SIX SIGMA Q&A

Q1. Which is the most appropriate chart to use in case of variable data with subgroup size
larger than 8?
Ans. Xbar-R chart if the subgroups have a size of 8 or less, or an Xbar-S chart if
the subgroup size is larger than 8.

Q2. The defect level in 4 sigma process would be:

Ans. 6210 PPM

Q3. Which of the following tool is used to reduce the lead time for a product to
reach from one assembly point to another?
Ans. Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) (still check once) / 5S - correct

Q4. In which year did the Motorola win the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality
Award?
Ans. 1988

Q5. The variation in measurement obtained with a gauge when used several
times by SAME operator while measuring the identical characteristic on the same
sample piece is known as?
Ans. The gage repeatability 

Q6. A study of Control Charts revealed that a Stable Process was in Statistical
Control but a significant proportion of data values fell outside the customer
specifications (USL and LSL). Which of the following conclusions can be made
about the process?
Ans. Process is stable but not capable.

Q7. In which of the following case will you fail to reject Null hypothesis?
Ans. P value = 0.412

Q8. Which of the following techniques is used to brainstorm on ideas on related

topic to unblock the thought process?
Ans. Analogy.

Q9. A sample that will lead to incorrect conclusions about the population and
which will not be representative of the population is:
Ans. Sample that is Biased.

Q10. Which of the following is NOT an example of continuous data?

Ans. Dents in a sheet of metal.

Q11. Which of the following is NOT a key element of a Project Charter?

Ans. cause benefit analysis

Q12. An organization wants to analyze the sales figures for a year. The sales
show peaks during the month of December. The month of December sees the
festival of Christmas celebrated all over the world. Which of the following term
can correctly describe the sales figures for the month of December?
Ans. Assignable Cause/ All of the above- correct
Q13. What is the advantage of drawing box plot?
Ans. All of the above.
-Location of data
-indicates outliers in data
- indicates imminent instability in the process

Q14. What does a skewed histogram indicates?

Ans. Both a and b –
It indicates the data is not normal
It indicates possible filtering of data to one side of the mean.

Q15. Sample size is dependent on all except:

Ans. Population size

Q16. Which element of a project charter deals with the improvement, the team is
seeking to achieve?
Ans. Goal Statement.

Q17. Which waste elimination technique focuses on Error Prevention?

Ans. Poka-Yoke

Q18. For a Two-Sample(2-sample) t-Test, the reported p-value is 0.10, at 95%

confident level, what should be the conclusion?
Ans. Fail to reject Null Hypothesis.

Q19. Which of the following tools can be used to monitor the new process
performance?
Ans. Pareto diagram/Statistical Process Control Chart

Q20. The objective of Measurement system analysis (MSA) is to:

Ans. All of the above

Q30. Fulfilling which type of customers need is a critical priority for any business?
Ans. Must be

Q31. A process which is used to divide a large group of data into smaller, logical
categories for analysis is called:
Ans. Segmentation

Q32. Which of the following is the most common measure of variability in a data set?
Ans. Standard Deviation – correct

Q33. Cause and Effect or lshikawa diagram is also known as:

Ans. Fish bone diagram

Q34. We are introducing a new product. Which one of the following tools will be
most useful in minimizing problems?
Ans. FMEA
Q35. Any unit that contain one or more defect is called:
Ans. Defective

Q36. An organization decides to divide its customer base of a different age

groups on the basis of annual income. Which of the following technique is used
by organization?
Ans. Segmentation – correct

Q37. What is the popular Tags line used in Lean?

Ans. War on waste.

Q38. Which of the following is not in hypothesis test?

Ans. Pareto Chart

Q39. An organization expects to derive a net income of $14,500 on a total

investment of $210,000. Calculate the ROl% for the organization
Ans. 6.9%

Q40. A problem statement must contain all of the following information Except:
Ans. Hint of the solution or the cause

Q41. Which of the following is commonly accepted p-value or alpha risk is:
Ans. 0.05

Q42. For a centered normal distribution which of the following statement is true?
Ans. Cp =Cpk = 1

Q43. Which of the following histogram displays 2 peak:

Ans. Bimodal

Q44. An organization wants to monitor the number of defective bolts it is

producing. It examines a lot of 100 bolts for a period of 20 days. Which of the
following control chart should it create?
Ans. Np-chart/ c-chart

Q45. Which of the following is an example of Poka-Yoke:

Ans. “D” Connectors in computers.

Q46. Which element of a project charter deals with the improvement, the team is
seeking to achieve?
Ans. Goal Statement

Q47. Why Cause and Effective Analysis is done?

Ans. To brainstorm and logically organize possible causes for a specific problem or
effect.

Q48. A diagram which shows 20% of the inputs (X's) that cause 80% of the problem with
respect to the dependent process output (Y) is called:
Ans. Pareto Diagram
Q49. A value added activity is an activity that:
Ans. The customer is willing to pay for.

Q50. Which of the following is the correct Interpretation of the term "AS-IS" Process
Mapping?
Ans. What the process “Actually is”

Q51. Under what condition is two sample-test applied?

Ans. When two random independent samples are drawn.

Q52. What is type 1 error?

Ans. is the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Q53. The knee joint replacement procedure doesn't cause nerve damage. Researchers
at a biomedical company wanted to test this hypothesis. However, the researchers made
Type I Error in concluding the result. Assuming null hypothesis is true which of the
following statements did they conclude?
Ans. Knee joint replacement causes nerve damage. (Check once)

Q54. What type of waste can be attributed to the following scenario?

There is always a long queue in front of the billing counter at a supermarket.
Ans. Waiting

Q55. If the call handling time increases with the number of weeks of experience an
agent has, then the correlation coefficient for handling time and experience would be:
Ans. B/W 0 and -1 / b/w 0 to +1 - correct

Q56. What is an operational definition?

Ans. It is the definition of terms in the measurement method - correct

Q57. Which of the following tools can be used for prioritizing VOC?
Ans. None of the above.- Affinity diagram- correct

Q58. Which of the following captures reworked units in a process as defects?

Ans. Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)

Q59. For a six sigma process what will be the value of Cpk?
Ans. 2

Q60. There are 40 opportunities for defect in, each sample of a product. QA inspector
randomly takes a sample of 500 products and identifies a total of 200 defects. Calculate
the DPMO value
Ans. 10000

Q61. Which of the following is the key responsibility of a process owner?

Ans. Provide resources and helps resolve conflicts.

Q62. The manager of customer service wants to survey a sample of customers from
different regions. Each region has different size of customer base, The manager is likely
to use :
Ans. Stratified random sampling
Q63. An improvement strategy for mistake-proofing to prevent defects (or
nonconformities) from arising during production processes:
Ans. Poka-Yoke

Q64. In six sigma methodology the concept of customer is applicable to:

Ans. Both internal and external customer

Q65. A process is said to stable when:

Ans. It is in control.

Q66. An automobile manufacturing company, wants to calculate the RPN with the
following data. Severity of defects: 7, Occurrence of defects: 8, Detection: 9. The RPN
corresponding to the data ls:
Ans. 504

Q67. What is a value stream?

Ans. The flow of activities, information and material, required for completing the process
of delivering a product / service to a customer from order receipt to order fulfilment.
And
Activities required to bring a service/ product from a customer request to fulfilment/ completion

Q68. When deciding on type of hypothesis test to be performed on variable data, the “t”
test will be used when:
Ans. N>30/ Sample size is small/ observation is less than 30
- Sample size has less than 30 observation

Q69. An economist wanted to determine if the monthly energy costs of families in Boston
have changed from the previous year when the median monthly cost was US $250. The
economist formed a random sample of 29 families and recorded their energy costs for
the current year. The economist decided to use One-Proportion Test to test the data.
Was the choice of test correct?
Ans. False (check Once) – correct

Q70. In the regression equation y: a + bx.”y” increases with "x ' in all
Ans. B is +ve.

Q71. When we have many categories of defects, which category of defects should we
choose first to solve:
Ans. Category with max impact on customer satisfaction.

Q72. For a Two-Sample t-Test the reported p-value is 0.10. at 95% confident level, what
should be the conclusion?
Ans. Fail to reject Null Hypothesis.

Q73. A control chart is used to:

Ans. Detect non- random variation in process.

Q74. Which of the following flowcharts enables us to assign responsibility for each
process step?
Ans. Process Flowchart.

Q75. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?

Ans. Median

Q76. Manually moving stock to staging area is an example of:

Ans. Waste of Motion

Q77. Under which sampling method every unit has equal chance of being selected?
Ans. Simple Random Sampling.

Q78. In the regression equation y = b0 + b1x, ‘x’ is referred to as the;

Ans. Independent variable.

Q79. Which is the most appropriate chart to use in case of variable data with subgroup
size larger than 8?
Ans. X bar S chart.

Q80. The term metrics most frequently refers to:

Ans. Scale of measurement.

Q81. We are introducing a new product. Which one of the following tools will be most
useful in minimizing problems?
Ans. FMEA

Q82. Which is the first step in process management system?

Ans. Documentation.

Q83. In a regression analysis, What is R- sq?

Ans. Amount of the variation in Y explained by the regression line. (Explained variation /
Total variation) / Only a and c - correct

Q84. Which of the following is not a solution selection technique?

Ans. One way –ANOVA

Q85. The most recommended method for collecting VOC is:

Ans. Survey

Q86. FMEA = Factor mode and effects analysis.

Q87. The Six Sigma framework for new process/new product design and development is
called:
Ans. DMADV or DFSS

Q88. Which of the following statements is/arc true for a normal distribution?
i. The mean, the median, the mode are equal.
ii. Approximately 68 percent of the values lie within one standard deviation (+1 ?) of
mean.
iii. It can be described in terms of its mean and its standard deviation.
Ans. i,ii,iii

Q89. A manufacturing company produced certain number of items. Upon inspecting

2000 Items 75 defects were found. What is the DPU?
Ans. 0.0375
Q90. Which of the following tools is used to prioritize customer requirements?
Ans. KANO model.

Q91. The TIMHWOOD concept is associated with the:

Ans. Waste Identification.

Q92. Which is the test to be used when you want to compare the pass percentage of two
batches of students?
Ans. 2 proportion test.

Q93. Whats does DPMO stand for?

Ans. Defects per million opportunities

Q94. If average number of orders for raw material was 100 and standard deviation was
5, what percentage of the orders fall in the range: 95 to 105?
Ans. 68%

Q95. A sample that will lead to incorrect conclusion about the population and which not
be representative of the population is:
Ans. Biased

Q96. Which of the following is not a data set shape?

Ans. Top Skewed

Q97. What is the purpose of a hypothesis test?

Ans. To statistically validate whether the observed difference between two sample
means is real or not.

Q98. Who sets SMART objectives for six sigma teams?

Ans. Apex Council

Q99. In a six sigma process, the expected defect level is below:

Ans. 3.4 DPMO

Q100.shoes

Q101. In hypothesis testing what does p-value signify?

Ans. Probability of Ho to be true

Q102. Special cause variation is:

Ans. Nonrandom and sporadic

Q103. Process baselining involves

Ans. Measurement of current process capability

Q104. An organization expects to derive a net income of $14,500 on a total investment

of $210,000. Calculate the ROI% for the organization.
Ans. 6.9%

Q105. The ability of a measurement instrument to detect the smallest unit of change in
measured value is called:
Ans. Sensitivity

Q106.Lean six sigma is a structured methodology for:

Ans. All of the above -
Reduction of process variability; improvement in a process performance, elimination of
waste

Q107. In FMEA, which of the following values is used to determine priorities for
preparing action plans?
Ans. RPN

Q108. If one commits the mistake of misinterpreting a common cause as a special

cause, which of the following will happen?
Ans. Process tampering

Q109. What is the range of values taken by coefficient of correlation – r?

Ans. -1 to +1

Q110. RACI
Ans. Responsible, accountable, consulted and informed

Q111. SIPOC
Ans. Supplier, Inputs, process, outputs, customers

Q112. Seiri
Ans. Sort out

Q113. Creator of concept “Six Sigma” at Motorola?

Ans. Bill Smith

Q114. If you can squeeze six standard deviations in between process average and
customer’s requirements, then what percentage of opportunities meet customer
requirements?
Ans. 99.99967%

Q115: Cause and effect/ Ishikawa diagram is also known as

Ans Fish Bone Diagram

Q116. Tag line used for lean?

Ans. War on waste

Q117. Which of the following histogram display two peaks?

Ans. Bimodal
Q118. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the term “AS-IN” process
mapping?
Ans. What the process “Actually Is”

Q119. Which of the following tool enables one to identify within and between subgroup
variation?
Ans. Run Chart

Q120. What does a pattern depicting six points in a row, all increasing or all decreasing,
but still within control limits means in a control chart?
Ans. Process is in control

Q121. Objective behind capturing VOC?

Ans. To gather customer requirements

Q122. A team wants to see if these is a relationship between ambient temperature and
the viscosity of a material. What type of tool would you use?
Ans. B Scatter Diagram

Extra - For categorical data its Scatter

For Discrete data its Chi Square

Q123. A popular ride sharing company is getting lot of criticism. It decides to capture the
voice of customers using listening posts. Which of the following tool is covered under
listening post?
Ans. Social Networking platforms

Q124. Which of the following is a method for validating the measurement system?
Ans. Attribute agreement analysis

Q125. What type of waste can be attributed to the following scenario? A bag
manufacturing company is producing more items than what the customer has ordered.
Answer. B. Over Production.

Q126. Which of the following flowchart explains who and what of a process?
Answer. A. Deployment chart

Q127. If you can squeeze six standard deviation in between process average and
customer requirements, 98.930 percent of opportunities meet customer requirements.
Identify whether the given statement is true or false.
Ans. False

Q128. Mistake proofing is also referred to as:

Ans. Poka-Yoke

Q129. The ability of measuring instruments to detect the smallest unit of change in
measured value is called:
Ans. Sensitivity

Q130. Purpose of six sigma

Ans. Reduce variation
1)What is trure about Scatter plot?
It shows straight line relationship between two variables

2) 2)Which tool will allow us to separate urgent problems from important problems?
Pareto chart

4)which of the following statements concerning the coefficient of simple linear correlation ,
r, is not true ?
The relationship between two variables must be non-collinear.

6)Which quality GURU is known for introduction to SPC – Control charts ?

Dr, Walter Shewhart

7)What is the defect?

A measurable characteristic not confirming to a customer requirement

8)Central tendency (Not)?

Mode

9)If two points falls beneath

Look for special causes

10)Process capability
Refers to the capability of a process to meet customer specifications

11)Histogram is also known as :

Frequency graph

12)Producing more than needed by the next step in the process of more than customer
needs is an example of which of the eight elements of waste?
Overproduction

13)what is six sigma ?

3 standard deviation from the average to the customer requirements where
99.99966 % of our opportunities meet customer requirements

14) Attribute agreement analysis is performed to :

Determine the variation in measurement of discrete data

15)Late deliveries on daily basis. Twenty deliveries are scheduled daily, what control
chart would you use?
Np

16)Project charter classifies what is expected out of the project.

17)The model that uses hierarchy of customer needs to priorotize the customer needs:
KANO Model

18)Focus of six sigma?

Reduce cost/reduce variation – a & c
19)For a 2- sample T-test the p-value reported is 0.03 what should be the conclusion?
Fail to reject Null hypothesis

20)Pareto chart can be constructed only on count data

Always true

21)If 10 breakfasts are served late out of 100 ordered in a hotel the DPMO is :
100,000

22)Measure of central tendency ?

Median

23)In which of the following cases will you fail to reject null hypothesis?
P&61 ;0.412

24)definition of confidence interval?

It is an estimated range of values likely to include population’s parameter

25)Metric measures the ratio of total number of defects to total number of units inspected
Answer B. DPU

26) Themes of Kaizen

Answer B,C,D
Pit stop, benchmark, Red tagging

27) Distribution of MOM

Answer B. Project Team Leader

28) Displayed data is an example of:

Answer – variable n continuous data

29) Hypothesis test is performed with variable data:

OPTION C & D.
Large – Greater than 30
Small – lesser than 30

30) which od the following is not a hypothesis test

Answer – c
Correlation

31) A company that sells shoes online has three regional shipping centers. Each shipping center uses
a different computer system to enter and process orders.
Answer C. ANOVA

32) Which of the following tool enables one to identify within and between subgroup variations?
OPTION C. Run Chart

33) Seiton refers to

Option B. Set in Order
34) Statistical process control or spc was conceptualized by
Walter A shewhart

35)Which of the following tools depicts a correlation between two variables

Option C. Scatter

36)Examples of Continuous data :

BCD
Avg repair time of a machine
Thickness of wire
Length of a cable

37) Non-value adding elements in a process

Abd
Rework
Excess transportation
Overproduction

38) reject the null hypothesis

Answer D.
P&61;0.037

39) The causes that are beyond the control of the present
Answer D
Non-continuous causes

40) Root cause analysis done

B
To brainstorm

41) Types of process maps

Bcd
SIPOC
Flow chart
Value stream mapping

42) Potential Process capability Cp

(USL – LSL)/6 sigma

43) Advantage of drawing box plot

All

44) A process consists of 4 steps. The yield for step 1 is 0.95

Calculate the RTY
65.4

45) According to LEAN methodology,

Answer BCD
Utilized talent
Scrap
Rework
46) Not included in a project charter
Answer: Defect summary

47) P stands for in SIPOC

SIPOC
Answer C. PROCESS

48)Process variation well under control :

Cp>1

49)SIPOC
Supplier
Input
Process
Output
Customer

50)technique used by lean?

Answer B. Kaizen

51)Value stream map :

Process cycle efficiency
Turnaround time of the entire cycle for the product to developed

52)Under what condition 2 sample test applied?

When 2 random independent samples are drawn

53) mean average handle time

Answer C. one-way anova

54) third step in solution testing

Answer B. Develop

55) three metrics used in cost benefit analysis

Answer. ABD
Return on investment
Return on asset
Return on equity

56) An organization wants to monitor

Answer. A. np cht

57) printer&34
Answer A. Motion

58)Not a solution selection technique :

One-way ANOVA

59)Any unit that contains one or more defects :

Defective
 60) A diagram which shows 20% o inputs
Pareto diagram