SEMESTER TERMINAL EXAMINATION, AUTUM 2020

M.A. T.Edu (4th Semester)

NAME: MAHAM MUNIR Course Name: Population Education II

ROLL NO: BV559039 Course Code: 6574

Q1. If you have to plan for the “enhancement of girl’s participation program”. What planning strategy
and planning approach will you use and why? Develop a program for this plan with all its necessary
processes.

Planning strategies

If I am going to plan a “program for girl’s participation enhancement” following strategies would be part
of it to make it more effective

1. First of all I would like to gain the necessary skills and knowledge regarding the approaches that
would be part of plan.
2. Planning would be divided into two levels macro and micro levels. Macro level planning include
examination of national goals regarding girl’s involvement then I will make a series of micro plan
actions. In micro planning level local situation is analyzed to find out issues and problems of girls
participation at that level.
3. My more focus will be on micro level planning because that’s where every practical things
planned. For this I would like to involve more local peoples in planning, implementation and
evaluation program. This will help to develop sense of responsibility, confidence and self
-reliance in the people of the community. This will leads to the solution of problems regarding
girl’s involvement from the community members in action.
4. The last strategy would be principle of coordination. I would evaluate already existing program
so that my program should not counter to already existing program. For this I would like to
coordinate to all government and non-government institution to obtain information regarding
my plan.

Integrated approach

I’m going to use integrated approach which is the combination of all approaches or combination
of approaches that would be needed in the program. In this approach local area peoples also
participating in planning. The first thing I would do is to contact the girls of that area so that I can know
reason behind their non-participation and find possibilities or solutions for it. Then I would like to
contact the family members of the individuals I contacted personally make them aware of the program,
importance of the program and also invite them to participate the program activities. Then I would tries
to initiate informal group discussion with the help of people of that local area. From those informal
discussion the issue, people’s expectations can be known. Then in those informal discussions can be
initiated about planning regarding this program and through including the ideas of local people we can
act on solutions together. When we involve the local people the hurdles would be lesser regarding the
implementation of the plan.
Enhancement of girl’s participation program

1. Situational Analysis

The first thing is to analysis of the actual situation in this following things should be analyzed to know
the insight of real situation

 Socio-cultural and religious characteristics which involves about the age, number, religious
affiliation, educational attainment, housing, nutrition, health etc.
 Physical conditions i.e. schools, colleges and universities present in that area for girls, condition
and facilities provided in those institutions.
 Economic conditions i.e. Prices of product, transportation, market, occupation of the families,
source of income for families etc.
 Girl’s enrollment in schools, colleges and universities.
 Figure out the number of girls out of school
2. Formulation of program objectives

Following would be the objective of this program

 To increase the enrolment of girls’ in educational institutions.

 To bring out of school girls back to school.
 To empower girls with relevant knowledge and skills.
 Support girls and the labor market, and to fully participate in society.
3. Preparation a plan for work
 Involving local people, family member and the target individuals.
 Enhance the facilities in educational institutions.
 Provide training programs for skills which are useful in that region.
 Conduct awareness campaign in region by involving local peoples.
 Involve funding organizations like UNESCO.
4. Implementing the plan
 The first step is to have a team of field worker who will help us implement this plan.
 The awareness campaign will be conducting by discussing with local peoples and clarifying the
doubts they have.
 The campaign of awareness would be conducted in inviduals or targeted participants home.
 Provide funds to the educational and training institution to have more girls enroll in the
institutions.
 Provide training to the teachers to help in the awareness regarding the participation of girls in
education.
5. Evaluating Accomplishment

In this step the outcome of the result would be evaluated in terms of

 How much enrollment of girls increased in educational institution?

 How many girls became skilled and use this as a source of earning?
 How much educational institution improved?
6. Reconsidering reexamining the situation
In this step the result of evaluation in terms of accomplishment of the program objectives, emerging
new problems, changing needs and aspirations and availability of resources, the entire program may
need to be reviewed and re planned to bring changing for improvement of the program.

Q2. Discuss the social developments which have posed challenges for population education planners
and administrators. Also propose alternatives to address those challenges.

Following are the social developments which has posed challenges for population education planners
and administration.

1. Ideology and beliefs

The biggest hurdle to population education is about the belief of people to control child birth is
considered as sin. And the ways of controlling birth are also consider as sin. Many religion are against
birth control which is an alarming thing. People relate this thing to religion and ignore the consequences
of it.

2. Values, custom and tradition

Custom, values and tradition has an important impact on population education. In joint family system
there is a rule not only the marriages are arranged by the family but also the sexual behavior of the
individual is very much influenced by his membership in the joint family. To have a child soon after
marriage is anxiously desired in such families. The birth of child is always welcomed especially so if it is a
boy for he adds more strength of a family and its prestige.

3. Desire for a son

The desire to have a son is a universal phenomenon and is especially very strong in tribal areas and
villages. That’s why fertility rate increases as people get more girls in search of son. Even the women
who had only daughters and could not give son rejected.

4. Social security for parents in old age

People in developing countries especially in backward areas where the cost of rearing children is low
and the benefits from them are high. It makes economic sense for people to have more children to rely
on them in their old ages. Such social setups is most likely to increase rate of fertility.

5. Social facilities of life

Non-provision of better facilities for life to people has also an alarming effect on population growth of
developing countries. It has been proved by many different studies that people who have luxuries and
basic good facilities of life tends to have a small family as they plan their future. The people who have
congested houses, living in slums and live in rural areas without the basic facilities of life usually have
more children as compared to the person living in posh areas having excess to every facility including
luxuries.

6. Recreation or modes of enjoyment

One of the dominant factor for the large families of poor and lower class people is the lack of desired
recreation and enjoyment modes available to them. They find their spouses as the sole source of
entertainment, enjoyment and recreation tempting to high sexual frequency with spouse which proves
to be an antecedent to increased fertility.

7. Education

Education is an important social factor which plays an important role in population growth. The
educated persons are health conscious they have smaller families as compare to uneducated people.
The educated person marriage delays due to process of gaining education leads to low fertility.

8. Occupation

Fertility and occupation are highly associated. Persons with collar jobs have relatively smaller families
than the one who are unskilled labors have larger families.

9. Race

Race identity is a physical fact that neither the individuals nor society can alter. Tribal races in the region
usually intend to have more children of their existence as a tribe or race.

10. Women status

The fertility is inversely correlated to education and employment of women. The most important reason
is the diversification in the activities of educated or employed women. Education of women in
developing countries is known decisively decreases fertility.

Solutions to the challenges

i. Educate the populace to maximum possible extent with at least target of 5% increase in literacy
rate per year.
ii. Minimize the gap between the social classes.
iii. Provide the recreational and other facilities of life to lower classes.
iv. Women education and participation in job should be encourages to control population growth.
v. The women should be given their basic right and place that they deserve in the society.
vi. Democracy in the society should be encouraged.
vii. Make people aware of benefits of small families and the disadvantages of large family.

Q3. Identify the training needs of the individuals for the poverty alleviation program. Propose a
training plan and ensure all the three main stages of training a plan must be reflected in the proposed
training plan.

Training plays a very important role in doing any task. People learn by trial error and finally reach closer
to the right path. Imparting the training for poverty alleviation program has following considerations

1. Trainer expertise

The first and the most effective thing is to find an expert person in the field of training people about
poverty. Who knows the field knowledge as well as the training skills. We need field trainers who can
train people some valuable skills that poor people use to get a proper source of earning.
 2. To get people ready for training

People who needs training firstly and more importantly needs to motivate regarding training about
poverty alleviation. Most population of this country is poor. Because of this situation these people
cannot afford the facility of education. Being uneducated and non-skilled let them stay at this point of
poverty for the rest of their lives. So, that’s why there is the need to make people skilled so that they
can have a good earning.

3. Proper funding

For establishing a training program proper funding is required. For this we need to contact people from
government and non-government as NGOs to support in this funding program. Proper funding requires
for training facilities, venue and many skilled person who can train other people.

Poverty alleviation training program

1. Preparatory stage

This stage includes all the planning that needs to be implemented. So the first thing we done is to
construct objectives. The objectives of poverty alleviation training program is to

 To end child labor

 To end the class status discrimination
 To increase the number of income generating people
 To empower the poor to improve their access to livelihood opportunities.
 Provision of awareness of adequate resources for financing the poverty reduction programs

After objective formulation we need to decide about the funding requires for training of people.

2. Implementing the training

 We will make categories of different skills and for each skill training there will be a specific
trainer.
 After getting the skill training people will train to know about how to get opportunities for
themselves and when they are settles make opportunities for others.
 In implementation we will choose the role playing technique or exemplary people who use
training as the way to change their lives.
 We train people on skills as wood work, electrician, plumber, mechanics etc., to get them some
skills.
 We let people know in this step how to gain opportunities using these skills.
 Another important thing is to take loans from organization like EHSAS programs or any other
government program to get their business started. And train them how to run these small
businesses.
3. Evaluating training
 In the evaluation stage we evaluate how much outcomes of the training program links to the
objective of the training.
 We will evaluate the number of people get loans started their business, how its going and
whether they return the loan or not.
 Whether people use their skills they learned during training to earn money for their family and
themselves to have a better lifestyle or not.
 Do people face less discrimination regarding their class or not.
 Then we will take feedback from the trainees regarding the effectiveness of the training
program. Whether training help them in alleviating poverty or not.
 Then we will take feedback about how this training session can be improved both from trainers
as well as from trainees.
 Feedback will also be taken about the process, the climate of the training session as well as the
training place, relationship between participants and trainer, the general attitude of trainer and
trainees, training material and methods.