SYNOPSIS

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1) Name of the student :-

2) Enrollment number :-

3) Class roll number :-

4) Proposed Topic :-

5) Course :-

6) College name :-

7) SYNOPSIS:-

7.1 Introduction:-

Modern civilization cannot be imagined without the use of paper. Large amount of
papers are being used in everyday life; among them most of are treated as useless and
they are thrown here and there after using. Sometimes it causes environmental
pollution. Today, 90% of paper pulp is made of wood. Paper production accounts for
about 35% of felled trees, and represents 1.2% of the world's total economic output.
Recycling one ton of newsprint saves about 1 ton of wood while recycling 1 ton of
printing or copier paper saves more than 2 tons of wood. So, it is the necessity of
paper waste management to save the environment from its annihilation and pollution.
Newsprint papers, Printing paper and tissue can be made by this recycling process that
can be repeated at least 5 to seven times. The ratio of waste paper and water is a vital
factor in the paper recycling process. So the motive was to find out the desirable

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waste paper and water ratio, analysis the quality and decide the usefulness of the
particular need. In this experiment the best pulp was obtained at a ratio of 100 gram
paper and 4 liters of water. The grammage value of the paperboard was 315.58 gm/m
2 , bulk was 2.535x10 -06 m 3 /gm., moisture content 16%, absorption time 5.4
second and tensile strength was 4.58 kPa. Though the recycled paper from this paper
recycling machine are not so smooth and thin as like the produced paper from mill by
wood, they can be used for banner, title, poster cards; also for making box where
numbering or leveling is very easy. Automatic recycling machine will increase the
turnover ratio significantly and the use of plate heater will be an advantage to heat in
wet condition.

7.2 Relevance:-.

Papermaking and producing paper from recycled materials came to the United
States simultaneously in 1690, when William Rittenhouse, who had learned to make
paper in Germany, founded America's first paper mill on Monoshone Creek near
Germantown, which is now Philadelphia. Rittenhouse made his paper from discarded
rags of cotton and linen[1]. On April 28, 1800, an English papermaker named
Matthias Koops was granted the first patent for paper recycling-English patent no.
2392, titled Extracting Ink from Paper and converting such Paper into Pulp. In his
patent application, Koops described his process as, "An invention made by me of
extracting printing and writing ink from printed and written paper, and converting the
paper from which the ink is extracted into pulp, and making thereof paper fit for
writing, printing, and other purposes[2]." In 1801, Koops opened a mill in England
that was the first in the world to produce paper from material other than cotton and
linen rags-specifically from recycled paper. Two years later, the Koops mill
declared bankruptcy and closed, but Koops' patented paper-recycling process was
later used by paper mills all over the world. As early as 1921, Britain established
the British Waste paper Association to encourage waste paper reuse. Recycling has
become a major industry in the United States, employing thousands of workers and
saving energy, reducing land fill demand, and conserving valuable resources. In

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2010, 63.5 percent of the paper used in the United States was recovered for
recycling Approximately 80 percent of U.S. paper mills use some recovered paper
fiber to produce new paper and paperboard products. The first Australian paper mill to
use recycled material was built in 1815 - it used recycled rags to make paper. Waste
paper collections from households and factories started in Melbourne in the 1920s. In
Bangladesh paper production mainly depends on pulp made from wood. But it is
necessary to recycle paper in Bangladesh to save the environment from pollution.
Fransiab Limited Company, Habib Trading Corporation, Holy Trading Corporation,
the Angles Corporation, Prokiti Hardware Company are the leading companies
who have started paper recycling. It is the first project on paper recycling at CUET.
Recently Eusufzai Z. (2012) has made the hand operated pulper machine to make pulp
[5]. I have carried out the other process of paper recycling and testing according to my
project proposal submitted.

7.3 Literature Survey:-

In view of the above, following references are reviewed

[1] Counsell T.A.M and Allwood J.M (2005), Desktop Paper Recycling: A survey of
novel technologies that might recycle office paper within the office, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology 173 (2006) 111-123

[2] Kenneth W.B (1970), Handbook on Pulp and Paper Technology, 2nd edition, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Co. , New York.

[3] Perry R. H. (1984), Green D.W. , Perry’s Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th
edition, McGraw-Hill, USA.

[4] Sinnot R.K (1984), Coulsons and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering , Volume 6,
3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, U.K

[5] Eusufzai Z. (2012), Design and fabrication of Paper Recycling Machine, Chapter
– 4, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering &
Technology

Gap-

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By Analyzing of above it is found that the paper recycling process is bit coplex we
will focus on particular type of the process where grinding mixing and hardening is
done. We will try to make a small mill which can recycle paper and handen it by
pneumatic compression.

Concluding remark-
The development of manually operated paper recycling process is much cheaper
than the automated paper production process. It can serve dual purposes, it can
be manned permanently at a stationary position or it could be shifted from one place
to another as the case may be. One great advantage to be derived from the use of this
process is that the cost of running it is minimal compared to what it takes to run a full
plant. The simplicity of operation of this machine ensures that no too much technical
skill is needed to operate it. In addition it is an environment friendly process. As my
recycling process is manual, so if it can be automatic electric motor operated then
recycled paper will more practical and turnover ratio will increase with a large
amount. Then the recycle paper would be perfect for writing. As sunlight is needed
for heating purpose, in rainy season it will be difficult to heat. So a plate heater can be
used for heating purpose

7.2 Proposed work:-

8 Paper recycling generally involves the collecting of waste paper, sorting them by
their types, processing them into raw materials and manufacturing new products
using these recycled raw materials. The whole process is briefly described below.
To start the paper recycling process, the waste paper needs to be sorted such as
by newsprint, computer paper, magazine paper etc, as different types of paper are
treated differently during the paper recycling process to make different types of

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 recycled paper products. The sorted paper is usually soaked in a pulper, which
contain water and chemicals. The waste paper is shreds into small pieces. Heating
the mixture breaks the paper down more quickly into tiny strands of cellulose
(organic plant material) called fibers. Eventually the old paper turns into a mushy
mixture called pulp. The pulp is forced through screens containing holes and slots
of various shapes and sizes. The screen removes small contaminants such as bits
of plastic and globs of glue. This process is called screening. In addition, the pulp
may also be spun around in large cone-shaped cylinders. Heavy contaminants (e
g. Staples) are thrown out of the cone via centripetal forces, while lighter
contaminants collect in the center of the cone and are removed. This process
is called cleaning. The next stage in the paper recycling process involves
deinking – removing the ink from the paper fibers of the waste paper. Sticky
materials (referred to as “stickies”) like glue residue and adhesives are also
removed at this stage. During refining the pulp is beaten to make recycled fibers
swell, making them ideal for paper making. If the pulp contains any large
bundles of fibers, refining separates them into individual fibers. If the
recovered paper is colored, color stripping chemicals remove the dyes from the
paper. Then if white recycled paper is being made, the pulp may need to be
bleached with hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide or oxygen to make it whiter
and brighter. If brown recycled paper is being made, such as that used for
industrial paper towels, the pulp does not need to be bleached.
9 In the last stage of the paper recycling process, the cleaned up pulp is ready to be
made into recycled paper. The recycled fiber can be used alone, or blended with
new wood fibers (i.e. virgin fibers) to give it extra strength or smoothness. The
pulp is mixed with water and chemicals, such that the pulp is 99.5% water. This
watery pulp mixture then enters the head box of a paper making machine, and is
sprayed in a continuous jet onto a huge wire mesh-like screen moving very
quickly through the paper machine. On the screen, water starts to drain from the
pulp, and the recycled fibers begin to bond together to form a watery sheet. The
sheet then moves rapidly through a series of felt-covered press rollers which
squeeze out more water from the pulp. In this way recycled paper is created. The

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 following equipment is necessary for the experimental setup of paper recycling
process: Pulper, Screener, Roller.

b)Methodology:-

1. The design and fabrication of Paper recycling machine

2. By using suitable Experimental set up / load application for machine

stress analysis of Paper recycling machine

3. To build up a 3-D solid parametric modal Paper recycling machine by

using CAD,CATIA software etc.

4. To find out the modal analysis of Paper recycling machine

5. To compare and validate the result obtained by visible quality of paper we

made and compare its life.

c) Facilities available and requirement:-

The following facilities are available to meet the requirement for carrying out
the dissertation work.

Sr.No Facility Required Facility available at

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 .
1.
2
3

D) Expected date of completion of project:- May 2016

e) References:-

[1] Counsell T.A.M and Allwood J.M (2005), Desktop Paper Recycling: A survey of
novel technologies that might recycle office paper within the office, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology 173 (2006) 111-123
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[2] Kenneth W.B (1970), Handbook on Pulp and Paper Technology, 2nd edition, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Co. , New York.

[3] Perry R. H. (1984), Green D.W. , Perry’s Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th
edition, McGraw-Hill, USA.

[4] Sinnot R.K (1984), Coulsons and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering , Volume 6,
3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, U.K

[5] Eusufzai Z. (2012), Design and fabrication of Paper Recycling Machine, Chapter
– 4, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering &
Technology

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