97A
912272
Mechanically adjustable balance and sensitive tilt meter
Peters, R D
Measur Sci Tcdmoi VI, Nil. Not, 1990, P1131-1135
A torsional balance has been modified by clamping the fibre at
the top and bottom of the instrument housing. When the cen-
tre mass of the boom is displaced from the near vertical fibre,
the instrument is influenced by the gravitational field as well as
the shear modulus of the fibre. The restoring constant of the
balance depends on angle of tilt between fibre direction and
local vertical. The instrument can be configured as a highly
sensitive tiltmeter.
912273
Premetro tunnel under the river Scbeldt, Antwerp =
geotechnicnl site investigation and instrumentation
Hemerijckx, E; De Schrijvcr, P
Proc Tunnel Construction '90, London, 3-4 April 1990 P43-
51. Publ London: IMM, 1990
A tunnel was built under the river Scheldt as an extension of
the Premetro network in Antwerp. Prior to commencement of
the tunnelling works, an extensive geotechnical site investiga-
tion was undertaken. The tunnel was built using a hydroshield
tunnel boring machine and segmental concrete lining. An
extensive instrumentation program was applied using exten-
someters, inclinometers, pressure cells, etc. Details of the site
investigation and the results of the measurements on the
geotechnical instrumentation are presented.
Analysis Techniques and
Design Methods
See: 912029, 912155
Rock block analysis
See a~o: 912157. 912158. 912159
912274
Rotational kinematics and equilibrium of blocks in a rock
mass
Mauldon, M; Goodman, R
Int J Rock Mech Min Sci V27, N4. Aug 1990. P291-301
Some rock blocks which are "removeable' at a free surface may
be safe against falling or sliding but liable to failure by rota-
tion. Kinematic constraints on rotation of tetrahedral blocks
and rotational stability under gravity are examined. Results
are presented graphically, using the full sphere stereographic
projection and the notation of Goodman and Shi. A rota-
tional stability diagram for various orientations of gravity is
presented. If friction angles are known, the sphere can be
divided into failure mode zones.
912275
Probability aspects of removability and rotatability of
tetrahedral blocks. Technical note
Mauldon. M
lnt J Rock Mech g i n Sci V27. N4, Aug 1990, P303-307
Rigid blocks bounded by joints and a free surface may move
out of the rock mass by translation, rotation, or a combina-
tion of the two. The probability that the Joint Pyramid (JP), as
defined by Goodman and Shi, is removable, rotatable, or
edge-rotatable is analysed considering the geometry of the JP.
1991 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
in order to rotate, the block must be both rotatable and
removeable. Combinations for which kinematic conditions for
rotational failure are reached are examined.
912276
Discontinuum analysis for deep excavations in jointed rock
Hart, R D
Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau,
28-31 August 1989 V3, P1123-1130. Publ Rotterdam: A A
Balkema, 1989
Discontinuities have major effects on engineering behaviour of
rock masses, and computer programs modelling discontinui-
ties of a system explicitly offer one of the most promising ana-
lytical tools. Suitable numerical programs are described, such
as distinct element programs, modal methods, discontinuum
deformation analysis, and momentum-exchange methods.
Mechanistic studies and practical applications illustrating cav-
ing in a confined environment and fault slip-induced rockburst
arc presented.
Stress analysis
See a~o: 912089. 912113. 912203, 912505
912277
Constitutive modelling of a compacted sand-bentonite mixture
using three-modulus hypoelasticity
Yin, J H; Saadat, F; Graham, J
Can Geotech J V27, N3. June 1990, P365-372
Data from isotropic consolidation tests and consolidated
undrained triaxial tests with pore pressure measurement have
been used to develop a constitutive model, it provides func-
tional relations for effective mean and deviatoric stresses with
volume and deviatoric strains. It has been calibrated for a
sand-bentonite mixture, a proposed repository buffer material.
Predictions for constant effective mean stress tests, not used in
calibration, are compared to experimental values.
912278
Constitutive model for rock joints formulation and numerical
implementation
Gens, A; Carol, 1; Alonso, E E
Comput Goetech V9. N1/2, 1990. P3-20
An elastoplastic constitutive law is presented to describe the
three dimensional mechanical behaviour of rock joints. It
reproduces a wide range of observed joint behaviour. A hyper-
bolic failure criterion is adopted, and a similar function used
to define the family of yield surfaces. Hardening'softening is
controlled by total length of plastic strain path. Locking under
normal loading and dilatancy can be included. The model is
illustrated reproducing reported test results. An integration
algorithm for numerical implementation of the law is
presented.
912279
Modelling of soil-structure interface behaviour. A comparison
between elastoplastic and rate type laws
Boulon. M; Nova. R
Comput Geotech V9, 81/2. 1990, P21-46
Finite element analysis of soil structure interaction problems
requires interface constitutive laws. Two such laws with differ-
ent theoretical frameworks have been compared as to their
ability to model shear box tests of Hostun sand against a
rough plate. Both the elastoplastic strain hardening law and
an incremental law of the rate type reproduced observed
 98A
results reasonably well. The former is simpler and acceptable
at small displacements, the latter preferred when displacement
is large.
912280
Constitutive model for cyclic behaviour of interfaces with
variable dilatancy
Aubry, D; Modaressi, A; Modaressi, H
Comput Geoteeh V9, NI/2, 1990, P47-58
A cyclic interface constitutive model is presented, which has
been developed from a variable dilatancy, elastoplastic body
constitutive law. Stick, slip, debonding, and rebonding at the
interface are modelled using a cyclic loading function with a
memory of the last loading cycle. The model is developed
using effective stress vectors, and is thus especially suitable for
analysis of pore pressure influences.
912281
Numerical modellisation of contact with friction phenomena by
the finite element method
Charlier. R; Habraken, A M
Comput Geotech vg, NI/2, 1990, P59-72
A finite element to model contact with friction in two dimen-
sional, axisymmetrical, and three dimensional cases is
presented. It can accommodate large strains, large displace-
ments, and large rotations and is suitable for use in large
strain soil mechanics problems such as piling. Interface beha-
viour is based on a penalty method and the Coulomb dry
friction law. The element is illustrated within the finite element
code LANGAMINE.
912282
Numerical simulation of penetration in sand based on FEM
Sikora, Z: Gudehus. G
Comput Geotech vg, NI/2, 1990, P73-86
Penetration resistance and the stress and strain state around
the penetrating rod are estimated using finite element analysis.
The Kolymbas constitutive model is used for the soil. The
boundary problem for static penetration is first formulated,
and the unknown stress state on the penetrator surface deter-
mined using an iterative method. Numerical problems due to
time integration and convergence criteria for incrementally
nonlinear constitutive laws are discussed. The influence of fric-
tion coefficient on penetration resistance is evaluated.
912283
Localisation in the presence of excess porewater pressure
Shuttle. D A: Smith. 1 M
Comput Geotech V9, NI/2, 1990, P87-99
Strain Iocalisation (shear banding) of soils under plane strain
conditions has been modelled. Two different constitutive mod-
els were applied for drained loading. The Mohr-Coulomb
model is adequate to describe behaviour, but the results are
different to those obtained using the Monot double hardening
law. The latter only was applied to undrained loading. The
deformation pattern is seen to be strongly influenced by the
dilatanc) or contractancy of the soil model used.
912284
Three-dimensional discrete element method for granular
materials
Ghaboussi, J: Barbosa. R
Int J Num Anal Aleth Geomech VI4, N7, Sept-Oct 1990.
P451 -472
A three dimensional DEM analysis is presented for granular
materials, which are modelled as 6-sided rigid solids with 6
degrees of freedom. Corner to face. edge to face. edge to edge,
( 1991 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted
and face to face contacts are considered. The computational
scheme is outlined, with techniques for contact determination
and the data structure addressed. Applications to chute flow.
muck flow in a fast TBM, and particle pouring simulation are
presented and discussed.
912285
Shear stress-strain curve generation from simple material
parameters. Technical note
Prevost, J H; Keane, C M
J Geoteeh Engng Div ASCE V116, NS. Aug 1990, P1255-
1263
The commonly used hyperbolic stress strain relation, although
easily fitted to initial conditions, does not accurately model
behaviour through to failure. A modified hyperbolic function
is proposed, which includes a power term. This offers greater
versatility and accuracy in modelling shear constitutive beha-
viour at high and low strains in both monotonic and cyclic
loading.
9 i 2286
Double-yield-surface Cam-clay plasticity model, i: theory
Hsieh, H S; Kavazanjian, E; Borja, R I
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE VII6, N9, Sept 1990, PI381-
1401
An extended Cam-clay model incorporating time dependent
effects is developed. Immediate and delayed components of
total strain are evaluated. The former is found by applying the
non-associative flow rule on two distinct yield surfaces,
defined by the ellipsoid of the modified Cam-clay model and
the Von Mises cylinder incribed within the ellipsoid. Time
dependent strain is computed by employing the normality rule
on the equivalent ellipsoidal and cylindrical yield surfaces
associated with the current stress state, and compelling the
resultant creep rate tensor to satisfy phenomcnological creep
laws.
912287
Double-yield-surface model !I: implementation and verification
Borja, R I; Hsieh, H S; Kavazanjian. E
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE VII6, Ng, Sept 1990, P1402-
1421
A previously developed double yield surface time dependent
constitutive model (ibid, V116. PI381-140t)is used in a non-
linear finite element program based on Blot's three dimen-
sional consolidation theory. Coupled soil deformation-fluid
flow with creep effects is modelled. Parametric. laboratory.
and field case studies have been used to validate the model.
Numerical simulations include drained, undrained, consolida-
tion, creep, and relaxation tests under triaxial and plane strain
conditions. The new constitutive model describes behaviour of
wet clays better than the earlier, single yield surface model.
9 ! 2288
Constitutive relations for sand under cyclic loading based on
elasto-plasticity theory
Nishi. K; Kanatani, M
Soils Found V30. N2. June 1990. P43-59
Constitutive relations for sand under earthquake loading are
proposed. They are formulated with a yield function in terms
of effective stress ratio, a plastic function derived from the
stress ratio-plastic strain incremental ratio, and employ
Seguchi and Ohta's stress parameter to account for rotation of
principal stress axes, and a modified Masing rule. Material
constants can be easily obtained from conventional laboratory
tests. The model is validated against results of undrained cyclic
shear tests on sand at a wide range of density.