应用报告

ZHCA058–2008年1月

优化带前馈电容的内置补偿
DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应
Brian Butterfield PMP – 便携式电源

摘要
本应用报告阐述了如何选择内置补偿 dc-dc 电源的前馈电容值(Cff)以实现最优化的
瞬态响应。应用报告的论述顺序提供了指向性，通过增加转换器的带宽，同时保
持足够的相位裕量以实现瞬态响应的优化。本文档旨在辅助所有希望优化其内置
补偿 dc-dc 转换器运转时的瞬态响应的电源设计人员。

目录
1 简介 1
2 带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络 2
3 结论 11
4 参考文献 11
图表目录
1 两个偏置电阻所组成的、用于设定输出电压的反馈网络 2
2 标准反馈分压器的传递函数 2
3 带附加前馈电容的反馈网络 3
4 带前馈电容的标准反馈分压器传递函数 3
5 不带前馈电容的内置补偿转换器 4
6 Tip && Barrel 测量方法 5
7 无前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应 5
8 阶跃响应 vs 环路相位裕量 6
9 不带前馈电容的 TPS61081 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图 6
10 带 82 pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应 8
11 带 82 pF前馈电容时 TPS61081 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图 8
12 带1000 pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对 0 至 100% 负载瞬变的响应 9
13 带1000 pF前馈电容时 TPS61081 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图 9
14 带 33 pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应 10
15 带 33 pF前馈电容时 TPS61081 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图 10

1 简介
内置补偿 dc-dc 转换器尽可能的减少了设计人员必须选取的外部元件数量，从而节省了设计及调试流程的耗
时。此类简化也从根本上制约了设计人员对转换器的瞬态响应进行优化的能力。尽管如此，对于某些内置
补偿转换器而言，在反馈网络中采用前馈电容仍然是推荐的优化方式。本文仅提供一般性的指南以辅助选

ZHCA058–2008年1月 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 
提交文档反馈
 http://www.ti.com.cn
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
www.ti.com
www.ti.com

Feedback
Feedback Network
Network With
With and
and Without
Without
取电容值，以改善瞬态响应。通过测量运作状态下的 thethe Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor dc-dc 转换器的瞬态或环路特性，可选定前馈电容值，
Capacitor
transient
transient response.
response. With
With measured
measured transient
transient
从而极大的改善转换器带宽，同时仍保持足够的相位裕量。此外，若能对前馈电容有更深的理解，设计人 or or
looploop characteristics
characteristics of of a working
a working dc-dc
dc-dc converter,
converter, aa
feedforward
feedforward capacitor
capacitor value
value can
can
员便能做更进一步的优化——获取更大的带宽或更大的相位裕量以满足其特定的性能需求。bebe chosen
chosen such
such that
that thethe converter
converter bandwidth
bandwidth is is significantly
significantly improved
improved
while
while stillstill maintaining
maintaining adequate
adequate phase
phase margin.
margin. Furthermore,
Furthermore, with
with a better
a better understanding
understanding of of
thethe
feedforward
feedforward capacitor,
capacitor, thethe designer
designer cancan
gogo
oneonestepstep further
further to to optimize
optimize either
either higher
higher bandwidth
bandwidth or or greater
greater
phase
phase margin
margin to to meet
meet specific
specific performance
performance requirements.
requirements.
2 带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络

22 无前馈电容时，内置补偿
Feedback
Feedback Network
Network dc-dc
With
With and 转换器的反馈网络由两个反馈电阻构成，用于设定转换器的输出电压，如图
and Without
Without the
the Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor
Capacitor
1Without
所示。图 2 展示了相应的增益及相位图。
a feedforward capacitor,
Without a feedforward capacitor, thethe feedback
feedback network
network of of
anan internally
internally compensated
compensated dc-dc
dc-dc converter
converter
consists
consists of of
twotwo feedback
feedback resistors
resistors used
used to to
setset
thethe output
output voltage
voltage of of
thethe converter,
converter, asas shown
shown in in Figure
Figure 1. 1.
Figure
Figure 2 shows
2 shows thethe corresponding
corresponding gain
gain and
and phase
phase plot.
plot.
Converter
Converter VOUT
VOUT

R1R1
470�k�
470�k�
VFB
VFB
R2R2
180�k�
180�k�

Figure
Figure 1. 1. Feedback
Feedback .Network
图Network Consisting
Consisting ofof
TwoTwo Bias
Bias
由两个偏置电阻组成的、用于设定输出电压的反馈网络 Resistors
Resistors Used
Used toto Set
Set Output
Output Voltage
Voltage

DC�gain�=�20log�[R2/(R1xR2)]
DC�gain�=�20log�[R2/(R1xR2)]

Figure
Figure 2. 2. Standard
Standard Feedback
Feedback Divider
Divider
图 . 标准反馈分压器的传递函数 Transfer
Transfer Function
Function

Figure
Figure 3 shows
3 shows thethe addition
addition of of
thethe feedforward
feedforward capacitor,
capacitor, C1C1 (Cff),
(Cff), in in
thethe feedback
feedback network
network and and Figure
Figure 44
图 3 展示了反馈网络及其附加的反馈电容C1 (Cff)，图 4 则展示了响应的增益及相位图。在网络中添加前馈
shows
shows thethe corresponding
corresponding gain
gain andand phase
phase plot.
plot. WithWiththethe addition
addition of of
thethe feedforward
feedforward capacitor
capacitor network,
network, thethe
converter
converter can
can more
more effectively
effectively
电容后，转换器的输出电源轨可以更高效的响应高频扰动。图 respond
respond to to high-frequency
high-frequency disturbances
2 及图 4
disturbances on
thethe output
on所示的粗体曲线所指明了两类反馈
output voltage
voltage rail.
rail. TheThe
bode
bode plots
plots in in Figure
Figure 2 2
andand Figure
Figure 4 4 show
show
网络在低频区域具有一致的响应。在中高频区域，C1 通路的阻抗降低造成了输出电源轨上扰动被衰减至较 that
that the the responses
responses of of each
each feedback
feedback network
network are
are identical
identical at at
lower
lower frequencies.
frequencies. AtAt mid-to-higher
mid-to-higher frequencies,
frequencies, disturbances
disturbances ononthethe output
output railrail
are are attenuated
attenuated less
less asasthethe
低，并有效地提供了更高的增益及相位。对于处于运作状态下的电源而言，增益及相位的增加将促使转换
impendence
impendence path
path through
through C1C1 decreases
decreases andand effectively
effectively provides
provides a boost
a boost in in gain
gain and and phase.
phase. In In a working
a working
power
power supply,
supply, thethe increased
increased gain
gain andand
器对瞬变负载产生更快的响应，因为反馈节点上所感应到的电压变化在更高的频率域被衰减至较低。转换 phase
phase correlates
correlates to to
thethe converter
converter responding
responding faster
faster to to transient
transient
loads
loads because
because thethe voltage
voltage
器进而产生响应，调节责任周期以便更快的修正输出电压的偏差。 deviation,
deviation, sensed
sensed at at
thethe feedback
feedback node,
node, is is attenuated
attenuated less
less at at higher
higher
frequencies.
frequencies. TheThe converter
converter reacts
reacts byby adjusting
adjusting thethe duty
duty cycle
cycle to to more
more quickly
quickly correct
correct thethe output
output voltage
voltage
deviation.
deviation.

 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 ZHCA058–2008年1月
提交文档反馈
2 2 Optimizing
Optimizing Transient
Transient Response
Response of Internally
of Internally Compensated
Compensated dc-dc
dc-dc Converters
Converters With
With Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor SLVA289
Capacitor SLVA289 – January
– January 2008
2008
Submit
Submit Documentation
Documentation Feedback
Feedback
 www.ti.com
http://www.ti.com.cn
www.ti.com
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
Converter VOUT
Converter VOUT

R1 C1
470�k�
R1 10�pF
C1
470�k� 10�pF

VFB
VFB
R2
180�k�
R2
180�k�

Figure 3. Feedback 图 Network With Addition of Feedforward Capacitor

. 带附加前馈电容的反馈网络
Figure 3. Feedback Network With Addition of Feedforward Capacitor
Although Cff introduces a gain boost after its zero frequency, loop phase boost is at a maximum between
Cff 在零点频率之后引入了一个增益增量，而环路相位增量的最大值则介于零点与极点频率之间；敬请参见
the zero and
Although Cffpole frequencies;
introduces a gainsee
boost theafter
following
its zeroEquation
frequency,1 and Equation
loop phase 2. Increasing
boost the value between
is at a maximum of Cff
下方的公式
shifts
the zero and1 pole
the zero 及公式 2。增加
and frequencies;
pole Cffsee
in Equation 的值将使零点和极点向低频偏移，如公式
1theto following
lower frequencies,
Equation 1and Equation12.
anddecreasing the value CffCthe
所示，降低
Increasing ff 的值则使得零点
shifts the of
value zero
Cff
and pole
shifts thetozero
和极点向高频偏移。直流增益由 higher
andfrequencies. The
pole in EquationR1 gain
及1 toR2at dc isfrequencies,
lower set by R1 and
确定。下列公式可用于计算如图 andR2. The following
decreasing 4 the equations
value calculate
Cff shifts
所示反馈网络的极点、零点及 the
the zero
pole,
and
直流增益。 zero,
pole and
to the
higher dc gain of
frequencies.the feedback
The gain atnetwork
dc is as
set is
by shown
R1 and in
R2.Figure
The 4.
following equations calculate the
pole, zero, and the 1 dc gain of the feedback network as is shown in Figure 4.
fz �
f z �2� � R11 � Cff (1)
2� � R1 � Cff (1)
Equation 1 calculates the zero frequency based on the feedforward capacitor value and the top bias
resistor,
Equation
公式 R1. fz is shownthe
1 calculates
1 基于反馈电容值及上偏压电阻 onzero
the plot inR1
frequency Figure 4. on the feedforward
based
计算零点频率。 fz 如图 4 的曲线图所示。capacitor value and the top bias
resistor, R1.1 fz is shown on the plot in Figure 4.
fp = ( 1 + 1
)
fp =
2� x1Cff R2
(
2� x Cff R2 R1
1 + R1 1
) (2)
(2)
Equation 2 calculates the pole frequency based on the feedforward capacitor value and both top and
bottom
Equation bias2 resistors,
calculatesR1 theand
poleR2. fp is shown
frequency basedin on
on the
the plot in Figurecapacitor
feedforward 4. value and both top and
公式
bottom 2 基于反馈电容值及上、下方的偏压电阻（
bias resistors, R1 and R2. fp is shown inR1 on及theR2plot
）计算极点频率。
in Figure 4. Fp 如图 4 的曲线图所示。
The�transfer�function�is�plotted�as:
The�transfer�function�is�plotted�as:
40
40
30
30
20
20
Gc(f)
10
c(f)
�Gc(f) fp
10
�c(f) fp
0
0
-10
-10 fz
-20 fz
-3 3 4
-20 0.01 0.1
1-10 1 10 100 1-10 1-10
-3 3 4
1-10 0.01 0.1 1 f/kHz10 100 1-10 1-10
f/kHz
Figure 4. Standard Feedback Divider With Feedfoward Capacitor Transfer Function
Figure 4. Standard Feedback Divider With Feedfoward Capacitor Transfer Function
图 . 带前馈电容的标准反馈分压器传递函数
To optimize transient response, a Cff value is chosen such that the gain and phase boost of the feedback
increases
To optimize
为优化瞬态响应， thetransient
bandwidth of the converter,
response, while
a Cff value still maintaining
is chosen
Cff 值是必须进行选择的，反馈的增益及相位增量在增大转换器带宽的同时，仍保持了可 such thatan theacceptable phaseboost
gain and phase margin. In general,
of the feedback
larger values
increases theof Cff provide
bandwidth ofgreater
the bandwidth
converter,
接受的相位裕量。一般来说，较大的 Cff 值提供了更大的带宽改善。然而，若 Cff 值过大，前 whileimprovements.
still maintaining However,
an if Cff
acceptable is too
phase large, the
margin. feedforward
In general,
馈电容将导
capacitor causes
larger values theprovide
of Cff loop gain to crossover
greater tooimprovements.
bandwidth high in frequency and theifCff
However, Cffphase boost contribution
is too large, is
the feedforward
致环路频域的增益穿越至太高的值，而
insufficient, resulting
capacitor causes theinloop
unacceptable Cff 相位增量的上涨则不够充分，导致相位裕量超过了可接受范围或
phase
gain to crossover margin
too high orininstability.
frequencyRecommended
and the Cff phaselimitations of Cff is
boost contribution is
discussed
不稳定。 later
insufficient,
Cff in this
resulting document.
in unacceptable
推荐的极限值将在本文档后续部分讨论。 phase margin or instability. Recommended limitations of Cff is
discussed later in this document.

SLVA289 – January
ZHCA058–2008 年2008
1月 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward
优化带前馈电容的内置补偿 Capacitor
DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 3
Submit Documentation
SLVA289
提交文档反馈 Feedback
– January 2008 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor 3
Submit Documentation Feedback
 http://www.ti.com.cn
www.ti.com
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
2.1
2.1 前馈电容值的最优化流程
Feedforward Capacitor Value Optimization Process
The following process outlines a step-by-step procedure for optimizing the feedforward capacitor.
下列各项逐步列举了前馈电容的最优化流程。
1. Determine the crossover frequency of an internally compensated dc-dc converter with an unpopulated
feedforward capacitor (f_nocff)
1. 通过非固定的前馈电容 (f_nocff).确定内置补偿
In certain circumstance, this can be calculated,
dc-dc 转换器的穿越频率 but for this。在特定的
(crossover frequency) application
report, this optimization procedure is based
情况下，频率值可通过计算得到，但对于该应用报告而言，最优化流程是基于所测得的转换器特性。您 on measured converter characteristics. You can determine
the crossover frequency (converter bandwidth) with transient analysis or by using a network analyzer.
可以通过瞬态分析或采用网络分析仪确定穿越频率（转换器带宽）。两类方法都将进行说明。
Both methods are shown.
2. Once the crossover frequency is known, a few equations allow calculation of a feedforward capacitor
2. 一旦穿越频率被确认，便可采用少数几个公式对前馈电容值进行计算，此类公式在带宽改善及可接受的
value which prompts a good compromise between bandwidth improvement and acceptable phase
margin. Improvement in transient and loop response is shown with transient analysis and frequency
相位裕量之间做了很好的折衷权衡。瞬态响应及环路响应的改善将通过瞬态分析及频率分析得以展示，
analysis to confirm the design.
并确认设计。
3. If the designer chooses to optimize for higher bandwidth or increased phase margin (more damping),
guidance is provided.
3. 如果设计人员选择针对更高的带宽或增加相位裕量（更多的衰减）进行优化，本报告也提供了相应的指南。

2.2 Determining the Crossover Frequency

2.2 确定穿越频率
The TPS61081 is used in this example to determine the crossover frequency. This example can be
applied to other internally
此处的示例采用了 TPS61081compensated dc-dc converters which recommend external feedforward
来确定穿越频率。对于推荐在反馈网络中采用前馈电容的其他内置补偿 dc-dc 转换
capacitors in the feedback network.
器而言，该示例的方法也同样适用。
After using the data sheet guidelines to choose all appropriate external components, remove the
feedforward capacitor, and measure the converters crossover frequency by using transient analysis or a
在使用数据表指南选定所有适当的外部元件之后，移除前馈电容，并使用瞬态分析或网络分析仪测量转换器的
network analyzer. Note that to determine the crossover frequency, f_nocff, the feedforward capacitor must
穿越频率。在此需注意，为了确定穿越频率，前馈电容 f_nocff 必须保持开路，如图 5 所示。
be left open as shown in Figure 5.

Open

Figure 5. Internally Compensated Converter Without Feedforward Capacitor

图 . 不带前馈电容的内置补偿转换器

Figure 6 shows the tip and barrel measurement method set up for transient analysis. A transient load is
图 6 展示了瞬态分析所设定的 tip && barrel 测量方法。瞬变负载连接至电源电路的输出端，同时采用电流探针测
connected to the output of the power supply circuit, while a current probe measures the transient load
量瞬变负载的电流， tip &&
current, and a tip and barrel
barrel voltage probe measures the voltage deviation during transient load conditions
电压探针测量输出端负载瞬变状态下电压的偏移。
on the output.

 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 ZHCA058–2008年1月
4 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor SLVA289提交文档反馈
– January 2008
Submit Documentation Feedback
 www.ti.com
www.ti.com
http://www.ti.com.cn
FeedbackNetwork
Feedback NetworkWith
Withand 带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
andWithout
Without theFeedforward
the FeedforwardCapacitor
Capacitor

Figure6.6.Tip
Figure Tipand
andBarrel
BarrelMeasurement
MeasurementTechnique
Technique
图 . Tip && Barrel 测量方法
Thetip
The tipand
andbarrel
barrelmeasurement
measurementtechnique
techniqueininFigure
Figure66isisused
usedtotominimize
minimizecoupling
couplingmagnetic
magneticfields
fieldsand
and
如图
obtain6 所示的
obtain moretip
aamore && barrel
accurate
accurate 测量方法用于最小化耦合的磁场，并在瞬变负载改变期间获取更为精确的电压波形。
voltage
voltage waveformduring
waveform duringtransient
transientload
loadtransitions.
transitions.TP14
TP14isisconnected
connectedtotothe the
measured
measured
TP14 signalwhereas
signal
联结至测量信号，而 whereas TP15
TP15
TP15 isisconnected
则连接至地。 connected toto及
TP14 ground.
ground. TP14
TP14
TP15 在图 andTP15
and TP15arearenot
notshown
5 中并未标示。如果电源上没有包含适合的探点 shownininFigure
Figure5.5.IfIfthe
the
powersupply
power supplydoes doesnotnotinclude
includethe
theappropriate
appropriatetesttestpoints,
points,the
thetest
testpoints
pointscan
canbebestrategically
strategicallyplaced
placedusing
using
(test
bus point)
buswire.
，则可通过布置总线的策略生成探点。推荐的总线探点位于转换器输出电容上最靠近负载的位置。图
wire.ItItisisrecommended
recommendedthat thatthe thebus
buswire
wiretest
testpoints
pointsbe
betacked
tackedonto
ontothe
theconverter
converteroutput
outputcapacitor
capacitor
7closest
closest
展示了通过 totothe
the tipload. Figure
&& barrel
load. Figure 77shows
showsthe
测量方法所测得的 theTPS61081
TPS61081
TPS61081 transient
transient responseas
response
瞬态响应。图示曲线的测量采用了 asmeasured
measuredwith with thetip
the tipand
andbarrel
TPS61081EVM-147 barrel
评
technique.
technique. The
The plots
plots are
are taken
taken using
using
估板，采用Vin = 5 V、Vout = 12 V，负载瞬变从 0 mA 至 160 mA 。 the
the TPS61081EVM-147
TPS61081EVM-147 with
with Vin
Vin ==55 V,
V, Vout
Vout == 12
12 V,
V, and
and a a load
load
transientfrom
transient from00mA mAtoto160
160mA.
mA.

Approximate
Approximate
Crossover�Frequency
Crossover�Frequency

Figure7.7.Voltage
Figure VoltageTransient
TransientininResponse
Responseto
toLoad
LoadTransient
TransientWithout
WithoutFeedforward
FeedforwardCapacitor
Capacitor
图 . 无前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应
About0.9
About 0.9VVofofoutput
outputvoltage
voltagedeviation
deviationfromfromthe thedcdcvoltage
voltagesetsetpoint
pointisisobserved.
observed.TheThevoltage
voltagewaveform
waveforminin
可观察到输出电压从直流电平预设点偏移了约
Figure77provides
Figure providesinsight
insighttotothe
theconverter 0.9 V。图frequency
convertercrossover
crossover 7 所示的电压波形直观的展示了转换器的穿越频率，如
frequency asdescribed
as describedininEvaluation
Evaluationand
and
《Performance
Performance
Evaluation and Optimization
Performanceofof
Optimization FullyIntegrated
Fully Integrated
Optimization of Fully DC/DC
DC/DC Converters
Converters
Integrated (Topic77of
(Topic
DC/DC Converters ofthe
the2006
》所述（全集成 2006Portable
Portable
DC/DC Power
Power
转换器的
DesignSeminar).
Design
评估及性能优化， Seminar).2006The年便携式电源设计研讨会的第七项议题）。电压偏移波型对负载瞬变响应的频点与转换
The frequencyofofthe
frequency thevoltage
voltagedeviation
deviationwaveform
waveformininresponse
responsetotoaaload
loadtransient
transientisis
relatedtotothe
related thecrossover
crossoverfrequency
frequencyofofthe theconverter.
converter.Using
Usingthetheoscilloscope's
oscilloscope'scursors,
cursors,the
thecrossover
crossover
器的穿越频率相关。使用示波器探针所测得的穿越频率是近似的。在该示例中，瞬态纹波的频率约为
frequencyisisapproximated.
frequency approximated.The Thefrequency
frequencyofofthe thetransient
transientripple
rippleininthis
thisexample approximately15
exampleisisapproximately 15kHz
15 。
kHz.
kHz.
Notethat
Note thatthe
而注意到电压偏移在瞬变发生thevoltage
voltagedeviation
deviation begins
30begins totocorrect
correct30 30µsµsafter
afterthe
ms 后即实现校正。随着转换器穿越频率的提升，由于电压的偏移在更短的时 thetransient
transientoccurs.
occurs.AsAsthe
thecrossover
crossover
frequency
frequency of
of the
the converter
converter
间内即实现校正，导致电压偏移减小，说明转换器响应切实得到了改善。 is
is increased,
increased, itit is
is confirmed
confirmed that
that the
the converter
converter response
response is
is improved
improved asthe
as the
voltagedeviation
voltage deviationbegins
beginstotocorrect
correctininless
lesstime,
time,resulting
resultingininless
lessvoltage
voltagedeviation.
deviation.

SLVA289––January
SLVA289 January
ZHCA058–2008 月 OptimizingTransient
2008 Optimizing
年12008 TransientResponse
ResponseofofInternally
InternallyCompensated
Compensated dc-dcConverters
ConvertersWith
优化带前馈电容的内置补偿
dc-dc WithFeedforward
Feedforward
DC-DC Capacitor
转换器的瞬态响应
Capacitor 55
SubmitDocumentation
Submit
提交文档反馈 DocumentationFeedback
Feedback
 www.ti.com
www.ti.com
http://www.ti.com.cn
Feedback
FeedbackNetwork
NetworkWith
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络 Withand
andWithout
Withoutthe
theFeedforward
FeedforwardCapacitor
Capacitor

22
��=�15°
=�15°
��=�30°
=�30°
��=�45°
=�45°
��=�60°
=�60°
1.5
1.5

11

Crossover
Crossover
0.5
0.5 Frequency
Frequency

00
00 55 10
10 15
15 20
20
�t
�t

Figure 图
Figure8.8. . 阶跃响应
Step
Step vs.vs
Response
Response 环路相位裕量
vsLoop
LoopPhase
PhaseMargin
Margin
图8源自 2006 年便携式电源设计研讨会的主题论文——完全集成 DC/DC 转换器的评估及性能优化 （Evaluation
Using
UsingFigure
Figure88from
fromthethe2006
2006Portable
PortablePower
PowerDesign
DesignSeminar
Seminartopic paperEvaluation
topicpaper Evaluationand
andPerformance
Performance
and Performance
Optimization
Optimization of Fully Integrated DC/DCthe Convertersmargin
），环路的相位裕量可充分近似的估计。比较
OptimizationofofFully
FullyIntegrated
IntegratedDC/DC
DC/DCConverters,
Converters, thephase
phase marginofofthetheloop
loopcan
canbe
beadequately
adequately
图 7 及图 8，可见
approximated.
approximated. TPS61081
Comparing
Comparing the two
twoplots,
plots,thetheTPS61081
TPS61081measured
measuredthe
所测得的瞬态响应与蓝色迹线的振荡次数最为接近，仅具有少量的振荡。这就意味
the thetransient
transientresponse
responsemost
mostresembling
resembling
the
thenumber
numberofofoscillations
着所测量的环路具有比 oscillations
30 of
ofthe
the
略小的相位裕量。blue
blue trace
trace with
with just
justslightly
slightlymore
moreoscillation.
oscillation.This
Thismeans
means that
thatthe
the
measured
measuredloop
loophas
hasjust
justslightly
slightlyless
lessthan
than30°30°ofofphase
phasemargin.
margin.

2.3 Determining
2.3
2.3
采用频率分析确定穿越频率
Determiningthe
theCrossover
CrossoverFrequency
FrequencyUsing
UsingFrequency
FrequencyAnalysis
Analysis
Because
Becausefrequency
frequencyanalysis
analysisequipment
equipmentisiscostly,
costly,using
由于频率分析设备较为昂贵，选用此类设备并非随时可行。然而，若能使用此类设备，穿越频率可快速的测 usingsuch
suchequipment
equipmentisisnotnotalways
alwaysan anoption.
option.However,
However,
when
whensuch
such equipment
equipment is
isavailable,
available,the
thecrossover
crossover
定。与瞬态分析估算相比，频率分析的方法更为精确，应尽可能的采用。图 9 展示了针对图 5 所示示例电路的frequency
frequency can
canbe
bequickly
quickly measured.
measured. This
Thismethod
method isis
more
moreaccurate
accuratethan
thanthe
thetransient
transientanalysis
analysisapproximation
approximationand andshould
shouldbebeused
usedwhen
whenpossible.
possible.Figure
Figure99
频率分析控制环路。
shows
showsthe
thefrequency
frequencyanalysis
analysisofofthe
thecontrol
controlloop
loopfor
forthe
theexample
examplecircuit
circuitininFigure
Figure5.5.

1�Side�Bar:
1�Side�Bar:
15.73�k�Frequency�(Hz)
15.73�k�Frequency�(Hz)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
27.87����Phase�(deg)
27.87����Phase�(deg)
-1.78�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)
-1.78�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)

Figure
Figure9.9.Loop
LoopGain
Gain
图 and
andPhase
PhasePlot
. 不带前馈电容的 Plotof
ofTPS61081
TPS61081
TPS0 Circuit
CircuitWithout
WithoutFeedforward
电路的环路增益及相位曲线图 FeedforwardCapacitor
Capacitor

一旦通过网络分析仪获得环路增益及相位曲线图，穿越频率就可快速确知。相位裕量为
Once
Oncethe
theloop
loopgain
gainand
andphase
phaseplot
plotisisobtained
obtainedwith
withaanetwork
networkanalyzer,
analyzer,the
thecrossover 28frequency
crossover °，与瞬态分析估算
frequencyisisquickly
quickly
noted.
noted.
的比 The
30The phase
phasemargin
margin
°略小的结果吻合。穿越频率测定为 is
is28°
28°which
which confirms
confirmsthe
16 kHzthe
，与transient
transient
15 kHz analysis
analysis
的估算值吻合。 approximation
approximation of
of being
beingjust
justless
lessthan
than
30°.
30°.The
Thecrossover
crossoverfrequency
frequencyalso
alsoisismeasured
measuredatat16
16kHz
kHzwhich
whichisisclose
closetotothe
the15-kHz
15-kHzapproximation.
approximation.

66 Optimizing
OptimizingTransient
TransientResponse ofofInternally
InternallyCompensated
Response转换器的瞬态响应 Compensateddc-dc
dc-dcConverters
ConvertersWith
WithFeedforward
FeedforwardCapacitor
Capacitor SLVA289
SLVA289––January
January2008
2008
 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿 DC-DC ZHCA058–2008年1月
Submit
SubmitDocumentation
DocumentationFeedback
Feedback
提交文档反馈
 www.ti.com
www.ti.com
www.ti.com
http://www.ti.com.cn
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
www.ti.com Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
2.4 Calculating the Feedforward Capacitor forFeedback
Optimum Loop
Network Response
With 带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
2.4 Calculating the Feedforward Capacitor forFeedback
Optimum Network
Loop With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
Response
2.4 Calculating the Feedforward
With the crossover frequency with Capacitor for Optimum
no Cff identified Loop
(f_nocff), the valueResponse
of Cff can be calculated for
2.4 计算前馈电容以优化环路响应
2.4 Calculating
optimum
the Feedforward
With the crossover frequencybywith
transient response
Capacitor
no Cff Cff
choosing
for Optimum
identified (f_nocff),
such that
Loop
the
the zero value
and
Response
of frequency
pole Cff can be geometrically
calculated forstraddle
With
optimum the crossover frequencybywith
transient response no Cff Cff
choosing identified
such that(f_nocff),
the zerotheandvalue of frequency
pole Cff can be calculated forstraddle
f_nocff.
With the crossover frequency with no Cff identified (f_nocff), the value of Cff can be geometrically
calculated for
无optimum
f_nocff.
C 时的穿越频率确定 transient response
(f_nocff) by choosing
后，便可通过计算选定 Cff such that
C the zero and
值，使零点和极点频率在几何上横跨 pole frequency geometrically
f_nocff，以实现 straddle
optimum
ff transient response by choosing Cff such thatff the zero and pole frequency geometrically straddle
f_nocff.
f_nocff = 16 kHz Converter crossover frequency with no Cff
f_nocff.
瞬态响应的优化。
f_nocff = 16 kHz Converter crossover frequency with no Cff
f_nocff
R1 = 442 = 16kΩkHz Converter
R2 = 49.9 crossover
kΩ frequency with no Cff
f_nocff = 16 kHz Converter crossover frequency with no Cff
R1 = =
f_nocff 442 kΩ 无 Cff 时转换器的穿越频率
16 kHz R2 = 49.9 kΩ
R1 = 442 kΩ R2 = 49.9 kΩ
R1 = 442 kΩ R2 = 49.9 kΩ
R1 = 442 kW R2 = 49.9 kW
R1 and R2 are the feedback bias resistors used to set the output voltage of the converter as shown in
R1
Figureand5.R2 are the feedback bias resistors used to set the output voltage of the converter as shown in
R1
R1 及and
Figure R2 are the feedback bias resistors used to set the 5output
R2 是反馈偏压电阻，用于设定转换器的输出电压，如图 所示。voltage of the converter as shown in
R1 and5.R2 are the feedback bias resistors used to set the output voltage of the converter as shown in
Equation
Figure 5. 3 calculates the geometric mean of the feedback network's zero and pole frequencies. The
Figure 5. 3 calculates the geometric mean of the feedback network's zero and pole frequencies. The
Equation
geometric
公式 mean frequency equation is used to calculate the frequency where the phase boost from the
3 计算反馈网络的零点和极点频率的几何平均值。该几何平均值频率公式用于计算零点和极点之间相位增
Equation
geometric 3mean
calculates
frequencythe geometric
equation mean
is used oftothe feedback
calculate
Cff isthe network's
frequency zero andequations
where pole frequencies. The
zero
Equation and pole3 is at
calculates a maximum.
the geometric However,
mean because
of the feedback currently
network's unknown,
zero andthe phase
pole fzboost
and fp
frequencies. fromarethe
The left in
geometric
量最大值的频点。然而，由于
zero
variable and mean
pole
form. is frequency
at a maximum. equation
C is
尚无法确定，公式中的
However, used to calculate
because fz is pcurrently unknown, equations fz and fp arethe
Cff及 the
f frequency
仍保留变量形式。 where the phase boost from left in
geometric mean frequency equation is used to calculate the frequency where the phase boost from the
ff
zero andform.
variable pole is at a maximum. However, because Cff is currently unknown, equations fz and fp are left in
zero and pole is at a maximum. However, because Cff is currently unknown, equations fz and fp are left in
variable
variable
form.
F geometric_mean
form. �
� � f z � f p�
�
F geometric_mean � �f z � f p� (3)
F
�
F geometric_mean � ��f z � f p��
� f f
(3)
Equation
公式 4 设定无 4 sets the geometricz mean
�
Cff 时转换器穿越频率等于几何均值频率。
geometric_mean � p frequency equal to the converter crossover frequency with no Cff. (3)
Equation 4 sets the geometric mean frequency equal to the converter crossover frequency with no Cff. (3)
Equation
Equation
4 sets
f _noCff
4 sets �
� the
� the�fzgeometric
� f p�
geometric
mean frequency equal to the converter crossover frequency with no Cff.
mean frequency equal to the converter crossover frequency with no Cff.
f _noCff � �f z � f p� (4)
Setting f _noCff
�
f _noCff � ��f z � f p��
�
the geometric
� fz � meanf p frequency equal to the converter crossover frequency with no Cff positions the
(4)
(4)
Setting thephase
geometric (4)
maximum boostmean of Cfffrequency
at f_nocff.equal to thebecause
However, converter Cffcrossover
introduces frequency
a boost inwith no Cff
phase and positions
in gain, the
Setting
设定无
maximum
the C
newthe the geometric
时转换器穿越频率等于几何均值频率即是定位
phase
crossover boost mean
of
frequency Cfffrequency
at f_nocff. equal
occurs at equal to
However,
a frequency the converter
C
because
greater thanCff crossover
所引起的最大相位增量频点处于
introduces frequency
the geometrica boost with
in
mean no
f_nocff
phase Cff
and positions
。然而，由于 in gain, the
Setting ff
geometric mean frequency to the converter
ff
crossover frequency withfrequency.
no Cff positions the
Cmaximum
the new crossover
Therefore,
maximum
phase
the new
phase
boost of Cff at
frequency
converter
boost of Cff at
ff 引入了相位及增益的增量，新的穿越频率出现在比几何均值频点更大的频点上。因此，取决于
f_nocff.
occurs
crossover
f_nocff.at aHowever,
frequencybecause
frequency
However, greater
does
because not Cff
than introduces
occur
Cff the a boost
at geometric
the maximum
introduces a boost
inphase
mean phase
in phase
and
frequency.
boost
C
and
in gain,
frequency
in
ff ，新的转换 gain,
the
due new
Therefore,
to Cff, crossover
the
but new frequency
crossesconverter occurs
crossover
over atoccurs
a higher at a frequency
frequency greater
does than
not than
occur the geometric
at geometric
the maximum mean frequency.
phase boostwhile
frequency
the new crossover frequency
器穿越频率将不定位在相位增量最大的频点上，而是穿越更高的频率，促使转换器响应时间更短，同时仍得益 at afrequency
frequencyfacilitating
greater a faster
the converter response
mean time,
frequency. still
Therefore,
due to Cff, the
benefitting but new
from crossesconverter
additional over atcrossover
phase a higher frequency
boost. frequency
The following does not confirm
facilitating
plots occur
a fasteratthat
the maximum
converter
the phase
response
converter boostwhile
time,
response frequency
still
Therefore, the new converter crossover frequency does not occur at the maximum phase boost time does
frequency
due to
benefitting Cff, but
from crosses
additional over at
phase
于附加的相位增量。通过下方的曲线图可切实确定转换器的响应时间得到了改善，并因此观测到瞬变电压偏移
indeed improve, and asover a result, a higher
boost. frequency
The
less transient facilitating
following
voltage plots a faster
confirm
deviation converter
that the
is observed. response
converter time,
response while
time still
does
due to Cff, but crosses at a higher frequency facilitating a faster converter response time, while still
benefitting
indeed from additional
improve, and as a phase less
result, boost. The following
transient voltage plots confirm
deviation is that the converter response time does
observed.
benefitting from additional phase boost. The following plots confirm that the converter response time does
量的减小。
Substituting
indeed improve, Equation
and as 1 and Equation
a result, 2 into Equation
less transient voltage4deviation
results inisEquation
observed. 5, which is now a function of
indeed
Substituting improve, and as a result, less transient voltage4deviation
results inisEquation
observed.
R1, R2, and Equation Cff. 1 and Equation 2 into Equation 5, which is now a function of
Substituting
将公式
R1, R2, 1 及公式
and Equation
2
Cff. 代入公式 1 and 4 Equation 25，该公式是
，得到公式 into Equation R1 4 R2
、 results
及 Cffin的函数。Equation 5, which is now a function of
Substituting Equation 1 and Equation 2 into Equation 4 results in Equation 5, which is now a function of
R1, R2, and Cff.
R1, R2, and Cff.
f _noCff � �
� �� 2� � R1
1 ����
1 � Cff 2� �
1 ��
1 Cff R2
1 � 1
1 � R1 ����
1
f _noCff �
f _noCff �
f _noCff �
Solving for Cff results
�
��� 2� � R1 1 ����
1 � Cff 2� �
2� � R1 � Cff 2� � Cff R2 � R1
2�in�aR1 � Cff 2�capacitor
feedforward
1 Cff R2
1
� Cff R2
�� 1 � R1
1
valueR1
����
1
1
for optimum transient response, Cff_op.
(5)
(5)
(5)
Solving for Cff results in a feedforward capacitor value for optimum transient response, Cff_op. (5)
Solving
求解
Solving
for
CffCff_op Cff results
即可获得前馈电容取值以用于优化瞬态响应，
for Cff 1 in a
�
feedforward
�results in a feedforward
Cff_op � 2� � 1 f _nocff ��� 1 ��
1 �
R1
capacitor
1
capacitor
� R1 1 �� R2
1 value
��Cff_opfor optimum
。 transient response,
1value for optimum transient response, Cff_op.
Cff_op.

Cff_op � 2� � 1f _nocff �
Cff_op � 2� � f
1
2� � f _nocff
�
��
1
R1 ��
1 � R1
R1 � R1 � R2
R1 R1
1
1 � R2
1
1
R2
��
Cff_op � 7.066 � 10�11 _nocff �11
(6)
Cff_op � 7.066 � 10�11 (6)
Cff_op
WhereCff_op f_nocff � 7.066 � 10
�=7.066
16 kHz, � 10 R1�11
= 442 kHz, and R2 = 49.9 kHz. Rounding the calculated Cff value up to the (6)
(6)
Where
next nearest f_nocffstandard
= 16 kHz, R1 = 442
capacitor kHz,rounds
value, and R2to=82 49.9
pF.kHz. Rounding the calculated Cff value up to the
Where
next f_nocffstandard
nearest = 16 kHz, R1 = 442
capacitor kHz,rounds
value, and R2to=82 49.9
pF. kHz. Rounding the calculated Cff value up to the
Where =f_nocff = pF
16 = kHz, R1
kHz=且 442
R2kHz, and R2将计算所得的
= 49.9 kHz. Rounding the calculated Cff value up to the
nextCff_std
f_nocff 16 kHz
nearest = standard
82
、 R1 442capacitor value,= 49.9
roundskHz. to 82 pF. 值按舍入法进位到下一最接近的标准电容值，
nextCff_std
nearest = standard
82 pF capacitor value, rounds to 82 pF.
取值为 82 pF=
Cff_std 。82 pF
Cff_std = 82 pF
2.5 Improvement
2.5 Cff_std
Improvement
= 82 pF
2.5 Improvement
Figure 10 shows the improved transient response with the addition of the 82-pF Cff capacitor. The
2.5 Improvement
Figure 10 responds
converter shows theinimproved transient
14 µs with Cff = 82response with the
pF compared addition
to 30 of theCff.
µs without 82-pF
TheCff capacitor.
maximum The
transient
Figure 10
converter shows the
responds inimproved transient
µs with
14mV with = 82response
Cff compared withmV
pF compared the addition of theCff.
µs without
to without
30 82-pF
TheCff capacitor.
maximum The
transient
2.5 改善
voltage deviation
Figure 10 is 377
shows the improved Cff
transient to 900
response with the additionCff.
of the 82-pF Cff capacitor.
converter responds in 14 µs with Cff = 82 pF compared to 30 µs without Cff. The maximum transient
The
voltage deviation
converter respondsis 377
in 14mV
µs with
with Cff
Cff compared to 900 mV
= 82 pF compared to without Cff. Cff. The maximum transient
30 µs without
voltage deviation is 377 mV with Cff compared to 900 mV without Cff.
图 10 展示了在添加
voltage deviation is82377
pF mV
的 Cwith Cff compared to 900 mV without Cff.
ff 电容后瞬态响应的改善。转换器的响应时间从无 Cff 时的 30 ms 缩短至 Cff = 82
pF 时的 14 ms ，最大瞬变电压从无 Cff 时的 900 mV 缩短至 Cff = 82 pF 时的 377 mV。

SLVA289 – January 2008 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor 7
SLVA289 – January 2008
Submit Documentation Optimizing Transient Response
Feedback of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor 7
SLVA289 – January
ZHCA058–2008
Submit 年1月 2008
Documentation Optimizing Transient Response
Feedback of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters WithDC-DC
优化带前馈电容的内置补偿 Feedforward Capacitor
转换器的瞬态响应  7
SLVA289 – January 2008 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor 7
Submit Documentation Feedback
提交文档反馈
Submit Documentation Feedback
 http://www.ti.com.cn
www.ti.com
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor

Figure 10. Voltage Transient in Response to a Load Transient With 82-pF Feedforward Capacitor
图0. 带 pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应

7�Side�Bar:
47.89�k�Frequency�(Hz)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
54.91����Phase�(deg)
-0.976�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)

Figure 11. Loop Gain and Phase Plot of TPS61081 Circuit With 82-pF Feedforward Capacitor
图. 带 pF前馈电容时 TPS0 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图

Figure 11 shows that the network analyzer also confirms the improved bandwidth with adequate phase
图 11 所示的网络分析仪分析结果也验证了带宽的改善，并保持了足够的相位裕量。对于该示例而言，所添加的
margin. For this example, the addition of the Cff capacitor increased the bandwidth by a factor of 3, from
16
C kHz to 48 kHz, and
ff 电容使带宽增加了 increased
3 倍——从 16 the
kHzphase margin
到 48 kHz to an acceptable 55°.
，并使相位裕量增加至可接受的 55°。
For most applications, this is an optimum placement of the feedforward capacitor response. Increasing the
对于大多数应用而言，这是前馈电容响应的最优化配比。增大前馈电容值将驱使零点和极点频率更靠近原点，
feedforward capacitance value pushes both the zero and pole frequencies closer to the origin which
increases the crossover frequency but can result in lower overall phase margin. This corresponds
从而提升了穿越频率，但会降低总体相位裕量，并以此为代价相应的提升环路的响应速度。降低 to a
Cff 值将会导
faster loop at the expense of lower phase margin.
致相反的结果——前馈电容提升增益及相位的效果不断减小，直至低于某个确定频点，响应已经逼近无 C Decreasing the Cff value results in the opposite result
ff 的状
until a certain point where the feedforward capacitor gain and phase boost contribution diminishes and
approaches the Cresponse
态。采用过小的 ff 值将使得引入的零点和极点频率过高，实际上过多的削弱了对环路响应的影响，导致性能改
of having no Cff. Having too small a Cff value injects a zero and pole at
frequencies too high and effectively too late in loop response, resulting in little or no performance
善很小或无性能改善。
improvement

2.6 Optimizing Toward a Faster Loop At the Expense of Less Phase Margin
2.7 针对高速环路以损失相位裕量为代价进行优化
To reduce transient ripple even more, the feedforward capacitor value can be increased to push the
为了更多的抑制瞬变纹波，可增大前馈电容值以便提升穿越频率。尽管该方法可更多的降低电压偏移并提高环
crossover to higher frequencies. Although this can decrease the voltage deviation even more and speed
up loop response, more ringing is observed because less phase boost is added from the (ringing)
路的响应速度，但也因为在新的穿越频率点上源自前馈电容的相位增量减少而导致更多的振铃 feedforward
。增大 Cff
capacitor at the new crossover frequency. Larger Cff
值将导致转换器穿越频率升高，而最大相位增量则向低频移动，以至较大的 Cff 值所提供的相位增量减少。在此 values provide less phase boost because increasing

 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 ZHCA058–2008年1月
8 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor SLVA289 – January 2008
提交文档反馈
Submit Documentation Feedback
 www.ti.com
www.ti.com
http://www.ti.com.cn
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
Cff causes
Cff causes the the converter
converter to to cross
cross over
over atat higher
higher frequencies
frequencies while while thethe maximum
maximum phase phase boost
boost moves
moves to to
lower frequencies. It
frequencies. It is 30
建议保持前馈电容小于
lower is recommended to
°相位裕量时所对应的电容值，从而以相位裕量
recommended keep the feedforward capacitor
to keep the feedforward capacitor value value smaller
30°作为最低的相位裕量指标。此 than the
smaller than the value value
which corresponds
which corresponds to to 30°
30° of
of phase
phase margin,
margin, so so that
that aa phase
phase margin
margin ≥30° ≥30° is is the
the minimum
minimum phase phase margin
margin
时，如果有必要，响应的
target. This corresponding CffCff value limit must be determined empirically, if required. ItCis
值将必须以经验的方法确定。一般来说，不推荐过多的增大 ff 值至大于所计算得
generally not
target. This corresponding Cff value limit must be determined empirically, if required. It is generally not
recommended
到的最优化 to
Cff 。 increase Cff significantly greater than the
recommended to increase Cff significantly greater than the calculated optimized Cff.calculated optimized Cff.
Figure 12
Figure 12 and Figure
Figure 13 13 show
show thethe same
same converter
converter usingusing aa 1000-pF
1000-pF feedforward
feedforward capacitor
capacitor whichwhich is
is much
much
图 12 及图and 13 展示了同一转换器采用 1000 pF 前馈电容的状况，由于试图加快环路相应，所采用的电容值比最
larger
larger than the initially optimized capacitor value in an attempt to speed up the
than the initially optimized capacitor value in an attempt to speed up the loop response. It is seen loop response. It is seen
that the converter
converter begins
begins to to correct
correct the
初的最优化电容值大了许多。可见转换器修正电压偏差至直流的速度得到了提升，并导致电压偏差降低，偏差
that the the deviation
deviation from
from dcdc faster
faster and
and results
results in in less
less voltage
voltage deviation,
deviation, atat
258
值为mV.
258 mV.
258mVUsing
Using the network
。采用网络分析仪分析，测量得到穿越频率从 analyzer, the resulting
the network analyzer, the resulting crossover crossover
48 kHz frequency
改善至 73
frequency is improved from
kHz，但代价是使相位裕量降低至
is improved 48 kHz to
from 48 kHz to 73 kHz 73 kHz
at
at the expense of lower phase margin, now at 22°, which is lower than that generally recommended. In
22the
this
expense of lower phase margin,14
°，低于一般的推荐值。与最优化的
transient response,
response, the the voltage
now
msat
voltage deviation
deviation
22°, which is lower than that 9generally
响应相比，此时的瞬态响应可在
begins to to correct
correct in µs as
in 99 µs as opposed ms 内实现电压偏差修正。
opposed
recommended. In
to the
the optimized
optimized 14-µs
14-µs
this transient begins to
response.
response.

Figure 12.
Figure 12. Voltage
Voltage Transient
Transient in
in Response
Response to
to aa 00 to
to 100%
100% Load
Load Transient
Transient With
With 1000-pF
1000-pF Feedforward
Feedforward
图. 带000 pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对 Capacitor
Capacitor 0 至 00% 负载瞬变的响应

21�Side�Bar:
21�Side�Bar:
73.15�k�Frequency�(Hz)
73.15�k�Frequency�(Hz)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
21.97����Phase�(deg)
21.97����Phase�(deg)
-1.37�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)
-1.37�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)

Figure 13.
Figure 13. Loop
Loop Gain
Gain and
and Phase
Phase Plot
Plot of
of TPS61081
TPS61081 Circuit
Circuit With
With 1000-pF
1000-pF Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor
Capacitor
图. 带000 pF前馈电容时 TPS0 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图

SLVA289 – January 2008 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor 9
SLVA289 – January
ZHCA058–2008 年2008 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated
1月 Feedback dc-dc Converters With Feedforward
优化带前馈电容的内置补偿 Capacitor
DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 9
Submit Documentation
Submit
提交文档反馈Documentation Feedback
 http://www.ti.com.cn
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
www.ti.com
www.ti.com
Feedback
2.7 Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
针对增大相位裕量进行优化以实现较小的振铃
Feedback Network With and Without the Feedforward Capacitor
2.7 Optimizing
2.7 Optimizing Toward
Toward Greater
Greater Phase
Phase Margin
Margin for
for Less
Less Ringing
Ringing
相反的，如果需要更大的相位裕量，采用较小的前馈电容可降低环路的穿越频率，并使得源自前馈电容的最大
Conversely, ifif more
Conversely, more phase
phase margin
margin is is desired,
desired, aa smaller
smaller feedforward
feedforward capacitor
capacitor allows the
allows the loop
loop toto crossover
crossover
相位增益频点更接近新的穿越频率点，从而对带宽的降低做了折衷。随着 Cff 电容值的降低，转换器的带宽将逐
at a lower frequency and position the maximum phase boost from the feedforward
at a lower frequency and position the maximum phase boost from the feedforward capacitor closer to capacitor closer to the
the
步逼近无前馈电容时的带宽值。
new crossover frequency, with the tradeoff of lower bandwidth. As the Cff capacitor value is reduced, the
new crossover frequency, with the tradeoff of lower bandwidth. As the Cff capacitor value is reduced, the
bandwidth of
bandwidth of the
the converter
converter approaches
approaches the the bandwidth
bandwidth of of the
the converter
converter without
without the
the feedforward
feedforward capacitor.
capacitor.
图 Figure
14 及图 14 and
15 Figure
所示为采用 15 show
33 pF Cthe
ff 替代transient
82 pF Cand loop response of a
ff 时，转换器的瞬态及环路响应，此时转换器的响应时间增加至 converter
Figure 14 and Figure 15 show the transient and loop response of a converter with the 82-pF Cff replaced with the 82-pF Cff replaced
22with
with a 33-pF Cff. With only 33
msa 33-pF Cff. With only 33 pF, 613
，并导致瞬变电压偏移增大至 pF, the
the mVconverters response time has increased to 22
converters response time has increased to 22 µs, resulting30in
。尽管如此，此时的响应仍优于无前馈电容状况下转换器 µs, resulting inms
aa 的
larger transient
larger transient voltage
voltage deviation of 613 mV.
deviation of 613 mV. This, This, however, is still better than the 30-µs response, 900-mV
响应时间及 900 mV
voltage deviation
deviation 的电压偏移。同时，须注意到
of the converter
converter without
without the 0 A however,
the feedforward
feedforward
is still better than the 30-µs response, 900-mV
至全负载瞬变是非常极端的测试，仅是用于通过本应用文
capacitor. Also,
Also, note
note that
that aa 0-A
0-A toto full-load
full-load
voltage of the capacitor.
transient
档更为清晰的展示优化状况。is very aggressive testing and was used to show more clearly the
transient is very aggressive testing and was used to show more clearly the optimization throughout thisoptimization throughout this
application report.
application report.

Figure 14.
Figure 14. Voltage
Voltage Transient
Transient in
in Response to
to Load
Load Transient
Transient With
With 33-pF
33-pF Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor
Capacitor
图. 带Response
pF前馈电容时电压瞬变对负载瞬变的响应

15�Side�Bar:
15�Side�Bar:
22.98�k�Frequency�(Hz)
22.98�k�Frequency�(Hz)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
0�����������Gain�(dB)
75.31����Phase�(deg)
75.31����Phase�(deg)
-1.01�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)
-1.01�����Slope�(20�dB/decade)

Figure 15.
Figure 15. Loop
Loop Gain
Gain and
and Phase
Phase Plot
Plot of
of TPS61081
TPS61081 Circuit
Circuit With
With 33-pF
33-pF Feedforward
Feedforward Capacitor
Capacitor
图. 带 pF前馈电容时 TPS0 电路的环路增益及相位曲线图

10 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 ZHCA058–2008年1月
提交文档反馈
10 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor SLVA289 – January 2008
10 Optimizing Transient Response of Internally Compensated dc-dc Converters With Feedforward Capacitor SLVA289 – January 2008
Submit Documentation Feedback
 http://www.ti.com.cn
带或不带前馈电容的反馈网络
结论

3 结论
在反馈网络中添加前馈电容可改善内置补偿 dc-dc 转换器的性能。各转换器所对应的数据表描述了如何选取一般
的前馈电容值以改善环路响应。然而，对于一个试行的设计而言，一旦测定了其响应特性，前馈电容值即可选
定以便改善瞬态响应。所计算得到的最优化 Cff 值可增加或降低以优化转换器的瞬态响应，实现电压偏移最小
化或增大相位裕量的。

4 参考文献
1. Evaluation and Performance Optimization of Fully Integrated DC/DC Converters (Topic 7 of 2006 Portable Power
Design Seminar)
2. Using the TPS40040EVM-001: A 12-V Input, 1.8-V Output, 10-A Synchronous Buck Converter User's Guide
(SLUU266)
3. TPS6108xEVM-147 User's Guide (SLVU144)
4. TPS61080/81, High Voltage DC/DC Boost Converter With 0.5-A/1.3-A Integrated Switch data sheet (SLVS644)

ZHCA058–2008年1月 优化带前馈电容的内置补偿DC-DC转换器的瞬态响应 11
提交文档反馈
 德 州儀器 中國產 品信息中心
想縮短研發時間、降低產品成本、并讓產品快速投放市場 ?
TI產品信息中心訓練有素的技術支持團隊能在線提供您全方位的產品信息
無論是...
．為您選擇最佳的芯片和系統方案 立刻撥免費熱線： 800-820-8682 獲取免費的技術支持。
．為您找到獲得樣片的最快途徑 服務時間：星期一 ∼ 五．上午 9:00 ∼ 下午 6:00
．為您分析并解決在開發調試中遇到的問題
歡迎您注冊成為 my.TI 會員，以獲得更快捷的服務和更全面的產品資料。
．為您提供產品設計開發的經驗和技巧 网站： http://www.ti.com.cn/contactus
．為您推荐最佳授權代理商
．為您遞送免費的產品書籍/CD
．為您所想，不遺余力......

my. TI SQS 小批量銷售

TI 創建了全新版本的 my.TI，提供全新的外觀和新型的用戶 TI于2007年与半導体代理商世平集團合作推出全新TI小
友好特性並為中國客戶提供本地語言功能。 批量器件銷售服務，專門針對產品開發及研制初期對
小批量IC產品需求而設，為顧客提供更全面的服務。
帳戶設置優勢：
． my.ti 主頁上提供每周新聞稿摘要 ．超過6000種器件，任君選購
．訂購免費樣片 ．網絡訂單，快捷方便
．管理新聞簡報和電子郵件警報 ．小批量銷售，沒有最低訂購金額 (MOV ) 的要求
．登記參加活動 ．沒有原廠標準包裝數(SPQ)和最小訂購數(MOQ)要求
．注冊電子郵件警報
．更方便的電子郵件管理与訂閱 ．訂購熱線 : +86-755-83580555
．電子信箱 : spp@wpgchina.com
网站： http://www.ti.com.cn/hdr_my_ti ．网站: http://spp.wpgchina.com/sqs
新用戶請現在就登錄，享受多重服務，舊用戶請登錄更新信息！

Safe Harbor Statement:

Trademarks:
This publication may contain forward-looking statements that
The platform bar is a trademark of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the
involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These “forward-
property of their respective owners.
looking statements” are intended to qualify for the safe
harbor from liability established by the Private Securities
Real World Signal Processing, the balck/red banner, C2000, C24x, C28x, Code
Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking
Composer Studio, Excalibur, Just Plug It In graphic, MicroStar BGA, MicroStar
statements generally can be identified by phrases such as
Junior, OHCI-Lynx, Power+ Logic, PowerPAD, SWIFT, TMS320, TMS320C2000,
TI or its management “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,”
TMS320C24x, TMS320C28x, TMS320C6000, TPS40K, XDS510 and XDS560 are
“foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates” or other words or
trademarks of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their
phrases of similar import. Similarly, such statements herein that
respective owners.
describe the company’s products, business strategy, outlook,
objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking
Important Notice:
statements. All such forward-looking statements are subject
The products and services of Texas Instruments Incorporated and its
to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
subsidiaries described herein are sold subject to TI’s standard terms and
results to differ materially from those in forward-looking
conditions of sale. Customers are advised to obtain the most current and
statements. Please refer to TI’s most recent Form 10-K for
complete information about Ti products and services before placing orders.
more information on the risks and uncertainties that could
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer’s applications
materially affect future results of operations. We disclaim
or product designs, software performance, or infringement of patents. The
any intention or obligation to update any forward-looking
publication of information regarding any other company’s products or services
statements as a result of developments occurring after the
does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof.
date of this publication.

相关产品链接: 相关应用链接:
• DSP - 数字信号处理器 http://www.ti.com.cn/dsp • 安防应用 http://www.ti.com.cn/security
• 电源管理 http://www.ti.com.cn/power • 工业应用 http://www.ti.com.cn/industrial
• 放大器和线性器件 http://www.ti.com.cn/amplifiers • 计算机及周边 http://www.ti.com.cn/computer
• 接口 http://www.ti.com.cn/interface • 宽带网络 http://www.ti.com.cn/broadband
• 模拟开关和多路复用器 http://www.ti.com.cn/analogswitches • 汽车电子 http://www.ti.com.cn/automotive
• 逻辑 http://www.ti.com.cn/logic • 视频和影像 http://www.ti.com.cn/video
• RF/IF 和 ZigBee® 解决方案 www.ti.com.cn/radiofre • 数字音频 http://www.ti.com.cn/audio
• RFID 系统 http://www.ti.com.cn/rfidsys • 通信与电信 http://www.ti.com.cn/telecom
• 数据转换器 http://www.ti.com.cn/dataconverters • 无线通信 http://www.ti.com.cn/wireless
• 时钟和计时器 http://www.ti.com.cn/clockandtimers • 消费电子 http://www.ti.com.cn/consumer
• 标准线性器件 http://www.ti.com.cn/standardlinearde • 医疗电子 http://www.ti.com.cn/medical
• 温度传感器和监控器 http://www.ti.com.cn/temperaturesensors
• 微控制器 (MCU) http://www.ti.com.cn/microcontrollers

ZHCA058
 重要声明
德州仪器 (TI) 及其下属子公司有权在不事先通知的情况下，随时对所提供的产品和服务进行更正、修改、增强、改进或其它更改，
并有权随时中止提供任何产品和服务。 客户在下订单前应获取最新的相关信息，并验证这些信息是否完整且是最新的。 所有产品的
销售都遵循在订单确认时所提供的 TI 销售条款与条件。
TI 保证其所销售的硬件产品的性能符合 TI 标准保修的适用规范。 仅在 TI 保修的范围内，且 TI 认为有必要时才会使用测试或其它质
量控制技术。 除非政府做出了硬性规定，否则没有必要对每种产品的所有参数进行测试。
TI 对应用帮助或客户产品设计不承担任何义务。 客户应对其使用 TI 组件的产品和应用自行负责。 为尽量减小与客户产品和应用相关
的风险，客户应提供充分的设计与操作安全措施。
TI 不对任何 TI 专利权、版权、屏蔽作品权或其它与使用了 TI 产品或服务的组合设备、机器、流程相关的 TI 知识产权中授予的直接
或隐含权限作出任何保证或解释。 TI 所发布的与第三方产品或服务有关的信息，不能构成从 TI 获得使用这些产品或服务的许可、授
权、或认可。 使用此类信息可能需要获得第三方的专利权或其它知识产权方面的许可，或是 TI 的专利权或其它知识产权方面的许
可。
对于 TI 的数据手册或数据表，仅在没有对内容进行任何篡改且带有相关授权、条件、限制和声明的情况下才允许进行复制。 在复制
信息的过程中对内容的篡改属于非法的、欺诈性商业行为。 TI 对此类篡改过的文件不承担任何责任。
在转售 TI 产品或服务时，如果存在对产品或服务参数的虚假陈述，则会失去相关 TI 产品或服务的明示或暗示授权，且这是非法的、
欺诈性商业行为。 TI 对此类虚假陈述不承担任何责任。
可访问以下 URL 地址以获取有关其它 TI 产品和应用解决方案的信息：

产品
放大器 http://www.ti.com.cn/amplifiers
数据转换器 http://www.ti.com.cn/dataconverters
DSP http://www.ti.com.cn/dsp
接口 http://www.ti.com.cn/interface
逻辑 http://www.ti.com.cn/logic
电源管理 http://www.ti.com.cn/power
微控制器 http://www.ti.com.cn/microcontrollers
应用
音频 http://www.ti.com.cn/audio
汽车 http://www.ti.com.cn/automotive
宽带 http://www.ti.com.cn/broadband
数字控制 http://www.ti.com.cn/control
光纤网络 http://www.ti.com.cn/opticalnetwork
安全 http://www.ti.com.cn/security
电话 http://www.ti.com.cn/telecom
视频与成像 http://www.ti.com.cn/video
无线 http://www.ti.com.cn/wireless

邮寄地址：Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265

Copyright © 2006, Texas Instruments Incorporated