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    Carodan Mark Joseph
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    Moral standards refer to norms and values that determine what actions are considered morally right or wrong. They deal with issues that can help or harm others, are not determined by authorities but rather reason, take precedence over other concerns like self-interest, and are based on impartiality and fairness. A moral issue is a situation requiring moral judgment, like whether to steal something out of need. A moral decision is choosing an act in such a situation, while a moral judgment evaluates others' actions. A moral dilemma occurs when one must choose between two right or wrong options, like feeding a hungry child through stealing. Moral dilemmas can exist at the individual, organizational, or systemic level.

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    Moral standards refer to norms and values that determine what actions are considered morally right or wrong. They deal with issues that can help or harm others, are not determined by authorities but rather reason, take precedence over other concerns like self-interest, and are based on impartiality and fairness. A moral issue is a situation requiring moral judgment, like whether to steal something out of need. A moral decision is choosing an act in such a situation, while a moral judgment evaluates others' actions. A moral dilemma occurs when one must choose between two right or wrong options, like feeding a hungry child through stealing. Moral dilemmas can exist at the individual, organizational, or systemic level.

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    27 views1 page

    ETHICAL and MORAL Matters

    Uploaded by

    Carodan Mark Joseph
    Moral standards refer to norms and values that determine what actions are considered morally right or wrong. They deal with issues that can help or harm others, are not determined by authorities but rather reason, take precedence over other concerns like self-interest, and are based on impartiality and fairness. A moral issue is a situation requiring moral judgment, like whether to steal something out of need. A moral decision is choosing an act in such a situation, while a moral judgment evaluates others' actions. A moral dilemma occurs when one must choose between two right or wrong options, like feeding a hungry child through stealing. Moral dilemmas can exist at the individual, organizational, or systemic level.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Moral standards- sum of combined norms and values, norms that individuals or groups have about the

    kinds of actions/ decisions believed to be morally right or wrong. It is a matter of moral issue.

    Do not steal…moral standard

    Non- moral standards- it is a matter of taste/ fashion/ preference… judging what is good or bad in a
    non-moral way.

    Do not talk when your mouth is full…non-moral standard

    Characteristics of moral standards:

    1. deals with matters we think can seriously injure or benefit others; as in murder, rape etc…
    2. not established or charged by decisions of authorities or bodies; just merely reasonable…
    3. they are overriding (takes precedence over other standards); against self-interest…
    4. based on impartial decisions (fair and just)…
    5. associated with special emotions (related to guilt and shame)…

    ISSUE, DECISION, JUDGMENT, AND DILEMMA:

    It is helpful to distinguish a situation that calls for moral valuation. It can be called a moral issue. For
    instance, imagine a situation wherein a person cannot afford a certain item, but then the possibility
    presents itself for her to steal it. This is a matter of ethics (and not just law) insofar as it involves the
    question of respect for one’s property. We should add that “issue” is also often used to refer to those
    particular situations that are often the source of considerable and inconclusive debate (thus, we should
    often hear topics such as capital punishment and euthanasia as moral “issue”).

    When one is placed in a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform, she is called to
    make a moral decision. For instance, I choose not to take something I did not pay for. When a person is
    an observer who makes an assessment on the actions or behaviour of someone, she is making a moral
    judgment. For instance, a friend of mine chooses to steal from a store, and I make an assessment that it
    is wrong.

    Finally, going beyond the matter of choosing right over wrong, or good over bad, and considering
    instead the more complicated situation wherein one is torn between choosing one of the two goods or
    choosing between the lesser of two evils: this is referred to as a moral dilemma. We have a moral
    dilemma when an individual can choose only one from a number of possible actions, and there are
    compelling ethical reasons for the various choices. A mother may be conflicted between wanting to feed
    her hungry child, but then recognizing that it would be wrong for her to steal is an example of a moral
    dilemma.

    THREE LEVELS OF MORAL DILEMMAS:

    1. individual (personal)
    2. organizational (group)
    3. systemic (machinery)

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