Geo Design Procedures

®
Geoweb System
Design
Procedures &
Methodologies
Geoweb® System Design
Procedures & Methodologies
Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology
GW30V6 Earth Retention

Design Procedure
NCMA SRWall Earth Retention /

Geoweb System Design Procedure
THE GEOWEB LOAD SUPPORT SYSTEM
DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR GRANULAR PAVEMENTS
SURFACE
GEOWEB SECTION
AGGREGATE SUBBASE
SUBGRADE
THE GEOWEB GRANULAR PAVEMENT SYSTEM
SURFACE
GEOWEB SECTION
INFILL
SUBBASE
GEOTEXTILE
SUBGRADE
PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY, P.O. BOX 2399, APPLETON, W ISCONSIN, USA 54912-2399
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
e-mail: info@prestogeo.com www.prestogeo.com/
Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................1
Design Methodology Assumptions ................................................................................................................2
Design Methodology Limitations ...................................................................................................................2
Design Chart Assumptions............................................................................................................................2
Design Procedures ........................................................................................................................................3
Step 1 Determining the Correct Design Chart ..........................................................................................3
Step 2 Determining the Subgrade Type & Strength .................................................................................4
Step 3 Using the Design Charts ...............................................................................................................4
Figure 1 GW30V6 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Delivery & Utility Trucks ..............................5
Figure 5 GW30V6 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks ...................9
Figure 6 GW30V6 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks .................10
Figure 10 GW30V8 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks ...............14
Figure 13 GW30V8 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Off-Highway Trucks ................................17
Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................24
Introduction
This document provides design charts for project evaluation of typical Geoweb granular pavement load
support systems. The document is to be used as a quick reference to determine whether the Geoweb
system can be used to economically solve a given load support problem.
The design charts can be used to determine total aggregate thickness requirements for granular-surfaced
pavements (e.g. access, utility and haul roads) both with and without the Geoweb system. The design
method for determining total thickness requirements of unconfined granular pavements (without the
Geoweb system) is based on the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) method for design of haul roads.
Empirically derived bearing capacity coefficients are used to determine the maximum allowable stress on
a subgrade with either a known or estimated shear strength. The maximum allowable stress is that
stress which would cause local punching / shear failure of the subgrade under sustained loading
conditions. Since granular pavement loads are transient, the effective strength of the soil is typically
higher than it would be under static loading. Boussinesq theory is used to determine the required
granular cover depth beneath the wheel load to ensure that the maximum allowable stress is not
exceeded. The charts are intended for preliminary project evaluation of low volume roads where minor
deformations are tolerable or for evaluation of granular pavement subbase layers over soft soils. The
charts are not intended for design of flexible pavement structures with surfaces pavements. Finally the
charts are only applicable for granular pavements over cohesive subgrade soils with CBR values less
than 3.5.
The total required thickness of a structurally equivalent granular pavement confined with the Geoweb
system is a function of
• the Geoweb cell depth,
• the Geoweb section’s depth of placement within the structure,
• the wheel load,
• the tire pressure and
• the infill material properties.
Surface stress (i.e. wheel load contact pressure) is distributed both vertically and horizontally through the
Geoweb cell structure. Horizontal stresses are converted into vertical resisting stresses along the cell
walls reducing the total vertical stress directly beneath the center of the loaded area. The total resisting
stress provided by the Geoweb cell structure is calculated and added to the maximum allowable stress on
the subgrade to determine the total required thickness of granular pavement with the Geoweb system.
Refer to The Geoweb Load Support System Design Methodology for Granular Pavements for additional
information regarding the design theory used to develop the design charts in this document.
27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 1 OF 14

Design Methodology Assumptions

The theoretical approach to Geoweb cellular confinement system granular pavement design is based on
the assumptions:
• that the effective diameter of the design wheel load is approximately equal to the effective
diameter of the individual Geoweb cell and
• that stress reduction on the subgrade, directly below the center of the loaded area, is attributed to
stress transfer from the loaded cell(s) to the cells surrounding the loaded area.
The effective diameter of very heavy wheel loads may be significantly larger than the diameter of the
individual cell so that vertical stresses spread over a much larger area than a single cell. Therefore, the
calculated stress and thickness reduction beneath the Geoweb system may be under-conservative. For
this reason, design charts were developed to limit the maximum reduction in pavement thickness to 2½
times the depth of the Geoweb section. This safe limitation is based on results of large scale testing of
confined and unconfined granular pavements at the Royal Military College of Canada. Test results indicate
that Geoweb sections, with granular infill, are structurally equivalent to unconfined granular fills that are
2 - 2½ times the thickness of the Geoweb section.
Design Methodology Limitations

1. Situations may occur where actual project input variables are outside the chart’s defined limits. If
project specific variables are not within the range defined by the design charts, contact the
technical support group at Presto Products Company.
2. The charts are limited to design of unpaved access roads over weak (cohesive) subgrade soils
and are not intended for design of flexible pavement structures with asphalt concrete or portland
cement concrete surfaces.
3. The charts are not intended for design analysis of static footing loads.
4. The charts are not intended for design analysis of railroad trackbed.
5. The charts are not intended for design analysis of high embankments over weak soils where the
weight of the embankment may cause failure through the embankment fill and the foundation soil.
6. The charts do not consider possible thickness reduction due to the inclusion of geosynthetic
materials (e.g. geogrids and/or geotextiles) in conjunction with the Geoweb system.
Design Chart Assumptions

1. Number of passes of the design axle/wheel load ≤ 10,000
2. Bearing capacity coefficient, N = 2.8
The USFS guidelines suggest that a bearing capacity coefficient of 2.8 be used for design of haul
roads with high traffic and low rutting.
3. Depth or granular material over the top of the Geoweb system, zt = 25 mm (1 in)
4. Geoweb cell infill is well-graded aggregate with a minimum angle-of-internal-friction, φ = 35°
5. Geoweb strip type – textured with or without perforations
Note: The design charts are not applicable to smooth wall Geoweb sections.
6. Geoweb cell wall / aggregate infill peak friction angle ratio, r = 0.83
PAGE 2 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Design Procedures
Step 1 Determining the Correct Design Chart
Determine the appropriate design chart(s) based on the known design wheel-load.
Where there is no specific chart for a known design wheel load, locate the charts based on wheel loads
less than and greater than the known design wheel load. Determine the required thickness’ for both
wheel loads and interpolate to determine the required thickness for the known wheel load.
Design charts are provided for the following wheel loads and Geoweb cell depths.
Design Chart for Geoweb Cell Type

Designs Based on GW30V GW20V
Charts Based on Cu CBR Cu CBR
Delivery & Utility Trucks

(Wheel Load, P = 13.3 kN (3,000 lbf)) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Using Geoweb Cell Depth, H = 150 mm (6 in)
Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks

Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks

Off-Highway Trucks
(Wheel Load, P = 89 kN (20,000 lbf)) Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16
Off-Highway Trucks
(Wheel Load, P = 89 kN (20,000 lbf))
Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20
Using two layers of 150 mm (6 in) Geoweb Cell
Depth, H = 300 mm (12 in)

Step 2 Determining the Subgrade Type & Strength

Determine the subgrade strength in terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or unconfined shear
strength. If specific soils testing data is not available, the subgrade strength may be estimated by the
field identification methods listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Correlation of Subgrade Soil Strength Parameters for Cohesive (Fine-Grained) Soils
Standard
California Undrained Penetration
Bearing Ratio Shear Strength Resistance
Field Identification Method
CBR cu SPT
% kPa (psi) blows / 0.3 m
(1.0 ft)
< 11.7 Very soft (extruded between fingers when

< 0.4 <2
(1.7) squeezed)
11.7 - 24.1
0.4 - 0.8 2-4 Soft (molded by light finger pressure)
(1.7) - (3.5)
24.1 - 47.6
0.8 - 1.6 4-8 Medium (molded by strong finger pressure)
(3.5) - (6.9)
47.6 - 95.8 Stiff (readily indented by thumb but
1.6 - 3.2 8 - 15
(6.9) - (13.9) penetrated with great effort)
95.8 - 191
3.2 - 6.4 15 - 30 Very stiff (readily indented by thumbnail)
(13.9) - (27.7)
> 191
> 6.4 > 30 Hard (indented with difficulty by thumbnail)
(27.7)
Step 3 Using the Design Charts

Using the appropriate design chart(s), locate the subgrade strength on the horizontal axes (CBR or Shear
Strength) and move vertically up or down the chart to intercept the curves for Unreinforced and Geoweb
Reinforced sections. At the intersection with each curve, move horizontal over on the chart to intercept
the vertical axes. Determine the Total Structural Thickness of the granular pavement, with and without
the Geoweb system, in either meters or inches.
If the total required thickness is greater than the surface thickness (i.e. depth of granular material over
the Geoweb section) plus the thickness of the Geoweb section, a subbase layer is required. The
thickness of the subbase layer must be equal to the total required thickness minus the surface thickness
and the Geoweb section thickness.

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00
Geoweb Reinforced 36
Total Structural Thickness (in)

Total Structural Thickness (m)
0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Subgrade Shear Strength (kPa)
Figure 1 GW30V6 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Delivery & Utility Trucks
Maximum Wheel Load, P = 13.3 kN (3,000 lbf) & Tire Pressure, p = 552 kPa (80 psi)

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45
Subgrade Strength (CBR)


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Figure 5 GW30V6 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Figure 13 GW30V8 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Off-Highway Trucks

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced


30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00

0.80 Unknown
30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced

0.80 Unknown
30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45


0.0 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.8 7.3 8.7 10.2 11.6 13.1 14.5
1.20
42
Unreinforced
1.00

0.80 Unknown
30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.20
42
1.00 Unreinforced
36
Geoweb Reinforced

0.80 Unknown
30
0.60 24
18
0.40
12
0.20
6
0.00 0
0.00 0.35 0.69 1.04 1.38 1.73 2.07 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.45
Disclaimer
This document has been prepared for the benefit of customers interested in the Presto Geoweb Load
Support System. It was reviewed carefully prior to publication. Presto Products Company assumes no
liability and makes no guarantee or warranty as to its accuracy or completeness. Final determination of
the suitability of any information of material for the use contemplated, or for its manner of use, is the sole
responsibility of the user.
Geoweb® is a registered trademark of Presto Products Company

Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology

Design Procedure

THE GEOWEB LOAD SUPPORT SYSTEM DESIGN
METHODOLOGY FOR GRANULAR PAVEMENTS
Shear
Surface
Shear
Surface
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Design Methodology Assumptions & Limitations .......................................................................................... 1
Design Parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Subgrade shear strength, cu ....................................................................................................... 1
2. Design traffic ............................................................................................................................... 2
3. Design wheel load, P, and Contact pressure, p .......................................................................... 2
4. Angle of internal friction of the cell infill material, φ. .................................................................... 2
5. Angle of shear resistance between the granular infill and Geoweb cell walls, δ ......................... 2
Calculations................................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Determine the subgrade shear strength.................................................................................... 2
2. Determine the maximum allowable stress on the subgrade, qa ................................................ 3
3. Determine the Effective Radius of the Design Wheel Load ...................................................... 3
4. Determine the required thickness of granular pavement, zU, without the Geoweb
system................................................................................................................................. 3
5. Determine the required thickness of granular pavement, zG, with the Geoweb system............ 3
Table 1 Correlation of Subgrade Soil Strength Parameters for Cohesive (Fine-Grained )
Soils .................................................................................................................................... 7
Table 2 Peak Friction Angle Ratios (r = δ/φ) ................................................................................... 7
Table 3 Definition of Terms............................................................................................................. 8
Introduction
The Geoweb Load Support System Design Methodology for Granular Pavements provides all of the
equations required to calculate aggregate thickness requirements for granular-surfaced pavements (e.g.
access, utility and haul roads) both with and without the Geoweb system. Empirically derived bearing
capacity coefficients are used to determine the maximum allowable stress on a subgrade with either a
known or estimated shear strength. The maximum allowable stress is that stress which would cause local
punching / shear failure of the subgrade under sustained loading conditions. Since granular pavement
loads are transient, the effective strength of the soil is typically higher than it would be under static loading.
Therefore, the maximum allowable stress is the limiting stress for design purposes. Boussinesq theory is
used to determine the required depth of granular cover beneath the design wheel load to ensure that the
maximum allowable stress is not exceeded. The worksheet, contained in this document, is intended for
preliminary design of low volume roads where minor deformations are tolerable or for design of pavement
subbase layers over soft soils. The worksheet is not intended for design of flexible pavement structures
with paved surfaces. Finally the worksheet calculations are only valid for granular pavement design over
cohesive subgrade soils with CBR values less than 3.5.
Design Methodology Assumptions & Limitations

The theoretical approach to Geoweb cellular confinement system granular pavement design is based on
the assumptions:
• that the effective diameter of the design wheel load is approximately equal to the effective diameter of
the individual Geoweb cell and
• that stress reduction on the subgrade, directly below the center of the loaded area, is attributed to
stress transfer from the loaded cell(s) to the cells surrounding the loaded area.
The effective diameter of very heavy wheel loads may be significantly larger than the diameter of the
individual cell so that vertical stresses spread over a much larger area than a single cell. Therefore, the
calculated stress and thickness reduction beneath the Geoweb system may be under-conservative. For
this reason, design charts were developed to limit the maximum reduction in pavement thickness to 2½
times the depth of the Geoweb section. This safe limitation is based on results of large scale testing of
confined and unconfined granular pavements at the Royal Military College of Canada. Test results indicate
that Geoweb sections, with granular infill, are structurally equivalent to unconfined granular fills that are
2 - 2½ times the thickness of the Geoweb section.
Design Parameters
1. Subgrade shear strength, cu
There are several laboratory and field test methods available to determine strength of subgrade soils for
design purposes. The worksheet calculations require soil strength to be expressed in terms of shear
strength or cohesion. Shear strength can be determined in the field by the vane shear test or, in the
laboratory, by the shear box or tri-axial compression tests. Soil strength is also commonly determined by
the Standard Penetration Test and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. For cohesive soils, shear
strength of a soil can be estimated from the standard penetration resistance (N) or the CBR by referring to
Table 1. In the absence of field or laboratory test data, the strength of the subgrade soil can be estimated
by it’s consistency (see the Field Identification Method column of Table 1). When estimating a soil’s
strength by it’s consistency, the soil sample should be taken from a test pit which is deep enough to
ensure it’s properties have not been affected by changing surface conditions (e.g. rain water, hot dry
weather, etc.).

Obtain at least one of the following subgrade strength values for design.
Standard penetration resistance, N = blows / 300 mm (/ft)
California Bearing Ratio, CBR = %
Shear strength, cu = kPa (psi)
2. Design traffic
Determine whether the granular pavement is intended for low or high traffic volumes according to the
following criteria.
Low Traffic, Passes ≤ 1000
High Traffic, 1000 ≥ Passes ≤ 10000
3. Design wheel load, P, and Contact pressure, p

The design wheel load is the heaviest single or dual wheel load that the granular pavement will be
required to support over the life of the structure.
Wheel load, P = ________ kN (lb), Tire pressure, p = ________ kPa (psi)
4. Angle of internal friction of the cell infill material, φ.

For compacted granular materials, the angle of internal friction can be within a range of 30° to 40°. The
higher the quality of the granular material (e.g. angularity, gradation, hardness, etc.) the higher the angle
of internal friction will be.
5. Angle of shear resistance between the granular infill and Geoweb cell walls, δ
The angle of shear resistance between the infill material and the Geoweb cell walls will vary depending
upon the gradation and particle angularity of the infill material and the roughness of the cell walls or the
size and spacing of perforations in the cell walls.
Shear box tests have been carried out to determine angles of shear resistance between the Geoweb cell
surface treatments and typical granular materials. The results are expressed in terms of peak friction
angle ratios, r, where r is the angle of shear resistance between the granular infill and the Geoweb cell
walls divided by the peak angle of friction of the infill material. Peak friction angle ratios for Geoweb
system surface treatments and typical compacted granular materials are given in Table 2.
Calculations
1. Determine the subgrade shear strength.
Refer to Table 1 if the subgrade strength is
reported in terms of Standard Penetration Shear Strength, cu = ________ kPa (psi)
Resistance, CBR or by Field Identification.

2. Determine the maximum allowable stress on the subgrade, qa

q a = Nc c u
where: NC = 2.8 - High Traffic, Low Rutting – from
U.S. Forest Service guidelines qa = ________ x ________ = ________ kPa (psi)
NC = 3.3 – Low Traffic, High Rutting - from

U.S. Forest Service guidelines
3. Determine the Effective Radius of the Design Wheel Load
P
R= R=
pπ π
R = ________ m (in)
4. Determine the required thickness of granular pavement, zU, without the Geoweb
system.
Use the Boussinesq equation for estimating vertical stress at a given depth below a circular load.
R
z= zU =
1 1
-1 -1
2/3 2/3
 qa   
1 -  1 - 
 p 
   
zU = ________ m (in)
This is the total required thickness of granular pavement without Geoweb cellular confinement.
5. Determine the required thickness of granular pavement, zG, with the Geoweb system.
The total required thickness of granular pavement with Geoweb cellular confinement is a function of the
Geoweb cell depth, it’s depth of placement within the structure, the wheel load and tire pressure and the
infill material properties. Surface stress (i.e. wheel load contact pressure) is distributed both vertically and
horizontally through the Geoweb cell structure. Horizontal stresses are, in turn, converted into vertical
resisting stresses along the cell walls thus reducing the total vertical stress directly beneath the center of
the loaded area. The total resisting stress provided by the Geoweb cell structure is calculated and added
to the maximum allowable stress on the subgrade for determination of the total required thickness of
granular pavement with Geoweb cellular confinement.
5.1. The first step is to select the depth of Geoweb
section placement within the granular
pavement structure. Since vertical stresses are
higher near the surface, optimum performance
and maximum thickness reduction are obtained Select the depth of Geoweb section placement (i.e.
by placing the Geoweb section as close to the depth to the top of the Geoweb section), zt
surface as possible. On the other hand, in zt = ________ m (in)
order to protect the top of the Geoweb cell
walls, a 0.025 m - 0.050 m (one - two inch)
aggregate wearing surface is typically
recommended.

5.2. Calculate the vertical stress at the top, σvt, and bottom, σvb, of the Geoweb section using the following
equation.
 3 
   2
 
   
1
σ = p 1 −   
v   2 
 R  
 1+   

 z 
 
 3 
   2
   
  1  
σ =  1 −   
vt  2
Vertical stress at the top of the Geoweb section, σvt
    
 1+    

     
σvt = ________ kPa (psi)

To determine the vertical stress, σvb at the bottom
of the Geoweb section, determine the bottom
zb = zt + H = ________ m (in)
depth, zb, which is the top depth plus the thickness
(or depth) of the Geoweb section.
 3 
   2
 
   
 
1
 
Vertical stress at the bottom of the Geoweb section, σ = 1 − 
vb  2
σvb.     
1+   
  
     
σvb = ________ kPa (psi)

5.3. Calculate the horizontal stress at the top, σht, and bottom, σhb, of the Geoweb section using the
following equations.
σh = K a σ v
where: Ka is the coefficient of active earth
pressure.
K a = tan 2  45 − φ  
K a = tan 2  45 −

 2
 2 
Horizontal stress at the top of the Geoweb section. σht = ( _______ x _______ ) = _______ kPa (psi)
Horizontal stress at the bottom of the Geoweb
σhb = ( _______ x _______ ) = _______ kPa (psi)
section.

5.4. Calculate the average horizontal stress on the

Geoweb cell walls using the following equation.
σ avge =
(σ ht + σ hb ) σavge = ( ______ + ______ )/2 = ______ kPa (psi)
2
5.5. Calculate the reduction in stress, σr, directly beneath the center of the loaded area due to stress
transfer to the Geoweb cell walls using the following equation.
H
σ r = 2σ avge tanδ 
D
where: H = Geoweb cell depth H = ________ m (in)
D = Effective Geoweb cell diameter D = ________ m (in)
DGW20V = 0.019 m (7.5 in)

DGW30V = 0.242 m (9.5 in)
δ = rφ = Angle of shearing resistance between
granular infill material and Geoweb cell walls.
where: r = peak angle ratio from Table 2 δ = rφ = ________ x ________ = ________°
φ = angle of internal friction of the Geoweb
cell infill material
H σr = 2 x ______ x tan ______ x ( ______ / _____ )

from σ r = 2σ avge tanδ 
D σr = ________ kPa (psi)
5.6. Determine the ‘design’ allowable stress, qG, on the subgrade with Geoweb cellular confinement using
the following equation.
qG = qa + σ r qG = ________ + ________ = ________ kPa (psi)
5.7. Determine the total required thickness of granular pavement, zG, with Geoweb cellular confinement.
R
zG = zG =
1 1
2
−1 −1
2
 qG  3
  3
1 −  1 − 
 p   
 
zG = ________ m (in)
5.8. Determine the calculated thickness reduction Calculated thickness reduction,
and compare with the maximum recommended
zU – zG = ________ m (in)
thickness reduction.
Maximum recommended thickness reduction,
1.5 x H = ________ m (in)

5.9. Adjust the total required thickness of granular

pavement, zG, with Geoweb cellular If zU – zG > 2.5 x H, then,
confinement, if the calculated thickness
reduction is greater than the recommended zG = zU – (2.5 x H) = ________ m (in)
maximum thickness reduction.
5.10. If the total required thickness is greater
than the surface thickness (i.e. depth to the top
of the Geoweb section) plus the thickness of
the Geoweb section, a subbase layer is
zsb = zG – zt – H = ________ m (in)
required. The thickness of the subbase layer
must be equal to the total required thickness
minus the surface thickness and the Geoweb
section thickness.

Table 1 Correlation of Subgrade Soil Strength Parameters for Cohesive (Fine-Grained ) Soils
Standard
California Undrained
Penetration
Bearing Ratio Shear Strength
Resistance
Field Identification Method
CBR cu
SPT
% kPa (psi)
blows / 0.3 m (ft)
< 11.7 Very soft (extruded between fingers when

< 0.4 <2 squeezed)
(1.7)
11.7 - 24.1
0.4 - 0.8 2-4 Soft (molded by light finger pressure)
(1.7) - (3.5)
24.1 - 47.6
0.8 - 1.6 4-8 Medium (molded by strong finger pressure)
(3.5) - (6.9)
47.6 - 95.8 Stiff (readily indented by thumb but
1.6 - 3.2 8 - 15
(6.9) - (13.9) penetrated with great effort)
95.8 - 191
3.2 - 6.4 15 - 30 Very stiff (readily indented by thumbnail)
(13.9) - (27.7)
> 191
> 6.4 > 30 Hard (indented with difficulty by thumbnail)
(27.7)
Table 2 Peak Friction Angle Ratios (r = δ/φ

φ)
Granular Infill Material Geoweb Cell Type Peak Friction Angle Ratio
Smooth (not available) 0.71
Coarse Sand Textured 0.88
Textured Perforated 0.90
Fine Sand Textured 0.90
Crushed Stone Textured 0.72

Table 3 Definition of Terms
Term Unit Definition

φ degrees Angle of Internal Friction of the Geoweb Cell Infill Material
δ degrees Angle of Shear Resistance between the Granular Infill Material and the
Geoweb Cell Wall
σavge kPa (psi) Average Horizontal Stress on the Geoweb Cell Walls
σh kPa (psi) Horizontal Stress (active earth pressure) at a known depth in a soil
σhb kPa (psi) Horizontal Stress in the Infill Material at the Bottom of the Geoweb Cell
σht kPa (psi) Horizontal Stress in the Infill Material at the Top of the Geoweb Cell
σr kPa (psi) Stress Reduction resulting from Stress Transfer to the Geoweb Cell
σv kPa (psi) Vertical Stress at a known depth in a homogeneous, isotropic soil beneath a
circular load (Boussinesq)
σvb kPa (psi) Vertical Stress in the Infill Material at the Bottom of the Geoweb Cell
σvt kPa (psi) Vertical Stress in the Infill Material at the Top of the Geoweb Cell
CBR % California Bearing Ratio
cu kPa (psi) Subgrade Shear Strength
D m (in) Effective Geoweb Cell Diameter
H m (in) Geoweb Cell Depth
Ka dimensionless Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure
N blows/300 mm (/ft) Standard Penetration Resistance
Nc dimensionless Bearing Capacity Coefficient (varies with design number of traffic passes - after
US Forest Service guidelines)
P kN (lb) Design (maximum) Wheel Load
p kPa (psi) Tire Pressure
qa kPa (psi) Maximum Allowable Stress on the Subgrade Material
qG kPa (psi) Design Allowable Stress on the Subgrade Material
r dimensionless Peak Friction Angle Ratio of δ/φ
R m (in) Effective Radius of Loaded Area caused by a Tire Group
z m (in) Depth directly below a circular load, P
zb m (in) Depth of Granular Pavement to the base of the Geoweb Section
zG m (in) Total required depth of the confined Granular Pavement including the surface
layer, Geoweb section depth and subbase (if required)
zt m (in) Depth of Granular Pavement (Surface) above the Geoweb Section
zU m (in) Total required depth of Granular Pavement without the Geoweb system
zsb m (in) Thickness of subbase layer

Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology

Design Procedure

THE GEOWEB SLOPE PROTECTION SYSTEM
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Down-slope
Component ATRA
Geoweb Slope Anchor
Protection System
Select Infill
Geotextile
Integral Tendon
Anchor Spacing
Frictional
Resistance
Passive
Resistance
Minimum
Infill Depth ( de )
Infill Angle of
Repose ( φ )
Cell
Length ( L )
Slope
Angle ( β )
Cell
Depth ( d )
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Contents
Design Methodology......................................................................................................................................1
Step 1 Determine the appropriate cell depth or infill minimum allowable angle of repose.....................1
Table 1 - Cell Infill Soil Minimum Angle of Repose................................................................................1
Step 2 Apply Factor of Safety to Minimum Interface Friction Angle .......................................................2
Table 2 - Interface Friction Angle...........................................................................................................2
Step 3a Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 75 mm (3 in) Cell Depth ..........................3
Note on Tendon Use ..............................................................................................................................3
Step 3b Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 100 mm (4 in) Cell Depth ....................4
Step 3c Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 150 mm (6 in) Cell Depth ........................5
Step 4 Determine Maximum Downslope Stake Spacing........................................................................6
Step 5 Determine Individual Stake Resistance ......................................................................................7
Step 6 Determine Actual Stake Length ..................................................................................................9
Table 3 - Embankment Soil Angle of Internal Friction or Allowable Soil Shear Strength ......................9
Soils with Cohesion................................................................................................................................9
Soils without Cohesion.........................................................................................................................10
Typical Anchor Devices...............................................................................................................................11
®
Figure 1 The ATRA GFRP Anchor ....................................................................................................11
®
Figure 2 The ATRA Anchor ...............................................................................................................11
Figure 3 The J-Pin Anchor ..................................................................................................................11
Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................11
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Design Methodology
Step 1 Determine the appropriate cell depth or

infill minimum allowable angle of repose
Determine the appropriate cell depth. When the minimum angle of repose of the cell infill material is
known (refer to Table 1), find the intersection point of the vertical line up from the design Slope Angle and
the horizontal line over from the Infill Material Minimum Angle of Repose. Choose the Geoweb cell type
and depth directly below the intersection point of the two lines. Any selection below the intersection point
is satisfactory
Determine the infill minimum allowable angle of repose. When the Geoweb cell depth is known,
move vertically up from the design Slope Angle to the desired cell depth line and horizontally over to the
Infill Material Minimum Angle of Repose. Choose an infill material with a minimum angle of repose no
less than that determined.
Relationship Between Cell Size, Slope Angle &

Infill Material Minimum Angle of Repose
40
75 mm (3 in) GW40V Cell

35 100 mm (4 in) GW40V Cell
Infill Material Minimum Angle of Repose -

30
25
(degrees)
20
15
10 Contact Presto for

design assistance.
5
4:1 3.75:1 3.5:1 3.25:1 3:1 2.75:1 2.5:1 2.25:1 2:1 1.75:1 1.5:1 1.25:1 1:1
Slope Angle (Horizontal : Vertical)
Cell Infill Soil Minimum Angle of Repose in degrees

Topsoil 22
Table 1 - Cell Infill Soil
Sand 28
Minimum Angle of Repose Gravel 30
Crushed Stone 34

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 2 Apply Factor of Safety to Minimum Interface Friction Angle
Determine the Interface Friction Angle or select from Table 2 the appropriate Interface Description and
apply the appropriate Factor of Safety to the Minimum Interface Friction Angle. The Allowable Interface
Friction Angle is then used in Step 3a, Step 3b or Step 3c. Based on the selected Geoweb cell depth,
proceed to Step 3a, Step 3b or Step 3c.
Allowable Interface Friction Angle with Applied FOS

25
FOS = 1.30
FOS = 1.50
20
Allowable Interface Friction Angle -
FOS = 2.00
FOS = 2.50
15 FOS = 3.00
(degrees)
10
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Minimum Interface Friction Angle (degrees)
Minimum Interface Friction

Interface Description
Angle in degrees
Use the lowest angle of repose
Soil to Soil
of the two soils
Concrete Sand over Geotextile 24
Table 2 - Interface Coarse Sand or Gravel over Geotextile 26
Friction Angle Limestone over Geotextile 24
Geotextile over Clay Foundation 24
NOTE: Geotextile manufacturers may have specific interface friction angles,
based on actual tests, which may add to or vary from those listed. Use
those values where appropriate.

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 3a Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 75 mm (3 in) Cell

Depth
Determine the Required Stake Array Resistance by moving vertically up from the Slope Angle to the
Allowable Interface Friction Angle and over to the Required Stake Array Resistance.
Potential sliding loads based on 19.6 k N/m³ (125 lb/ft³) infill material.
If Required Stake Array Resistance is >0, proceed to Step 4.
Required Stake Resistance for Various Slopes

75 mm (3 in) Depth Cell with 19.6 kN/m³ (125 lbf/ft³) Infill
20
Allowable Interface Friction Angle - 10 Degrees 0.90
Allowable Interface Friction Angle - 15 Degrees
Required Stake Array Resistance -

15 Allowable Interface Friction Angle - 30 Degrees 0.70

(kN/m² of slope surface)

(lbf/ft² of slope surface)
0.60
0.50
10
0.40
0.30
5
0.20
0.10
0 0.00
4:1 3.75:1 3.5:1 3.25:1 3:1 2.75:1 2.5:1 2.25:1 2:1 1.75:1 1.5:1 1.25:1 1:1
Note on Tendon Use

If stakes are not appropriate for the application or are not cost effective, consider the use of tendons.
Total tendon resistance in kN/m (lbf/ft) of slope width will be equal to the value determined in Step 3
multiplied by the slope length in meters (feet).

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 3b Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 100 mm (4 in)

Cell Depth
Allowable Interface Friction Angle and over to the Required Stake Array Resistance. Refer to Table 1
and chart in Step 2.
Potential sliding loads based on 19.6 kN/m³ (125 lb/ft³) infill material.

25
1.10
20 Allowable Interface Friction Angle - 25 Degrees


0.80
15 0.70
0.60
0.50
10
0.40
0.30
5
0.20
0.10
0 0.00
4:1 3.75:1 3.5:1 3.25:1 3:1 2.75:1 2.5:1 2.25:1 2:1 1.75:1 1.5:1 1.25:1 1:1
Note on Tendon Use


DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 3c Determine Required Resistance of Staking Array for 150 mm (6 in)

Cell Depth
Allowable Interface Friction Angle and over to the Required Stake Array Resistance. Refer to Table 1
and chart in Step 2.
Potential sliding loads based on 19.6 kN/m³ (125 lb/ft³) infill material.

35 1.70
1.50
30

25 Allowable Interface Friction Angle - 35 Degrees 1.20

1.10
1.00
20
0.90
0.80
15 0.70
0.60
10 0.50
0.40
0.30
5
0.20
0.10
0 0.00
4:1 3.75:1 3.5:1 3.25:1 3:1 2.75:1 2.5:1 2.25:1 2:1 1.75:1 1.5:1 1.25:1 1:1
Note on Tendon Use


DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 4 Determine Maximum Downslope Stake Spacing
Using the Required Stake Array Resistance determined in Step 3a or Step 3b and the Geoweb cell depth
determined in Step 1, find the Maximum Downslope Stake Spacing. Note: The maximum downslope
spacing is not to exceed 2.44 m (96 in) This maximum is equal to:
• 12 cells for the GW20V

Proceed to Step 5.
Maximum Downslope Stake Spacing

150 mm (6 in) GW20V 150 mm (6 in) GW30V 100 mm (4 in) GW20V 100 mm (4 in) GW30V
75 mm (3 in) GW30V 100 mm (4 in) GW40V 75 mm (3 in) GW40V
Required Stake Array Resistance (kN/m² of Slope Surface)

96 2,438
0.19 0.29 0.38 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.86 0.96 1.05 1.15 1.24 1.34 1.44 1.53 1.63 1.72
84 2,134
72 1,829
Maximum Downslope
Maximum Downslope
Stake Spacing - (mm)
Stake Spacing - (in)
60 1,524
48 1,219
36 914
24 610
12 305
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Required Stake Array Resistance (lbf/ft² of Slope Surface)

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 5 Determine Individual Stake Resistance
Based on the Required Stake Array Resistance determined in Step 3a, Step 3b or Step 3c and the
Maximum Downslope Stake Spacing as determined in Step 4, determine the Required Individual Stake
Resistance by using a downslope spacing which does not exceed the Maximum Downslope Stake
Spacing. Each cell down is
• 226± mm (8.9± in) ±10% for the GW20V.

• 289± mm (11.4± in) ±10% for the GW30V.
• 479± mm (18.9± in) ±10% for the GW40V.
Stakes are to be placed in every other cell across the GW20V and GW30V Geoweb section and every
cell across for the GW40V Geoweb section.
Proceed to Step 6.
Required Stake Resistance for GW20V Cell

Required Stake Array Resistance (kN/m²)
00
19
38
57
77
96
15
34
53
72
92
11
30
49
68
87
06
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
100
90 400
Required Individual Stake Resistance -

80 350
70
300
60
(lbf/stake)
(N/stake)
250
50
200
40
Every 2 Cells Across by -
150
30 10 cells down 8 cells down
6 cells down 5 cells down 100
20
4 cells down 3 cells down
10 50
2 cells down 1 cells down
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66
Required Stake Array Resistance (lbf/ft²)

DESIGN PROCEDURES

00 Required Stake Array Resistance (kN/m²)
10
19
29
38
48
57
67
77
86
96
05
15
24
34
44
53
63
72
82
92
01
11
20
30
39
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
100
90 400

80 350
70
300
Every 2 Cells Across by -
60
(lbf/stake)
8 cells down
(N/stake)
250
50 7 cells down
200
6 cells down
40
5 cells down
150
30 4 cells down
3 cells down 100
20
2 cells down
10 50
1 cells down
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50

Required Stake Array Resistance (kN/m²)
0.00 0.10 0.19 0.29 0.38 0.48 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.86 0.96 1.05 1.15 1.24 1.34 1.44 1.53 1.63 1.72 1.82 1.92
100
90 400
80 350
70
300
60
(lbf/stake)
(N/stake)
250
50 Every Cell Across by -
5 cells down 200
40
4 cells down 150
30
3 cells down
100
20
2 cells down
10 50
1 cells down
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Step 6 Determine Actual Stake Length
Angle of Internal Soil Shear Strength

Embankment Soil
Friction kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
Well Graded Gravels (GW) 38 0 0
Poorly Graded Gravels (GP) 37 0 0
Silty Gravels (GM) 34 0 0
Table 3 - Clayey Gravels (GC) 31 0 0
Embankment Soil Well Graded Sands (SW) 36 0 0
Angle of Internal Poorly Graded Sands (SP) 35 0 0
Friction or Silty Sands (SM) 32 20.1 (420)
Allowable Soil Sand – Silt Clay (SM-SC) 31 14.4 (300)
Shear Strength Clayey Sands (SC) 29 11.0 (230)
Silts / Clayey Silts (ML) 30 9.1 (190)
Silts / Clayey Silts (ML-CL) 30 22.0 (460)
Clayey Silts (MH) 23 20.1 (420)
Clays – Low Plasticity (CL) 26 12.9 (270)
Clays – High Plasticity (CH) 17 11.0 (230)
Soils with Cohesion

Determine the Total Stake Length (including in-ground length plus 100 mm (4.0 in) from bottom to top of
cell) by using the Required Individual Stake Resistance from Step 5 and the Allowable Soil Shear
Strength (refer to Table 3. See the Notes section at the end of Step 6.
Required Stake Length for #4 Rebar Steel Stake

Required Individual Stake Resistance (N/stake)
0 22 44 67 89 111 133 156 178 200 222 245 267 289 311 334 356 378 400 423 445
54
Soil Shear Strength = 9.58 kN/m² (200 lbf/ft²) 1752
48 Soil Shear Strength = 14.36 kN/m² (300 lbf/ft²)

Soil Shear Strength = 19.15 kN/m² (400 lbf/ft²) 1552
42 Soil Shear Strength = 23.94 kN/m² (500 lbf/ft²)

1352
Total Stake Length -
36
1152
(mm)
(in)
30
952
24 752
18 552
12 352
6 152
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Required Individual Stake Resistance (lbf/stake)

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Soils without Cohesion
Determine the Total Stake Length (including in-ground length plus 100 mm (4.0 in) to top of cell) by using
the Required Individual Stake Resistance from Step 5 and the Embankment Soil Angle of Internal Friction
(refer to Table 3). See the Notes section at the end of Step 6.
Required Stake Length for #4 Rebar Stake

Required Individual Stake Resistance (N/Stake)
22 44 67 89 111 133 156 178 200 222 245 267 289 311 334 356 378 400 423 445
60 1505
Embankment Soil Angle
of Internal Friction
54
15 Degrees 20 Degrees
1305
48

1105
42
(mm)
(in)
36 905
30
705
24
505
18
12 305
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Required Individual Stake Resistance (lb/Stake)
Notes:
1. Consideration must be given to the actual Embankment Soil Angle of Internal Friction prior to
calculation of the Total Stake Length.
2. Reduce the Total Stake Length by 25 mm (1 in) for 75 mm (3 in) depth Geoweb sections and
increase it by 50 mm (2 in) for 150 mm (6 in) depth Geoweb sections.
3. Stake design is based on the use of #4 rebar, 12 mm (0.5 in) diameter.

®
4. Add additional length for J-Pin type stakes (i.e. when ATRA anchors are not used).
The staking array and length has now been determined for the given slope and infill material.

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Typical Anchor Devices
ATRA® Clip ATRA® GFRP Stake

Length as determined above.
®
Figure 1 The ATRA GFRP Anchor
®
Figure 2 The ATRA Anchor
180 degree bend

Figure 3 The J-Pin Anchor
Disclaimer
This document has been prepared for the benefit of customers interested in the Presto Geoweb Slope
Protection System. It was reviewed carefully prior to publication. Presto Products Company assumes no
®
Geoweb is a registered trademark of Presto Products Company

Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology

Design Procedure

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Minimum
Infill Depth ( de )
Infill Angle of
Repose ( φ )
Cell d 
Length ( L ) φ = β − arctan e 
 L
Slope
Angle ( β )
Cell
Depth ( d )
Cover Weight Cover Weight cos (slope angle)

kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
RSR a = Wc sin β − Wc cos β ∗ tan φ allow
Cover Weight sin (slope angle)
Slope Angle
Down-slope
Component ATRA
Geoweb Slope Anchor
Protection System
Select Infill
Pp = d (0.5 K p γ l + 2τ K p l )
2
Geotextile
Integral Tendon
Anchor Spacing
Frictional
Resistance
Passive
Resistance
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Contents
Design Methodology Rationale .....................................................................................................................1
Chart in Step 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
Math for Step 2 ..........................................................................................................................................1
Chart in Step 3 ...........................................................................................................................................1
Chart in Step 4 ...........................................................................................................................................2
Chart in Step 5 ...........................................................................................................................................2
Chart in Step 6 – with cohesion .................................................................................................................3
Chart in Step 6 – without cohesion ............................................................................................................3
Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................................3
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Design Methodology Rationale

Chart in Step 1
d 
φ = β − arctan e 
 L Minimum
Infill Depth ( de )
where:
Infill Angle of
φ = Minimum angle of repose of the infill material Repose ( φ )
- degrees
β = Slope angle – degrees
Cell
de = Minimum acceptable depth of infill against the up- Length ( L )
slope wall of the cell – mm (in). Based on
experience, this should be 0.5 times the cell depth.
Slope
For this case, Angle ( β )
 0.5 d e 
φ = β − arctan  Cell
 L  Depth ( d )
L = Up/down slope-length of the cell – mm (in)
Math for Step 2

 tan (Minimum Interface Friction Angle ) 
Allowable Interface Friction Angle, φ allow = Arc tan 
 Factor of Safety 
Chart in Step 3
RSR a = Wc sin β − Wc cos β ∗ tan φ allow
Where:
RSRa = Required Stake Resistance of the
stake array – kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
Cover Weight Cover Weight cos (slope angle)
Wc = Cover weight – kN/m² (lbf/ft²) = dγ kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
d = Cell depth – mm (in) Cover Weight sin (slope angle)
γ = Unit weight of the infill soil - kN/m³
(lbf/ft³) Slope Angle
β = Slope angle – degrees
φallow = Minimum Interface Friction Angle at the
bottom of the Geoweb cell - degrees
11-JUL-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 1 OF 3

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Chart in Step 4
SS u Where:
MDS =
FOS RSRa MDS = Maximum Downslope Spacing
SSu = Ultimate Long-term Seam Strength
Depth Ultimate Long-term Seam Strength
Cell
mm in kN/m lbf/ft
GW20V 150 6 4.54± 311±
GW20V 100 4 3.03± 208±
GW30V 150 6 3.74± 256±
GW30V 100 4 2.49± 171±
GW30V 75 3 1.87± 128±
GW40V 100 4 1.68± 115±
GW40V 75 3 1.26± 86±
FOS = Factor of Safety – 2 is recommended and used
RSRa = Required Stake Resistance – kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
NOTE for SSu: Each 100 mm (4 in) seam must support 712 N (160 lbf) for
the long-term test. There are 11 seams in a 2.58 m (8.48 ft) wide section.
Therefore, for a 100 mm (4 in) Geoweb cell, SSu = 712*11/2.58 =
3030 N/m (160*11/8.48 = 208 lbf/ft). The same methodology is used for all
Geoweb cell types and depths.
Chart in Step 5
Pp = RSRa Dcs Dds Where:
Pp = Required Stake Resistance of the individual stake - N/stake
(lbf/stake)
RSRa = Required Stake Resistance - kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
Dcs = Cross-slope Spacing number of cells converted to m (ft).
Dds = Downslope Spacing number of cells converted to m (ft).
PAGE 2 OF 3 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 11-JUL-00

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Chart in Step 6 – with cohesion

Minimum Stake Length l - mm (in) is Where:
determined by solving the quadratic
l = Stake Length – mm (in) [results in m (ft)]
equation:
τ = Allowable Soil Shear Strength – kN/m² (lbf/ft²)
2 Pp
l + 4τ l −
2
=0 Pp = Required Stake Resistance – N (lbf)
d
γ = Foundation Soil Unit Weight - N/m³ (lbf/ft³)
The above is derived from
d = Stake Diameter – mm (in) [input m (ft) into formula]
Pp = d (0.5 K p γ l 2 + 2τ K p l )
Kp = 1.0 assuming φ = 0
Formula for passive resistance based
on Rankin theory.
Chart in Step 6 – without cohesion

Minimum Stake Length l - mm (in) is Where:
determined by solving:
l = Stake Length – mm (in) [results in m (ft)]
Pp Pp = Required Stake Resistance – N (lbf)
l=
1 + sin φ d = Stake Diameter – mm (in) [input m (ft) into formula]
0.5 d γ
1 − sin φ γ = Embankment Soil Unit Weight - kN/m³ (lbf/ft³)
The above is derived from – φ = Angle of Internal Friction of the Embankment Soil
- degrees
Pp = 0.5 γ d K p l 2
Kp = Coefficient of Passive Earth Pressure
Disclaimer
This document has been prepared for the benefit of customers interested in the Presto Geoweb Slope
Protection System. It was reviewed carefully prior to publication. Presto Products Company assumes no
®
Geoweb is a registered trademark of Presto Products Company
11-JUL-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 3 OF 3

Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology

Design Procedure

THE GEOWEB EARTH RETENTION SYSTEM
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Ls
GEOWEB LAYER β +
+ -
Pa
ωf ωb
Hi
W2
δ = 2/3φ
B’w
H
W1
INFILL
SOIL ZONE RETAINED
FINISH γ i , φi SOIL ZONE
GRADE
γr , φr
Bw
FOUNDATION SOIL ZONE
γf , φf , Cf
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Contents
Design Instructions ........................................................................................................................................1
Design Parameters ....................................................................................................................................1
Determine the Total Quantity of Geoweb Sections ...................................................................................1
Determine the Geoweb Section Type and Quantity ..................................................................................1
Definitions & Factors of Safety ......................................................................................................................2
Factors of Safety........................................................................................................................................2
Reference Figures .........................................................................................................................................3
Figure 1 Wall with Surcharge....................................................................................................................3
Figure 2 Wall with Backslope....................................................................................................................3
Figure 3 The GW30V6 Geoweb Wall Section ..........................................................................................3
Table 1 Sections Required for Various Wall Heights ...............................................................................4
Table 2 Main Body Section Design - Retained Soil ør = 33°, Infill Soil øi = 40° .......................................5
Table 6 Base Length Coefficient ..............................................................................................................9
Base Section Length vs Wall Height and Base Length Coefficient.............................................................10
Figure 4 Base Section Length in Cells ...................................................................................................10
Design Example ..........................................................................................................................................11
Disclaimer....................................................................................................................................................11
Presto Geoweb® Earth Retention System - Design Work Sheet ...............................................................12
Figure 5 Layer & Section Configuration for Geoweb Earth Retention System.......................................12
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Design1 Instructions
The following procedure and associated tables and charts enables the designer to determine the type and
quantity of Geoweb sections required to construct a gravity retaining wall ranging in height from 1.22 m
(4.0 ft) to 4.88 m (16.0 ft). The design tables and charts presented herein are based on the known
characteristics of the Presto Geoweb section and may apply only to the Presto Geoweb Earth Retention
Systems. The designer is cautioned regarding the use of these tables and charts with other products,
which may appear to be similar to the Presto Geoweb System. This procedure accounts for variables
such as soils, loading conditions and front face slope. Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 for definitions of
terms relative to the Presto Geoweb Earth Retention System.
NOTE: Contact Presto Products Company – Geosystems for earth retention requirements beyond the
scope of this procedure.
Design Parameters2
Wall Geometry Soil Parameters
• Wall Height [1.22 m (4.0 ft) through 4.88 m • The bulk unit weight for all soils is 2,100 kg/m³
(16.0 ft) in 152 mm (6.0 in) increments] (130 lb/ft³).
• Front Face Slope, n [2, 3, 4 & 6] • Retained soil angle of internal friction (ør), a
Loading Conditions total stress parameter [28° or 33°]
• Uniform surcharge [0, 4.8 kPa (100 psf) or • Foundation soil angle of internal friction (øf), a
12.0 kPa (250 psf)] total stress parameter [27°, 30° or 43°]
• Constant Backslope [3H:1V or 2H:1V] • Infill soil angle of internal friction (øi), a total
stress parameter [35° or 40°]
Determine the Total Quantity of Geoweb Sections
Use Table 1 on page 4 to determine the number of Geoweb sections required to construct the wall to the
required height. All walls will have one Base Section and a varying number of Main Body Sections.
Determine the Geoweb Section Type and Quantity
Using the data determined in Design Parameters:
• Based on Retained and Infill Soil parameters, select Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 or Table 5 for use.
• Within the selected Table, determine the column of numbers that is to be used based on Loading
Conditions and Front Face Slope.
• Using the selected column of numbers, determine the Geoweb GW30V6 section length and quantity
of individual sections to be used for the Main Body of the wall. The numbers in Table 2, Table 3,
Table 4 and Table 5 are the quantity of Main Body Sections required starting from the top-most layer.
Determine the Base Section Type
• Go to the appropriate Retained Soil ør section within Table 6 on page 9.
• Based on the Loading Condition, select the appropriate column of numbers.
• Determine the Base Length Coefficient based on Foundation Soil parameters and Front Face Slope.
• Using Figure 4 Base Section Length in Cells on page 10, go to the Base Length Coefficient on the
Y-axisand move horizontally across the chart to the line representing the Wall Height. Drop vertically
down the chart to the X-axis and select the Base Section length. When the selection falls between
two Base Section lengths, always select the larger (higher number) section. See Figure 3 on page 3.
1
Tables associated with this design are based on an active Coulomb wedge approach similar to that
described in most foundation engineering handbooks.
2
Available choices are shown in brackets “[ ]”.
23-FEB-01 COPYRIGHT 2001 - PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY PAGE 1 OF 12

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Definitions3 & Factors of Safety

Backslope is the slope of the soil above and behind the completed earth retention system. Backslope is
expressed in the ratio of the slope’s horizontal distance to vertical distance when the vertical distance is
expressed as one. (xH:1V)
Base Section is the Geoweb section on which all other Geoweb sections are stacked. The base section
functions as the footing for the wall system.
Foundation Soil is the soil directly under the wall on which the wall is constructed.
Front Face Slope (batter) is the slope of the wall face expressed in a ratio of the horizontal distance to
the vertical distance when the horizontal distance is expressed as one. (1H:nV)
Infill Soil is the soil placed in the Geoweb cells and directly behind the wall sections to the face of the soil
to be retained. In embankment construction, the infill soil may be the soil in the Geoweb cells only.
Main Body Sections are all Geoweb sections within the wall structure other than the base section.
Retained Soil is the soil behind the Geoweb wall that is being retained by the system.
Surcharge is the uniform static or dynamic load over the upper area of the retention structure.
Wall Height is the height of the wall from the bottom of the Base Section to the top of the uppermost
Main Body Section.
øf is the angle of internal friction for the foundation soil.
øI is the angle of internal friction for the infill soil.
ør is the angle of internal friction for the retained soil.
Factors of Safety
Sliding = 1.5 minimum
Overturning = 2.0 minimum
Bearing Capacity = 2.5 minimum
3
See Figure 1 and Figure 2
PAGE 2 OF 12 COPYRIGHT 2001 - PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY 23-FEB-01

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Reference Figures
SURCHARGE OPE
KSL
BAC
OPE
OPE
1 1
INFILL INFILL
SL
SL
WALL SOIL WALL SOIL
HEIGHT n n
ACE
ACE
RETAINED HEIGHT RETAINED
MAIN BODY SOIL MAIN BODY SOIL
NT F
NT F
SECTIONS SECTIONS
FRO
FRO
I N I N
RA RA
BD UBD
SU S
BASE SECTION BASE SECTION
FOUNDATION SOIL FOUNDATION SOIL
Figure 1 Wall with Surcharge Figure 2 Wall with Backslope
7 GW30V60807 LENGTH = 1.87 m (6.13 ft)
6 GW30V60806 LENGTH = 1.60 m (5.25 ft)
5 GW30V60805 LENGTH = 1.33 m (4.38 ft)
4 GW30V60804 LENGTH = 1.07 m (3.50 ft)
3 GW30V60803 LENGTH = 0.80 m (2.63 ft)
SECTION WIDTH = 2.64 m (8.67 ft)
Figure 3 The GW30V6 Geoweb Wall Section
NOTE: When required Geoweb section lengths are greater than 7 cells long, use combinations of the
five (5) sections above to achieve the required section lengths.

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Table 1 Sections Required for Various Wall Heights
Wall Height Number of Main Number of Base Total Number of

Meters Feet Body Sections Sections Stacked Sections
1.22 4.0 7 1 8
1.37 4.5 8 1 9
1.52 5.0 9 1 10
1.68 5.5 10 1 11
1.83 6.0 11 1 12
1.98 6.5 12 1 13
2.13 7.0 13 1 14
2.29 7.5 14 1 15
2.44 8.0 15 1 16
2.59 8.5 16 1 17
2.74 9.0 17 1 18
2.90 9.5 18 1 19
3.05 10.0 19 1 20
3.20 10.5 20 1 21
3.35 11.0 21 1 22
3.50 11.5 22 1 23
3.66 12.0 23 1 24
3.81 12.5 24 1 25
3.96 13.0 25 1 26
4.11 13.5 26 1 27
4.27 14.0 27 1 28
4.42 14.5 28 1 29
4.57 15.0 29 1 30
4.72 15.5 30 1 31
4.88 16.00 31 1 32
NOTE: The height of one Presto Geoweb Section is 152 mm (6.0 in).

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Table 2 Main Body Section Design - Retained Soil ør = 33°, Infill Soil øi = 40°
Loading Condition 0 kPa (0 psf) 4.8 kPa (100 psf) 12 kPa (250 psf) 3H:1V Backslope 2H:1V Backslope
Front Face Slope, n 2 3 4 6 2 3 4 6 2 3 4 6 2 3 4 6 2 3 4 6
Total Length of GW30V6

Geoweb Sections
Cells
(LL) m ft
03 0.80 2.63 10 11 12 12 9 10 10 10 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 11 9 9 9 10
04 1.07 3.50 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3
05 1.33 4.38 3 4 4 5 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3
06 1.60 5.25 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2
07 1.87 6.13 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3
08 2.13 7.00 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 2
09 2.40 7.88 3 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3
10 2.67 8.75 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 2
11 2.93 9.63 2 1 2 3
12 3.20 10.50
13 3.47 11.38
14 3.73 12.25
15 4.00 13.13
16 4.27 14.00
17 4.53 14.88
18 4.80 15.75
19 5.07 16.63
20 5.33 17.50
21 5.60 18.38
22 5.87 19.25
NOTE: When required Geoweb section lengths are greater than 7 cells long, use combinations of the 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7 cell long sections to achieve the required section lengths.

DESIGN PROCEDURES

Geoweb Sections
Cells
(LL) m ft
03 0.80 2.63 10 11 12 12 9 10 10 10 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 8 9 9 10
04 1.07 3.50 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 3 3
05 1.33 4.38 3 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3
06 1.60 5.25 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2
07 1.87 6.13 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 3
08 2.13 7.00 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 2
09 2.40 7.88 4 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3
10 2.67 8.75 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 2
11 2.93 9.63 1 2 2 2 2 3
12 3.20 10.50 3 2 1
13 3.47 11.38
14 3.73 12.25
15 4.00 13.13
16 4.27 14.00
17 4.53 14.88
18 4.80 15.75
19 5.07 16.63
20 5.33 17.50
21 5.60 18.38
22 5.87 19.25

DESIGN PROCEDURES

Geoweb Sections
Cells
(LL) m ft
03 0.80 2.63 10 11 12 12 9 9 10 10 7 7 7 8 9 10 10 10 7 8 8 9
04 1.07 3.50 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2
05 1.33 4.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 2
06 1.60 5.25 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2
07 1.87 6.13 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2
08 2.13 7.00 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
09 2.40 7.88 3 3 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
10 2.67 8.75 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11 2.93 9.63 1 1 2 2 2
12 3.20 10.50 2 1 2 2
13 3.47 11.38 2 2 1 2
14 3.73 12.25 2 2 2 2
15 4.00 13.13 1 1 1
16 4.27 14.00
17 4.53 14.88
18 4.80 15.75
19 5.07 16.63
20 5.33 17.50
21 5.60 18.38
22 5.87 19.25

DESIGN PROCEDURES

Geoweb Sections
Cells
(LL) m ft
03 0.80 2.63 9 10 11 11 7 8 9 9 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 6 6 7 7
04 1.07 3.50 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 2
05 1.33 4.38 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1
06 1.60 5.25 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1
07 1.87 6.13 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 1
08 2.13 7.00 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2
09 2.40 7.88 3 3 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
10 2.67 8.75 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1
11 2.93 9.63 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
12 3.20 10.50 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
13 3.47 11.38 2 1 1 1 1
14 3.73 12.25 1 1 1 1
15 4.00 13.13 2 1 1 1
16 4.27 14.00 1 2 2 2
17 4.53 14.88 1 1 1 1
18 4.80 15.75 1 1 1 1
19 5.07 16.63 2 1 1 1
20 5.33 17.50 1 2 2 2
21 5.60 18.38 1 1 1 1
22 5.87 19.25 1 1 1 1

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Table 6 Base Length Coefficient
Foundation Soil øf 33° 30° 27° 33° 30° 27° 33° 30° 27° 33° 30° 27° 33° 30° 27°
Retained Soil ør = 33°
2 0.57 0.63 0.66 0.63 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.76 0.83 0.66 0.69 0.77 0.76 0.85 0.96
Front Face Slope, n
3 0.55 0.55 0.61 0.55 0.58 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.75 0.58 0.64 0.70 0.71 0.83 0.95
4 0.47 0.55 0.65 0.55 0.58 0.70 0.59 0.65 0.76 0.56 0.60 0.76 0.68 0.78 0.96
6 0.47 0.47 0.68 0.55 0.60 0.74 0.60 0.68 0.79 0.57 0.64 0.82 0.66 0.78 0.98
Retained Soil ør = 28°
2 0.63 0.68 0.75 0.71 0.74 0.82 0.82 0.87 0.97 0.78 0.88 0.96
Front Face Slope, n
No solution.
3 0.57 0.61 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.74 0.73 0.80 0.87 0.71 0.80 0.92
Backslope too
steep for
Retained Soil
friction angle.
4 0.55 0.57 0.68 0.58 0.66 0.74 0.68 0.78 0.84 0.70 0.77 0.90
Contact Presto
for solution.
6 0.55 0.61 0.74 0.57 0.68 0.79 0.65 0.72 0.87 0.66 0.76 0.89

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Base Section Length4 vs Wall Height and Base Length Coefficient
WALL HEIGHT ... 1.22 m (4.00 ft) 1.52 m (5.00 ft) 1.83 m (6.00 ft)
2.13 m (7.00 ft) 2.44 m (8.00 ft) 2.74 m (9.00 ft) 3.05 m (10.00 ft)
3.35 m (11.00 ft) 3.66 m (12.00 ft) 3.96 m (13.00 ft) 4.27 m (14.00 ft)
4.57 m (15.00 ft) 4.88 m (16.00 ft)
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
BASE LENGTH COEFFICENT
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
TOTAL CELLS LONG FOR GW30V6 BASE SECTION
Figure 4 Base Section Length in Cells
4
When the calculated Base Length is less than the length of the lower most Main Body Section, the
length of the Base Section shall be equal to or greater than the length of the lower most Main Body
Section.

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Design Example
Problem – Determine the appropriate Geoweb Earth Retention System for a 3.0 m (9.85 ft) high wall with
a front face slope of 1H:4V. A uniform surcharge of 9.6 kPa (200 psf) will exist over the wall. The angles
of internal friction are 28°, 35° and 30° for the retained, infill and foundation soils respectively. All soils
have a unit weight of 2,100 kg/m³ (130 lb/ft³).
1) Using Table 1 Sections Required for Various Wall Heights and based on the 152 mm (6 in) height
increment, the wall should be adjusted up from 3.0 m (9.85 ft) to 3.05 m (10.00 ft) high. The wall will
be a total of 20 sections in vertical height – 19 sections in the Main Body and one (1) Base Section.
2) Based on both the Retained and Infill Soil parameters, use Table 5. Use the Load Condition of
12 kPa (250 psf), which is greater than the specified load for which there is no data. Use the column
of numbers under Front Face Slope “n” of 4. For a 3.05 m (10 ft) high wall, use the first 19 sections in
this column. From the top of the wall down, the following sections are required.
6 – GW30V60803’s, 4 – GW30V60804’s, 4 - GW30V60805’s, 3 - GW30V60806’s,
2 - GW30V60807’s, and 1 - Base Section.
NOTE: When the wall requires layers grater than 7 cells in length, the required length is make up of
two or more sections in the 4 – 7 cell length equaling the required length.
3) Using Table 6 Base Length Coefficient, and the data for Retained Soil, Foundation Soil, Loading
Condition and Front Face Slope, a Base Length Coefficient of 0.78 is determined.
4) Using Figure 4 Base Section Length in Cells, from the Base Length Coefficient of 0.78 on the Y-axis,
move horizontally to the 3.05 m (10.00 ft) wall height line. Next move down to the X-axis. The
Geoweb Base Section required for the earth retention system’s base is a GW30V6 section totaling
9 cells in length.
5) When the required Geoweb Base Section length is greater than 7 cells long, use a combination of the
3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 cell long sections to achieve the required Base Section lengths.
6) The final Geoweb Earth Retention System configuration, from the top down, is:
• 6 Sections of GW30V60803, - top,
• 4 Sections of GW30V60804,
• 1 Base of a GW30V60804 and a GW30V60805 totaling 9 cells in length, - bottom.
Disclaimer
This document has been prepared for the benefit of customers interested in the Presto Geoweb Earth
Retention System. It was revised carefully prior to publication. Presto Products Company assumes no
Geoweb® is a registered trademark of Presto Products Company

DESIGN PROCEDURES
Presto Geoweb® Earth Retention System - Design Work Sheet
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 4
3 4
3 4 5
3 4 5
3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6
n 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Figure 5 Layer & Section Configuration for Geoweb Earth Retention System
Note: Numbers in Figure 5 represent total cells long for the GW30V6 Geoweb sections.
LOADS
Loading Condition =
SOILS
Infill Soil øI = Degrees
Retained Soil ør = Degrees
Foundation Soil øf = Degrees
DIMENSIONS
Vertical Wall Height, H = m (ft) - maximum 4.88 m (16.0 ft)
Presto Geoweb Layers = 2 Layers/ ft x H ft
Front Face Slope, n =
Offset = mm (inches) - 152 mm ÷ n (6 in ÷ n)

Load Support
Design Procedure
Load Support
Design Methodology
Slope Protection
Design Procedure
Slope Protection
Design Methodology

Design Procedure

V-SERIES GEOWEB EARTH RETENTION SYSTEM
GUIDELINE USING THE NCMA DESIGN
SOFTWARE FOR SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALLS
E
ARG
H
RC
SU
GW30V6 GEOWEB LAYER
RETAINED
SOIL ZONE
REINFORCED REINFORCED
(INFILL) ZONE
SOIL ZONE LIMIT
FINISH
GRADE
GEOSYNTHETIC
REINFORCEMENT
FOUNDATION SOIL ZONE
Telephone: 920-738-1118 or 800-548-3424 ■ Fax: 920-738-1222
Purpose for this Procedure

The Geoweb® earth retention system is extremely flexible compared to modular block systems. It is this
flexibility that directly influences the input design variables for interface shear and connection capacity of
the facia units. Therefore, this procedure was developed to enable the user of SRWall to determine
appropriate input parameters for (1) variable wall face batter, (2) variable infill soil characteristics, and (3)
the possibility of using two infill materials (topsoil in the outer cells). The user can standardize the
variables based on local soil properties, fixed wall batter, etc., enter that data into SRWall and save it as a
data-file for future use. Standard data-files will streamline the use of this procedure.
Step 1
Once SRWall (ver3.01) is started, the above menu bar appears at the top of the screen as well as the
Project Data Sheet.
Use the drop down menu item -
• Units to select US units (inches, feet, lbs) and,
• Wall Type to select Reinforced SRW.
Step 2
Enter all appropriate data
on the Project Data
Sheet.
Press Next Menu
12-MAR-01 COPYRIGHT 2001 - PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY PAGE 1 OF 16

V SERIES GEOWEB EARTH RETENTION SYSTEM
Step 3
Enter the appropriate Soil
Data.
The example in the
following screens will use
a 90 pcf topsoil infill in the
outer row of cells having
an angle of internal
friction of 24° and an infill
unit weight of 130 pcf for
the internal cells having
an angle of internal
friction of 35°.
Press Next Menu
Step 4
Determine and enter
Segmental Unit
Dimensions/Weight per
the Variables list in
Step 4a.
Refer to appropriate
charts in Step 4b and
Step 4c for Weight
(infilled) and Center of
Gravity respectively. Do
not check the Default
(Wu/2) box.
Press Next Menu
PAGE 2 OF 16 COPYRIGHT 2001 - PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY 12-MAR-01

Step 4a Input Value

Name – Note, this guideline uses the GW30V60803P Geoweb Section ONLY. GW30V60803P
Geoweb Section
Cap Height – always 0 in
Height (Hu) – always 6 in
Width (Wu) – always the fully expanded section length. 31.5 in
Length (along wall) – always the full width of the expanded section 104 in
Setback – as required by design details (typically 1.5 inches 1.5 in (typically)
but ranging from 1 to 3 inches)
Step 4b
This procedure allows for two infill materials within the Geoweb wall section.
Knowing the Unit Weights of –
• the structural infill material and
• the soil to go into the outer row of cells,
determine the total Weight of Infilled GW30V60803P section and enter the value in the Weight (infilled)
box in Step 4
Unit Weight of Infill in the Geoweb Section (lb/ft³)

90 100 110 120 130 140
1,350
1,300
1,250
1,200
GW30V60803 Section (lbf)
Weight of Infilled
1,150
1,100
1,050
1,000
950
900
850
90 100 110 120 130 140
Unit Weight of Soil in Outer Row of Cells (lb/ft³)

Step 4c
• the soil for placement in the outer row of cells,
determine the Center of Gravity of infilled GW30V60803P section and enter the value in the Center of
Gravity box in Step 4.

90 100 110 120 130 140
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.1
Center of Gravity of Infilled
GW30V60803 Section (in)
16.0
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.1
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.7
90 100 110 120 130 140

Step 5
Determine and enter the
Unit/Unit Interface
Shear Properties in the
Ultimate Strength
Criterion area.
Minimum = 0
Friction angle and
Maximum are determined
using Step 5a through
Step 5f.
Press Next Menu

Step 5a
determine the Effective Unit Weight of the infilled Geoweb section.
This value will be used in future steps.

90 100 110 120 130 140
140
135
130
GW30V60803 Section (lb/ft³)
125
Effective Unit Weight of
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
90 100 110 120 130 140

Step 5b
Knowing the Friction Angles of –
determine the Effective Friction Angle for the Reinforced soil.
This value will be used in future steps
Friction Angle of Infill in the Geoweb Section (degrees)

20 25 30 35 40 45
45
40
GW30V60803 Section (degrees)
Effective Friction Angle of
35
30
25
20
20 25 30 35 40 45
Friction Angle of Soil in Outer Row of Cells (degrees)

Step 5c
Based on the desired Layer-to-Layer Setback and the Center of Gravity determined in Step 4c, determine
the Hinge Height in number of Geoweb layers. Proceed to Step 5d.
Inches of Layer-to-Layer Setback (in)

1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0
33
32
31
30
Hinge Height in Number of Geoweb Layers
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0
Center of Gravity of Infilled GW30V60803 Section (in)

Step 5d
Using the Hinge Height from Step 5c, and the Effective Unit Weight from Step 5a, determine the Hinge
Height Weight and proceed to Step 5e.
Hinge Height in Number of Geoweb Layers

10 Layers 15 Layers 20 Layers 25 Layers 30 Layers 35 Layers
6000
5500
5000
Hinge Height Weight (lb/ft)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
90 100 110 120 130 140
Effective Unit Weight of GW30V60803 Section (lb/ft³)

Step 5e
Using the Effective Friction Angle from Step 5b and the Hinge Height Weight from Step 5d, determine the
Unit-to-Unit Maximum Interface Shear Capacity and enter this value in the Maximum box shown in
Step 5.
Effective Friction Angle of GW30V60803 Section (degrees)

20 25 30 35 40 45
5000
4500
Maximum Interface Shear Capacity (lb/ft)
4000
3500
Unit-to-Unit
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Step 5f
Using the Hinge Height Weight from Step 5d and the Unit-to-Unit Maximum Interface Shear Capacity from
Step 5e, determine the Friction angle and enter this value in the Friction angle box shown in Step 5.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
80
75
70
65
60
Friction Angle (degrees)
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Maximum Interface Shear or Connection Capacity (lb/ft)

Step 6
Determine and enter
Geosynthetic
Reinforcement design
parameters. ‘Reduction
Factors’ values can be
obtained from the specific
geosynthetic
manufacturer.
The values for
Coefficient of Pullout
Interaction (Ci) and
Coefficient of Direct
Sliding (Cds) will be used
in Step 7 and Step 8.
Press Next Menu
Step 7
Geosynthetic to
Geoweb Connection
Capacity details for the
Ultimate Strength
Criterion area.
Minimum = 0
Maximum = 2 x Ci (from
Step 6) x Unit-to-Unit
Maximum Interface Shear
Capacity (from Step 5e).
This value must not
exceed the Ultimate
Strength value above.
Friction angle is
determined by using the
graph in Step 5f with the
Maximum value
determined above.
Press Next Menu

Step 8
Geosynthetic to
Geoweb Interface Shear
Capacity details for the
Ultimate Strength
Criterion area.
Minimum = 0
Maximum = Cds (from
Step 6) x Unit-to-Unit
Maximum Interface Shear
Capacity (from Step 5e).
Friction angle is
determined by using the
graph in Step 5f with the
Maximum value
determined above.
Press Next Menu
Step 9
Enter Wall Geometry &
Surcharge Loads details
Press Next Menu

Step 10
Press Trial to view the
Reinforcement Layout
developed by the
program. All design
factors of safety should
be satisfied by the
program-generated
reinforcement layout.
Press Dimensions and
Active Wedge to view
these details.
Press OK to end.
Press Next Menu to view
additional screens.
Step 11
View Design Criteria.
Press OK to end.
additional screens.

Step 12
View External Stability
Results
Press OK to end.
additional screens.
Step 13
View Internal Stability
Results
Press OK to end.
additional screens.

Step 14
View Facing Stability
Results
Pressing Next Menu will
cause a return to the
Reinforcement Layout
window. If desired,
modify reinforcement
lengths, elevations, etc.,
press Analyze and return
to Step 10 to view results.
When finished, press OK
to end and return to the
main menu.
Step 15
Go to File – Save As and
save the work in a *.dat
file and exit program.

Geo Design Procedures

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Geo Design Procedures

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GW30V6 Earth Retention

NCMA SRWall Earth Retention /

THE GEOWEB GRANULAR PAVEMENT SYSTEM

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 1 OF 14

Design Methodology Assumptions

Design Methodology Limitations

Design Chart Assumptions

PAGE 2 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Design Chart for Geoweb Cell Type

Delivery & Utility Trucks

Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks

Tractor/Trailer & Dump Trucks

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 3 OF 24

Step 2 Determining the Subgrade Type & Strength

< 11.7 Very soft (extruded between fingers when

Step 3 Using the Design Charts

PAGE 4 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 5 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

PAGE 6 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 7 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

PAGE 8 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 9 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

PAGE 10 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 11 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 150 mm (6 in)

PAGE 12 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 200 mm (8 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 13 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 200 mm (8 in)

PAGE 14 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 200 mm (8 in)

27-NOV-00 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 PAGE 15 OF 24

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 200 mm (8 in)

PAGE 16 OF 24 COPYRIGHT PRESTO PRODUCTS COMPANY - 2000 27-NOV-00

Subgrade Shear Strength (psi)

Total Structural Thickness (in)

0.80 Cell Depth = 200 mm (8 in)

Figure 13 GW30V8 Structural Thickness Design Chart for Off-Highway Trucks

H σr = 2 x __ x tan x ( / _ )

qG = qa + σ r qG = + = kPa (psi)