of that sensor esteems, the controller
will actuate the DC engine or siphon by sending the directions from the cell phone that will
work the siphon through the hand-off. Water is an exceptionally valuable asset and must be
legitimately used. Agribusiness is one of the territories which devour a ton of water. The
objective of the paper is to build up a canny water system framework controller which
estimates the dampness of the dirt and temperature of the air and takes choice as needs be to
kills on or the water supply framework. It is critical to know the measure of water that has
been utilized in the water system process amid agribusiness. This paper depicts a basic
framework by utilizing PIC microcontroller and Android programming to robotize the current
manual water system framework.

9
Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT of Things for Crop Yield Prediction Methodology

Temperature
sensor
Relay Solenoid valve

Humidity sensor

PIC 184520 Relay Pump

Moisture sensor

Wi-Fi Module
PH sensor

Figure 3. Block diagram of Automatic Irrigation System Based on IOT

Figure 4. Mobile App Screen

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 10 2020-2021

CHAPTER – 5

SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 Scope

• The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices vehicles home
appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators
and network connectivity which enable these objects to connect and exchange data.
• The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world
into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.
• The dirt dampness sensor is utilized for detecting dampness level to see if the dirt is
dry or wet. The dampness and temperature sensors are interfaced with PIC
microcontroller.
• In light of that sensor esteems, the controller will actuate the DC engine or siphon by
sending the directions from the cell phone that will work the siphon through the hand-
off.
• The objective of the paper is to build up a canny water system framework controller
which estimates the dampness of the dirt and temperature of the air and takes choice
as needs be to kills on or the water supply framework.
• This depicts a basic framework by utilizing PIC microcontroller and Android
programming to robotize the current manual water system framework.

11
Automation Irrigation System Based on IOT for Crop Yield Prediction Scope & Applications

5.2 Applications

• The application of this system in the field can definitely help to advance the harvest of
the crops and global production.
• The solenoid and water motor will be controlled using the mobile app enabling the
farmer to choose drip or sprinkler irrigation method depending on the soil parameters.
• This system generates irrigation schedule based on the sensed real time data from
field and data from the weather repository.
• Implementation of such a system in the field can definitely help to improve the yield
of the crops and overall production.

Dept. of CSE, SJCIT 12 2020-2021

CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION

In this paper we have interface sensors with PIC microcontroller 18F4520/ Raspberry
Pi Zero and transmitted data obtained from the sensors to IoT server which will further send
it to the mobile app to be developed and choose a crop from effective best suited crops from
the database stored on the IoT server. The solenoid and water motor will be controlled using
the mobile app enabling the farmer to choose drip or sprinkler irrigation method depending
on the soil parameters. Every farmer can access the standard date as well as the government
can come to know the real time data of each farm for implementation of different schemes.

13
CHAPTER - 7
BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Nikesh Gondchawar1, Prof. Dr. R. S. Kawitkar IoT based Smart Agriculture"
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
IJARCCE Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016.

[2] Prathibha S R1, Anupama Hongal 2, Jyothi M P, IoT based Monitoring System in Smart
Agriculture" 2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electron-ics and
Communication Technology IEEE2017.

[3] Akshay Atole, Apurva Asmar, Amar Biradar, Nikhil Kothawade, Sambhaji Sarode Ra-
jendra G. Khope Iot Based Smart Farming System" Journal of Emerging Technologies and
Innovative Research (JETIR) April 2017, Volume 4, Issue 04.

[4] N Seenu Manju Mohan Jeevanath V S, Android Based Intelligent Irrigation System",
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 7 2018, 67-71.

[5] Prashant B. Wakhare, S. Neduncheliyan, Gaurav S. Sonawane, “Automatic Irrigation

System Based on Internet of Things for Crop Yield Prediction” IEEE March 2020.

14