Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick?

A. Infant
B. Toddler
C. Adolescent
D. Young Adult

Correct

Correct Answer: B. Toddler

Option B: Regression is most seen among toddlers and it can be caused by stressful situations such as
hospitalization, the arrival of a new sibling, or starting a new school. When a child regresses, he or she
appears to be going backward in an earlier stage of development where he or she feels comfortable (e.g.
toilet trained toddlers suddenly start wetting their pants when they become sick, thumbsucking).
Options A, C, and D: Regression may happen in these age groups but it is more common in toddler
years.

One of the participants attending a parenting class asks the teacher “What is the leading cause of death
during the first month of life?

A. Bacterial sepsis
B. Respiratory distress of newborn
C. SIDS
D. Neonatal hemorrhage

Correct

Correct Answer: C. SIDS

Option C: According to the CDC, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains to be one of the
leading causes of infant death. Around 1,300 infants died in 2018 due to this condition. SIDS is defined
as the sudden and unexplained death of a baby younger than 1-year-old. Most of the deaths happened
between the ages of one and 6 months. Factors that increase the risk of SIDS include stomach sleeping,
a sibling who died of SIDS, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, exposure to secondhand smoking,
sleeping areas containing soft blankets pillows, or toys, and a lack of prenatal care.
Options A, B, and D: Sepsis, respiratory distress of newborn, and neonatal hemorrhage are also part of
the leading causes of infant mortality but occur less often than SIDS.

Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding the development of personal
identity?
 A. Adolescence
 B. Toddlerhood
  C. Middle Childhood
 D. Young adulthood
Correct
Correct Answer: A. Adolescence
 Option A: Although it occurs throughout one’s lifetime, Identity development is considered to
be the primary psychosocial task of adolescence or as described by Erickson on identity versus
identity confusion. Individuals in this stage start to integrate their values, abilities, inner drives,
and past experiences into who they are as persons.
 Option B: Toddlers at their age focus on developing their physical, emotional, cognitive,
language, and motor skills.
 Option C: Middle childhood is a stage where children learn skills that will help them build social
relationships that will prepare them for adolescence.
 Option D: Young adulthood would focus on building intimate and loving relationships with other
people.

Which age group would have the most tendency towards eating disorders?

 A. Adolescence

 B. Toddlerhood

 C. Preschool

 D. Infancy

Correct

Correct Answer: A. Adolescence

 Option A: Adolescent stage is the time where the body starts to change and with factors
including exposure from media and peer pressure that provides them the perception of an
ideal body image which would then affect their dietary behaviors leading to eating
disorders.
 Options B and C: This is the age group where they become picky eaters but it would not
lead to serious eating disorders.
 Option D: During infancy, infants’ eating habit is characterized by a transition from
consuming breastmilk or formula to consuming solid foods.

A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of
the newborn infant. Using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the
mother to
  A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
 B. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant
 C. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying
 D. Allow the infant to cry, once lessen, then attend to the infant
Correct
Correct Answer: A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
 Options A and B: According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn
infant’s needs at all times but must allow the newborn infant to signal needs. If a newborn is not
allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment.
 Options C and D: Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn’s signal
would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.

A mother of a three (3)-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and having
temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to:
 A. Punish the child every time the child says “no”, to change the behavior
 B. Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period
 C. Set limits on the child’s behavior
 D. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs
Correct
Correct Answer: C. Set limits on the child’s behavior
 Option C: Being consistent and setting limits on the child’s behavior are the necessary elements
in order for the toddler to learn what is acceptable so they can understand the impact of their
behaviors.
 Options A and D: Saying things like “no” or “mine” and having temper tantrums are common
during this period of development.
 Option B: According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years.
Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents’ wishes.

The parents of a two (2)-year-old boy arrive at a hospital for a visit. The child is in the playroom when
the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the
parents. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating that:
 A. The child is withdrawn
 B. The child is self-centered
 C. The child has adjusted to the hospitalized setting
 D. This is a normal pattern
Correct
Correct Answer: D. This is a normal pattern
 Options A, B, C, and D: The phases through which young children progress when separated from
their parents include protest, despair, and denial, or detachment. In the stage of protest, when
the parents return, the child readily goes to them. In the stage of despair, the child may not
 approach them readily or may cling to a parent. In denial or detachment, when the parents
return, the child becomes cheerful, interested in the environment and new persons (seemingly
unaware of the lost parents), friendly with the staff, and interested in developing superficial
relationships.

The mother of a three (3)-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time
and bedtime. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother?
 A. Do not allow the child to have the bottle
 B. Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime
 C. Allow the bottle if it contains juice
 D. Allow the bottle if it contains water
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D. Allow the bottle if it contains water
 Option D: It is recommended that parents should wean their children off the bottle at 15-18
months of age. But If a bottle is still attached to the child at 3 years of age during naptime or
bedtime, it should contain only water to prevent the risk of dental caries.
 Options A, B, and C: A toddler should never be allowed to fall asleep with a bottle containing
milk, juice, soda, or sweetened water because frequent and long exposure to drinks containing
sugar may cause tooth decay and cavities.
A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a two (2)-year-old. Which of the following does the
nurse expect to observe in this child?
 A. Uses a fork to eat
 B. Uses a cup to drink
 C. Uses a knife for cutting food
 D. Pours own milk into a cup
Correct
Correct Answer: B. Uses a cup to drink
 Option B: By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some
spilling.
 Option A: By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork.
 Options C and D: By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a
cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.

A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a five (5)-month-old infant. The nurse determines
that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant:
 A. Uses simple words such as “mama”
 B. Uses monosyllabic babbling
 C. Links syllables together
 D. Coos when comforted
Correct
Correct Answer: B. Uses monosyllabic babbling
  Option B: Monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6 months of age. The infant starts to
produce vowels and combines them with consonants, producing syllables (e.g., ba, da, la, ga).
 Option A: Using simple words such as “mama” occurs between 9 and 12 months.
 Option C: Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months.
 Option D: Cooing is the production of a single syllable, vowel-like sound like “aah”. It begins at
birth and continues until 2 months. It is considered the first vocal milestone of a baby.

A nurse is preparing to care for a five (5)-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of
the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that, which of the following is the most appropriate activity
for this child?
 A. Large picture books
 B. A radio
 C. Crayons and coloring book
 D. A sports video
Correct
Correct Answer: C. Crayons and coloring book
 Option C: In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as
crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh.
 Option A: Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant where they start to show
interest in seeing books with pictures.
 Options B and D: A radio and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.

A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed.
Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and
development?
 A. Allow the family to bring in the child’s favorite computer games
 B. Encourage the parents to room-in with the child
 C. Encourage the child to rest and read
 D. Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group
when the condition permits
Correct
Correct Answer: D. Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age
group when the condition permits
 Option D: Adolescents often are not sure whether they want their parents with them when they
are hospitalized. Because of the importance of the peer group, separation from friends is a
source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the peer group will support their ill friend.
 Options A, B, and C: These can isolate the child from the peer group.

A 16 year old boy is hospitalized, according to Erik Erikson, what is an appropriate intervention?
 A. Tell the friends to visit the child
 B. Encourage the boy to learn missed school lessons
 C. Call the priest to intervene
  D. Ask the patient’s girlfriend to visit
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A. Tell the friends to visit the child
 Option A: A 16-year-old child is in the stage of identity vs role confusion. The most significant
persons in this group are their peers.
 Option B: This is appropriate for children in the school-age where they need to feel productive.
 Option C: The child is not dying and the situation did not even talk about the child’s belief
therefore, calling the priest is unnecessary.
 Option D: Allowing the patient’s girlfriend is applicable to an adolescent in the Erickson stage of
intimacy vs isolation.

Which of the following best describes the development of a school-age child. Select all that apply.
 A. Death has yet no meaning
 B. Same-sex peers are more important than family
 C. School-age children are concerned about how they appear to others
 D. Children enjoys playing board games and sports
 E. Causes of injuries include bicycle crashes, head injuries, and sprains
Incorrect
Correct Answer: B, D, and E
 Options B, D, and E: School-age children feel a greater sense of affiliation with peers of the
same sex and prefer socializing with them over family members; With a decreased attention
span, play for school-age children lean towards following rules designed by others such as board
games and sports; With an increase in motor skills, and independence, school-age children are
prone to injuries that are caused by their physical activities.
 Option A: School-age children start to have an understanding of death and often view it as
someone who “goes to heaven”.
 Option C: School-aged children are not particularly concerned about how they appear from
others but rather are more concerned with understanding social roles and responsibilities.

A clinical instructor asks a nursing student to report about the psychosexual stages of development by
Sigmund Freud. Which of the following explains the latency period. Select all that apply.
 A. No psychosexual development takes place during this stage
 B. Energy is directed to physical and intellectual activities
 C. This stage begins at puberty and constitutes mature adult sexuality
 D. Males have a tendency to develop Oedipus Complex
 E. Children spend more time interacting with same-sex peers
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A, B, and E
 Options A, B, and E: At the latency stage, sexual drives are dormant. The stage begins around
the time that children enter school and become more concerned about school work, hobbies,
 and peer relationships. Children also usually engage in activities with peers of the same sex,
which serves to consolidate a child’s gender-role identity.
 Option C: This refers to the genital stage where it begins in puberty. Adolescents develop
mature sexual feelings and experience pleasure from sexual relationships with others.
 Option D: This refers to the phallic stage when children discover physical sexual differences.
Children develop an incestuous desire for the opposite-sex parent (Oedipus Complex).

The nurse is preparing to care for a toddler who is admitted due to fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. The
doctor diagnosed the child with acute gastroenteritis. Which interventions are appropriate for the child?
Select all that apply.
 A. Limit parental presence to promote faster recovery
 B. Inform the child of his scheduled ultrasound on day 5 of his hospitalization
 C. Allow to bring his favorite pillow or provide activity e.g., blowing bubbles
 D. Allow the child to hold the thermometer before getting the temperature
Correct
Correct Answer: C and D
 Options C and D: Allowing the child to bring familiar objects such as a favorite pillow or blanket
to promote comfort; Letting the child hold medical equipment will lessen the fear and stress
from the toddler.
 Option A: Parental stay in the hospital is encouraged instead to combat separation anxiety and
the fear of being abandoned.
 Option B: A toddler should be told at least a day or two prior to a procedure. An announcement
that is too advanced would make the child more anxious.

Kim and her daughter Jane went grocery shopping to only buy essential things needed at home. As they
went along the different sections of the store, Jane saw a limited-edition Barbie doll. She is tempted to
get it but decides not to grab it for fear of being slapped. This behavior of Jane is considered to be in
what stage of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?
 A. Conventional Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
 B. Preconventional Stage 1: Punishment/Obedience Orientation
 C. Conventional Stage 2: Law and Order Orientation
 D. Preconventional Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Correct
Correct Answer: B. Preconventional Stage 1: Punishment/Obedience Orientation
 Option B: Jane is in the preconventional level stage 1 where judgment is motivated by fear of
punishment. Children in this stage are responsive to rules that will affect their physical well-
being.
 Option A: This is the stage where proper behavior is driven by social approval.
 Option C: This is the stage where obeying laws is one’s duty to society and a sign of respect for
authority.
 Option D: This is the stage where a person bases heavily on obtaining a reward or exchanging
favors.
The nurse is caring for the mother of a newborn. The nurse recognizes that the mother needs more
teaching regarding cord care because she
 A. Keeps the cord exposed to the air
 B. Washes her hands before sponge bathing her baby
 C. Washes the cord and surrounding area well with water at each diaper change
 D. Checks it daily for bleeding and drainage
Correct
Correct Answer: C. Washes the cord and surrounding area well with water at each diaper change
 Option C: Washing the surrounding area is fine but wetting the umbilical cord predisposes it to
infection. The cord is kept dry and it will eventually fall off within one to three weeks after birth.
 Option A: Exposure to air helps dry the cord.
 Option B: Good hand washing is the prime mechanism for preventing infection.
 Option D: It is important to check for complications of bleeding and drainage that might occur.

25) The culture we grow up in shapes our ideas about:

a) Right and wrong
b) What to strive for
c) What kind of emotions are called for in certain situations
*d) All of the above

28) Appreciating cultural differences and understanding that cultural practices are best understood from
the standpoint of that particular culture is called:
a) Ethnodiversity
b) Multiculturalism
*c) Cultural relativity
d) Universalism

32) The number of years since your birth is your:

*a) Chronological age
b) Biological age
c) Psychological age
d) Social age

33) How quickly the body is aging, including how good our physical functioning is, is called our:
a) Chronological age
*b) Biological age
c) Psychological age
d) Social age

34) Our cognitive capacity, adaptability, and emotional beliefs about aging are part of our:
a) Chronological age
b) Biological age
*c) Psychological age
d) Social age
35) The social norms of our culture and the expectations our culture has for people of our age group
determine our:
a) Chronological age
b) Biological age
c) Psychological age
*d) Social age

According to Erikson’s theory, developing a well-defined and positive sense of self in relation to others is
the main task of which crisis?
a) Initiative vs. guilt
*b) Identity vs. role confusion
c) Industry vs. inferiority
d) Intimacy vs. isolation

65) According to Erikson’s theory, during our first year and a half after birth we must resolve the crisis
of:
*a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Ego integrity vs. despair
d) Identity vs. role confusion

66) According to Erikson’s theory, someone who becomes independent by exploring, manipulating, and
taking action has successfully resolved the crisis of:
a) Industry vs. inferiority
b) Ego integrity vs. despair
c) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
*d) Initiative vs. guilt

67) According to Erikson’s theory, we develop the ability to give and receive love and make long-term
commitments while resolving which crisis?
a) Generativity vs. stagnation
b) Identity vs. role confusion
c) Trust vs. mistrust
*d) Intimacy vs. isolation

68) According to Erikson’s theory, someone who develops an acceptance of their life as it was lived has
successfully resolved the crisis of:
a) Intimacy vs. isolation
b) Generativity vs. stagnation
c) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
*d) Ego integrity vs. despair

23) Approximately how much time does a newborn sleep during a 24-hour period?
*a) 16 hours
b) 24 hours
c) 8 hours
d) 10 hours

26) __________ are involuntary movements in response to stimulation.

a) Action potentials
*b) Reflexes
c) Gross motor skills
d) Fine motor skills

27) The _________ reflex involves turning the head when the cheek is touched.
a) Babinski
b) Moro
c) Tonic neck
*d) Rooting

28) The _________ reflex involves the toes fanning out and curling when the sole of the foot is stroked
from heel to toe.
*a) Babinski
b) Moro
c) Tonic neck
d) Rooting

30) Reflexes are useful because they:

a) Offer pediatricians insight into the maturation and health of the nervous system
b) Are important to feeding (such as the rooting and sucking reflexes)
c) Are primitive forms of voluntary behaviors (such as grasping and stepping)
*d) All of the above

31) __________ development occurs from head to tail.

a) Proximodistal
b) Iatrogenic
*c) Cephalocaudal
d) Nosocomial

32) Babies learn to hold their heads up before they learn to walk. This is an example of _________
development.
a) Proximodistal
b) Iatrogenic
*c) Cephalocaudal
d) Nosocomial

33) __________ development occurs from the middle outward.

*a) Proximodistal
b) Iatrogenic
c) Cephalocaudal
d) Nosocomial

36) _______ motor skills focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of
small actions.
a) Gross
*b) Fine
c) Hypertonic
d) Hypotonic

37) Using a spoon is an example of a ________ motor skill.

a) Gross
*b) Fine
c) Hypertonic
d) Hypotonic

38) _______ motor skills focus on large muscle groups that control our head, torso, arms and legs and
involve larger movements.
*a) Gross
b) Fine
c) Hypertonic
d) Hypotonic

39) Running and jumping are examples of _________ motor skills.

*a) Gross
b) Fine
c) Hypertonic
d) Hypotonic

40) Which typically develops first in infants, the palmer grasp or the pincer grasp?
*a) Palmer
b) Pincer
c) Trick question! Infants never develop either one
d) Trick question! They usually develop at the same time

41) Grasping an object using the forefinger and thumb is called the:
a) Limbic grasp
b) Infantile grasp
*c) Pincer grasp
d) Palmer grasp

42) Grasping an object using the hand and fingers, but not the thumb, is called the:
a) Limbic grasp
b) Infantile grasp
c) Pincer grasp
*d) Palmer grasp

43) Which of the following senses appears to be least developed at birth?

a) Hearing
b) Touch
*c) Vision
d) Smell
44) A newborns’ visual acuity is about:
a) 20/20
*b) 20/400
c) 20/15
d) 20/25

45) Infants will best be able to see things that:

a) Are close to their faces (instead of far away)
b) Have big patterns (instead of small ones)
c) Contain high contrast colors like black and white (instead of pastels)
*d) All of the above

46) Typically, infants can perceive depth in both real life and pictures by:
a) 1 month of age
b) 4 months of age
*c) 6 months of age
d) 1 year of age

47) Infants typically prefer to look at:

a) Faces instead of other patterns
b) Patterns instead of solid colors
c) Unusual images instead of familiar ones
*d) All of the above

58) In general, babies who are fed breast milk have:

a) Fewer instances of diarrhea and upset stomachs
b) Lower rates of asthma, diabetes, and SIDS
c) Lower rates of ear and respiratory infections
*d) All of the above

59) In general, women who breastfeed have:

a) Lower rates of breast and ovarian cancer
b) Uterine contractions that help the uterus regain its normal size
c) Reduced risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
*d) All of the above

61) According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a sign that an infant is ready for solid
foods?
a) Can sit up without needing support
b) Is able to move foods from the front to the back of the mouth
*c) Has developed at least four teeth
d) Shows interest in foods others are eating

62) Which of the following statements about introducing solid foods to babies is FALSE?
a) New foods should be introduced one at a time to check for allergies and allow the baby to adjust
*b) Honey is a safe natural sweetener for babies
c) Foods that are sticky, cut into large chunks, and firm and round should be avoided as they are a
choking hazard
d) Iron-fortified infant cereals mixed with breast milk or formula are usually the best first options

72) The first stage of cognitive development in Piaget’s theory is the:

a) Concrete operational period
b) Preoperational period
*c) Sensorimotor period
d) Formal operational period
73) Piaget’s sensorimotor period has six substages. In which substage does the infant begin to actively
involve their own body in some form of repeated activity?
a) Coordination of secondary circular reactions
b) Beginning of representational thought
c) Secondary circular reactions
*d) Primary circular reactions

74) Piaget’s sensorimotor period has six substages. In which substage does the infant begin to interact
with objects in the environment, first accidentally and then deliberately?
a) Coordination of secondary circular reactions
b) Beginning of representational thought
*c) Secondary circular reactions
d) Primary circular reactions

108) ____________, an area in front of the left hemisphere near the motor cortex, is responsible for
language production.
a) Wernicke’s area
*b) Broca’s area
c) Cerebellum
d) Hippocampus

109) ____________, an area of the brain next to the auditory cortex, is responsible for language
comprehension.
*a) Wernicke’s area
b) Broca’s area
c) Cerebellum
d) Hippocampus

110) The term __________ refers to the innate characteristics of the infant, including mood, activity
level, and emotional reactivity, noticeable soon after birth.
a) Personality
b) Equilibrium
*c) Temperament
d) Habituation

115) The term _________ refers to how well the interaction styles and communication patterns
between infants and their parents match.
a) Habituation
b) Personality
c) Stephosymbolia
*d) Goodness of fit
116) The term __________ refers to an individual’s consistent pattern of feeling, thinking, and behaving.
*a) Personality
b) Equilibrium
c) Temperament
d) Habituation

118) Infants begin to smile at other people who engage their positive attention at around:
*a) Two months of age
b) Four months of age
c) Six months of age
d) One year of age

119) Fear in response to the presence of a stranger is called:

a) Separation anxiety
*b) Stranger wariness
c) Social referencing
d) Emotional self-regulation

120) Fear in response to the departure of significant others is called:

*a) Separation anxiety
b) Stranger wariness
c) Social referencing
d) Emotional self-regulation

121) The process whereby infants seek out information from others to clarify a situation and then use
that information to act is called:
a) Separation anxiety
b) Stranger wariness
*c) Social referencing
d) Emotional self-regulation

122) The process whereby we use strategies to control our emotional states so that we can attain goals
is called:
a) Separation anxiety
b) Stranger wariness
c) Social referencing
*d) Emotional self-regulation

123) Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?

*a) Shame
b) Sadness
c) Anger
d) Fear

124) Which of the following is NOT a self-conscious emotion?

a) Doubt
b) Envy
*c) Disgust
d) Pride

125) The ability to experience emotions such as shame and pride requires the development of:
a) Secure attachment
b) Language skills
c) Fine motor skills
*d) A self-concept

126) The realization that you are separate from others is called:
a) Self-concept
*b) Self-awareness
c) Self-esteem
d) Self-serving bias

127) ___________ is the close bond with a caregiver from which the infant derives a sense of security.
*a) Attachment
b) Couvade
c) Secure base
d) Contact comfort

128) The infant's need for physical closeness and touching is referred to as
a) Attachment
b) Couvade
c) Secure base
*d) Contact comfort

129) ___________ is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the
surroundings.
a) Attachment
b) Couvade
*c) Secure base
d) Contact comfort

130) Freud believed that infants became attached to their mothers because:
a) He was weird
*b) He believed that infants gained pleasure from sucking and mouthing objects, so the person who fed
them would become their source of security and comfort
c) He did several experiments with monkeys in laboratory settings that demonstrated this
d) He observed babies interact in different settings and drew conclusions from naturalistic observation

131) According to Bowlby, which of the following is NOT required in order for infants to form healthy
attachments with their parents?
a) The caregiver must be responsive to the child’s physical, social, and emotional needs
*b) The infant must successfully resolve the crisis of Trust vs. Mistrust
c) The caregiver and child must engage in mutually enjoyable interactions
d) Trick question! Bowlby believed that all of these things were required for healthy attachment
132) According to Erikson, which of the following is required in order for infants to successfully resolve
the crisis of Trust vs. Mistrust?
*a) The caregiver must be consistently responsive to the child’s needs
b) The caregiver must co-sleep with the infant
c) The caregiver must set firm limits on the infant
d) All of the above

133) Which of the following is NOT part of the Strange Situation?

a) Unfamiliar environment
b) Presence of stranger
c) Absence of caregiver
*d) All the furniture is nailed to the ceiling

134) Which of the following situations could result in the infant failing to successfully resolve the crisis of
Trust vs. Mistrust?
a) A caregiver is unavailable, either emotionally or physically
b) A child is born prematurely or has medical problems
c) A caregiver is ill-prepared to care for a child
*d) All of the above

135) In the Strange Situation, a child with a secure attachment will typically:
*a) Explore the environment, be upset when the caregiver leaves, and calm down when the caregiver
returns
b) Cling to the caregiver, be upset when the caregiver leaves, but remain upset when the caregiver
returns
c) Avoid or ignore the mother and show little reaction when separated or reunited
d) Behave in inconsistent ways, such as approaching the mother and then freezing

136) In the Strange Situation, a child with a disorganized attachment will typically:
a) Explore the environment, be upset when the caregiver leaves, and calm down when the caregiver
returns
b) Cling to the caregiver, be upset when the caregiver leaves, but remain upset when the caregiver
returns
c) Avoid or ignore the mother and show little reaction when separated or reunited
*d) Behave in inconsistent ways, such as approaching the mother and then freezing

137) In the Strange Situation, a child with an avoidant attachment will typically:
a) Explore the environment, be upset when the caregiver leaves, and calm down when the caregiver
returns
b) Cling to the caregiver, be upset when the caregiver leaves, but remain upset when the caregiver
returns
*c) Avoid or ignore the mother and show little reaction when separated or reunited
d) Behave in inconsistent ways, such as approaching the mother and then freezing

138) In the Strange Situation, a child with an ambivalent attachment will typically:
a) Explore the environment, be upset when the caregiver leaves, and calm down when the caregiver
returns
*b) Cling to the caregiver, be upset when the caregiver leaves, but remain upset when the caregiver
returns
c) Avoid or ignore the mother and show little reaction when separated or reunited
d) Behave in inconsistent ways, such as approaching the mother and then freezing

139) During the Strange Situation, Chaska explores the environment, is upset when his mother leaves,
and is comforted when she returns. His attachment style can best be described as:
*a) Secure
b) Ambivalent
c) Avoidant
d) Disorganized

140) During the Strange Situation, Mei pays little attention to her mother and doesn’t seem to care
whether or not she’s present. Her attachment style can best be described as:
a) Secure
b) Ambivalent
*c) Avoidant
d) Disorganized

141) During the Strange Situation, Nnenne clings to her mother, is upset when her mother leaves, but
does not calm down her mother returns. Her attachment style can best be described as:
a) Secure
*b) Ambivalent
c) Avoidant
d) Disorganized

142) During the Strange Situation, Iyad seems disoriented in the environment, is upset when his mother
leaves, but ignores her when she returns. His attachment style can best be described as:
a) Secure
b) Ambivalent
c) Avoidant
*d) Disorganized

143) In the United States, the most common attachment style appears to be:
*a) Secure
b) Ambivalent
c) Avoidant
d) Disorganized

153) According to Erikson, if a caregiver is overly anxious about the toddler’s actions for fear that the
child will get hurt or violate others’ expectations, the toddler may fail to successfully achieve:
a) Trust
*b) Autonomy
c) Industry
d) Initiative

6) The human brain reaches 95% of its adult weight by the time a child is:
a) 1 year old
b) 3 years old
*c) 6 years old
d) 10 years old

12) Which of the following fine motor skills could be seen in a 3-year-old, but not a 2-year-old?
a) Can turn a doorknob
b) Can look through a book turning one page at a time
*c) Drawing a person with 3 parts
d) Building a tower of 6-7 cubes

13) Which of the following fine motor skills could be seen in a 4-year-old, but not a 3-year-old?
a) Can copy a circle
*b) Can cut out a picture using scissors
c) Builds tower of 9 blocks
d) Feeding self easily

14) Which of the following fine motor skills could be seen in a 5-year-old, but not a 4-year-old?
a) Drawing a square
b) Managing a spoon and fork neatly while eating
c) Putting on clothes properly
*d) Using a knife to spread soft foods

15) Which of the following gross motor skills could be seen in a 3-year-old, but not a 2-year-old?
a) Can kick a ball without losing balance
b) Can pick up objects while standing, without losing balance
*c) Can pedal a tricycle
d Can run with some coordination

16) Which of the following gross motor skills could be seen in a 4-year-old, but not a 3-year-old?
a) Can pedal a tricycle
*b) Throws a ball overhand with coordination
c) Can briefly balance and hop on one foot
d) May walk up stairs with alternating feet (without holding the rail)

17) Which of the following gross motor skills could be seen in a 5-year-old, but not a 4-year-old?
*a) Stays balanced while standing on one foot with eyes closed
b) Hops on 1 foot without losing balance
c) Throws a ball overhand with coordination
d) Using a knife to spread soft foods

18) Nyawira can build a block tower of more than 9 cubes. Assuming that her motor skill development is
on track, this tells us that she must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
*b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
19) Bowie is able to put on simple clothes without help. Assuming that his motor skill development is on
track, this tells us that he must be at least ________ years old.
*a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

20) Josh can copy a triangle. Assuming that his motor skill development is on track, this tells us that he
must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
*d) 5

21) Jessica can cut out a picture using scissors. Assuming that her motor skill development is on track,
this tells us that she must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
b) 3
*c) 4
d) 5

22) Minah can pedal a tricycle. Assuming that her motor skill development is on track, this tells us that
she must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
*b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

23) Aaron can stay balanced while standing on one foot with eyes closed. Assuming that his motor skill
development is on track, this tells us that he must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
*d) 5

24) Catori can kick a ball without losing balance. Assuming that her motor skill development is on track,
this tells us that she must be at least ________ years old.
*a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

25) Peter can throw a ball overhand with coordination. Assuming that his motor skill development is on
track, this tells us that he must be at least ________ years old.
a) 2
b) 3
*c) 4
d) 5
28) ____________ is the repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether deliberate or accidental.
a) Encopresis
*b) Enuresis
c) Scotoma
d) Coprolalia

29) ____________ is the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, whether deliberate or
accidental.
*a) Encopresis
b) Enuresis
c) Scotoma
d) Coprolalia

34) Which of the following is NOT recommended for encouraging the development of healthy eating
habits in children?
a) Try to keep a positive atmosphere at mealtime
b) Limit choices
*c) Use dessert as a way to get children to eat healthy foods
d) Prepare the same meal for everyone

35) In Piaget’s ___________ stage of development, children use symbols to represent words, images,
and ideas.
a) Sensorimotor
b) Concrete operational
c) Formal operational
*d) Preoperational

36) In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the term “operational” refers to:
a) Understanding cause and effect
b) Being able to engage in deferred imitation
*c) Logical manipulation of information
d) Being able to use symbols to convey meaning

37) The _________ substage of the preoperational stage is characterized by the child being able to
mentally represent an object that is not present and a dependence on perception in problem solving.
a) Animistic
*b) Symbolic function
c) Egocentric
d) Intuitive thought

38) The _________ substage of the preoperational stage is marked by greater dependence on intuitive
thinking rather than just perception.
a) Animistic
b) Symbolic function
c) Egocentric
*d) Intuitive thought
39) Piaget believed that children’s pretend play:
a) Was pointless and a waste of time
b) Helped children solidify new schemata they were developing
c) Helped children learn
*d) Both b) and c)

94) In Kohlberg’s theory of morality, a person whose moral reasoning is based on care for others and
being a good member of society is using __________ morality.
a) Preconventional
*b) Conventional
c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional

95) In Kohlberg’s theory of morality, a person who reasons about right and wrong based on higher,
universal ethical principles of conduct that may or may not be reflected in the law is using __________
morality.
a) Preconventional
b) Conventional
*c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional

96) Simon obeys his parents’ rules because he is afraid he will be punished if he doesn’t. He is using
__________ morality.
*a) Preconventional
b) Conventional
c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional

97) Nina finds someone’s wallet and returns it because she knows the person who lost it will want it
back, and she doesn’t want them to be inconvenienced. She is using __________ morality.
a) Preconventional
*b) Conventional
c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional

98) Charles feels that it’s unfair that women get paid less than men do, so he participates in a protest
march to try to encourage lawmakers to pass equal pay standards. He is using _________ morality.
a) Preconventional
b) Conventional
*c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional

99) Kohlberg’s theory of morality has been criticized on the grounds that it:
a) May not adequately account for gender differences in moral reasoning
b) May not adequately account for cultural differences in moral reasoning
c) Does not always show a connection between reasoning and behavior
*d) All of the above
1) During adolescence, growth proceeds from the extremities toward the torso. This is referred to as:
*a) Distalproximal development
b) Mass-to-specific development
c) Rostral-causal development
d) Pubertial-sequential development

2) Your textbook defines puberty as:

a) The time in life when our physical abilities peak
*b) A period of rapid growth and sexual maturation
c) The brain’s process of removing unnecessary synapses
d) The myelination of the axons in our frontal lobes

6) The term “menarche” refers to:

a) The age gap between when girls and boys experience puberty
b) The height/weight growth patterns in puberty
*c) The first menstrual period
d) Racial and ethnic differences in average height and weight

7) The term “spermarche” refers to:

a) The age gap between when girls and boys experience puberty
b) The increased muscle mass typically experienced by boys during puberty
*c) The first ejaculation of semen
d) The tendency for boys to be taller and heavier than girls

17) The changes that occur in adolescents’ brains allow the brain to:
a) Work more efficiently
b) Better integrate memory and experiences into decision-making
c) Consolidate skills already learned, like language
*d) All of the above

27) As adolescents go through puberty, their circadian rhythms change. The effect of this change is that:
a) Adolescents stay awake later
b) Adolescents have more difficulty getting up in the morning
*c) Both a) and b)

65) Erikson believed that the primary psychosocial task of adolescence was:
a) Doing well in school
*b) Establishing an identity
c) Forming close relationships with peers
d) Internalizing parents’ rules and morals