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Propositional logic studies the ways statements can interact with each
other.
Compound Statements
For example:
1. Negation
Symbol ∼
𝒑 ∼𝒑 𝒑 ∼𝒑
1 0 or T F
0 1 F T
2. Conjunction
Symbol ∧
p q 𝒑 ∧ 𝒒 p q 𝒑 ∧ 𝒒
1 1 1 T T T
1 0 0 OR T F F
0 1 0 F T F
0 0 0 F F F
3. Disjunction
Symbol ∨
4. Conditional (Implication)
Symbol →
p q 𝒑 → 𝒒 p q 𝒑 → 𝒒
1 1 1 T T T
1 0 0 OR T F F
0 1 1 F T T
0 0 1 F F T
In 𝑝 → 𝑞, p is the hypothesis (antecedent or premise) and q is the
conclusion (or consequence).
There does not need to be any connection between the hypothesis and the
conclusion. The meaning depends only on the truth values of p and q.
5. Biconditional
Symbol ↔
e.g. A polygon has only three sides if and only if it is a triangle. (true)
√
Complete the truth table:
p q 𝑝 → 𝑞 𝑞 → 𝑝 (𝒑 → 𝒒) ∧ (𝒒 → 𝒑) 𝒑 ↔ 𝒒
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
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