Give at least 3 Types of fuels used in aircraft.

1. Jet fuel (Jet A-1 type aviation fuel, also called JP-1A) - This is a carefully refined, light
petroleum. The fuel type is kerosene.
2. Kerosene-gasoline mixture (Jet B) - This aviation fuel is used for military jets.
3. Aviation gasoline (avgas) - Only aircraft with a gasoline engine can be operated with
avgas.
4. Biokerosene- is a mixture of kerosene and biofuels that the aviation industry has been
testing for several years in numerous test flights. 

Give the 5 certification of airworthiness standards found in 14 CFR.

1. 14 CFR Part 23—Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category
Airplanes
2. 14 CFR Part 25—Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes
3. 14 CFR Part 27—Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft
4. 14 CFR Part 29—Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft
5. 14 CFR Part 33—Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines

Give the main contaminants that reduce the quality of fuel.

1. Water contamination- Whenever the temperature of the fuel decreases, some of the water
particles that are suspended in the fuel are drawn out of the solution and slowly accumulate at
low points in the system.
2. Microbial growth- Certain bacteria and fungi thrive in water where it interfaces with jet fuel.
These microorganisms feed off alkanes and additives in the fuel.
3. Particulates- From dirt and sand getting in open ports to degradation of fuel system lines,
particulates are constantly being introduced to fuel systems.
4. Protecting open fuel lines- Any time a fuel cell is opened up, there is a big potential for debris to
be introduced into the system.

TEST II. DEFINITION OF TERMS. Define the following terms briefly.

1. Fuel Independence- is independence or autarky regarding energy resources, energy supply

and/or energy generation by the energy industry.

2. Fuel System Lightning Protection- design must be fault-tolerant for failures that result in
lightning-related ignition sources.

TEST III. ESSAY.

Draw an example of aircraft fuel tank. Provide a simple explanation or overview of the said fuel tank.