Exam – Midterm 1

A.) Matching type. Choose your best answer and write in CAPITAL letter.
1.) Cell death is greater than cell growth A. Death Phase
2.) Adaptation to the environment B. Log Phase
3.) Rapid growth period C. Stationary Phase
4.) No growth period D. Lag Phase
5.) Waste build-up
6.) The second steady line in the graph
7.) Reduction in oxygen supply
8.) Exponential growth phase
9.) growth = death
10.) period of initial adjustment

B.) Bacterial Growth Curve:

A. Lag phase B. Log Phase C. Stationary Phase D. Death Phase

1.) The organisms are all alive and are reproducing rapidly in the ____________________
2.) The industry that harvests products from microorganisms maintains the microbes in the
____________________.
3.) The healthiest stage of growth is observed in the ____________________.
4.) The organisms absorb nutrients, synthesize enzymes and prepare to reproduce in the
_________________________
5.) The number of living bacteria remain about the same with the dead ones in the
_________________.

C.) Arrange the following steps in order. Use numbers from 1 and up. One of the steps can be used more than
once but BE CAREFUL with this step as this will affect the sequence of events in the process if wrongly used.

Gram Staining:
A.) _______ Examine stained smear under the oil immersion objective.
B.) _______ Air dry the prepared smear.
C.) _______ Cover ( flood ) the smear with the counterstain ( safranin ) for 1 minute.
D.) _______ Air dry the stained smear.
E.) _______ Interpret results and make a report.
F.) _______ Make a bacterial smear on the glass slide.
J.) _______Cover(flood) the smear with Gram’s iodine solution for 1 minute.
H.) _______ Cover ( flood ) the smear with the decolorizer ( acetone or alcohol ) for 20 seconds ).
I.) _______ Heat-fix the dried smear.
J.) _______ Cover ( flood ) the smear with the primary stain ( crystal violet ) for 1 minute.
K.) _______ Rinse with clean water.

Acid Fast Staining:

A.) _______ Air dry the prepared smear.
B.) _______ Rinse with clean water.
C.) _______ Cover ( flood ) the smear with the counterstain ( methylene blue or malachite green ) for 1-2
minutes.
D.) _______Cover ( flood ) the smear with the decolorizer ( acid alcohol ) for 20 seconds ).
E.) _______ Interpret results and make a report.
F.) _______ Examine stained smear under the oil immersion objective.
G.) _______ Heat-fix the dried smear.
H.) _______ Cover ( flood ) the smear with the primary stain ( carbol fuchsin ).
I.) _______ Heat the primary stain-covered smear until vapor just begins to appear. Avoid overheating. Allow
the heated stain to remain on the slide for 5 minutes.
J.) _______ Air dry the stained smear.
K.) _______ Make a bacterial smear ( bleach-treated sputum ) on the glass slide.
C.) Complete the table below:
CAUSATIVE AGENT DISEASE(s)
1. Treponema pallidum
2. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
3. Mycobacterium leprae
4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
5. Bacillus anthracis
6. Clostridium tetani
7. Vibrio cholerae
8. Salmonella typhi
9. Staphylococcus aureus
10. Bordetella pertussis
11. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. Clostridium botulinum
13. Neisseria meningitides
14. Streptococcus pyogenes
15. Eschericia coli