Tutorial-7: Distribution Load Flow Analysis

1. Load and line data of a single-phase distribution system is given in the following table. The voltage at bus 1 is
11.3 ∠ 0° kV. Find the voltages at buses 2 and 3 after three iterations using the following distribution load
flow methods.
(a) Backward-forward sweep
(b) Gauss-implicit Z-bus matrix method
Line Data Load at bus j
Bus i Bus j R(Ω) X(Ω) kVA
1 2 4 15 8 kVA at 0.9 pf lagging
2 3 4 15 6 kVA at 0.85 pf lagging

2. Load and line data of a single-phase distribution system is given in the following table. The voltage at bus 1 is
6.4 ∠ 0° kV. Find the voltages at buses 2, 3 and 4 after three iterations using the following load flow methods.
(a) Backward-forward sweep
(b) Direct approach for load flow
(c) A line is added between 3 to 4 with impedance (0.4 + j0.8) Ω. Find the voltages at buses 2, 3 and 4 after
three iterations using the direct approach for the weakly meshed system.
Line Data Load at bus j
Bus i Bus j R(Ω) X(Ω) P L (kW) Q L (kVAr)
1 2 0.8 1.6 500 120
2 3 0.4 0.8 300 50
2 4 0.6 1.2 600 200

3. Write BIBC and BCBV matrices for the radial system shown in the following figure. Also, write modified
BIBC’ and BCBV’ matrices for the weakly meshed system when there are lines between 6-9 and 5-12.
4. Write BIBC and BCBV matrices for the three-phase distribution system shown in the following figure. Also,
write modified BIBC’ and BCBV’ matrices for the weakly meshed system when there are lines between 2a-
5a and 6c-7c.

1 2 3 4 5
a a a a

b b b b

c c c

c c

6 7

5. The table below gives the converged results of line-flows of the single-phase distribution system. The voltage
at bus 1 is 11 ∠ 0° kV. Find the voltages and loads at various buses.
Start End R X The line flows
Bus (i) Bus (j) (Ω) (Ω) (A)
1 2 0.2 0.3 77.27 ∠ -28.06°
2 3 0.4 0.6 36.65 ∠ -33.69°
3 4 0.8 1.2 20.33 ∠ -26.56°
2 5 0.8 1.2 30.49 ∠ -26.56°