Study Guide

Chapter 4:
1- Explore the relationship between the mean and median?
Three possibilities:
a- mean=median
b- mean> median
c- mean< median

2- Describe the variability of a data set using variance, standard deviation, and interqurtile.
3- Construct and describe Modified bxplots.

Chapter 5:
1- Calculate and INTERPRET a correlation coefficient. “for that you need to know how to find the mean
and standard deviation.”
2- Find the least-squares line, interpret the slope, and use this line to predict y-vale for a given x-value.
Know the limitation of this line. “Can’t go outside the range of the sample, x-values.”
3- Understand Residuals role in the diagnostic process.
4- Calculate and interpret the coefficient of determination. INTERPRETATING IT is more important than
calculating it.
5- Construct scatterplots. You might be asked to construct a scatterplot for 5 data points or less.

Chapter 6:
1- Interpret probabilities as long-run relative frequencies.
2- Use probability properties to calculate the likelihood of a simple event or a compound event.
3- Calculate conditional probabilities.

Chapter 7:
1- Distinguish discrete and continuous numerical random variables.
2- Use discrete probability distributions to compute probabilities.
3- Calculate the mean and standard deviation of discrete probability distribution.
4- Compute probabilities using binomial and geometric distributions.
5- Compute probabilities and Percentiles for normal distributions.
6- Use normal Distribution to approximate a binomial distribution.
 Sample Test

1) The Highway Loss Data Institute publishes data on repair costs resulting from a 5 mph crash
test of a car moving forward into a flat barrier. The table gives data for 10 midsize luxury cars
tested. Compute the values of the mean and the median. (Round all answers to one decimal
place.)
Model Repair Cost
Audi A6 0
BMW 328i 0
Cadillac Catera 850
Jaguar X 1244
Lexus ES300 218
Lexus IS300 961
Mercedes C320 707
Saab 9-5 670
Volvo S60 769
Volvo S80 4194

Mean= 961.3
Median=738.0

2) An instructor has graded 23 exam papers submitted by students in a class of 24 students, and the
average so far is 69. (The maximum possible score is 100.) How high would the score on the last paper
have to be to raise the class average by 1 point? 93. By 2 points? 117

3) Based on a large national sample of working adults, the U.S. Census Bureau reports the
following information on travel time to work for those who do not work at home. Also given was
the mean travel time, which was reported as 23.4 min.
Lower quartile 5 min
Median 16 min
Upper quartile 33 min
What is true of the travel time distribution? Positively skewed.

4) ata on high school GPA (x) and first-year college GPA (y) collected from a southeastern
public research university can be summarized as follows
       
       
(a) Find the equation of the least-squares regression line. (Round all answers to four decimal
places.)
Y= 0.7584 + .575x

(b) What first-year GPA would you predict for a student with a 4.0 high school GPA?
3.0585

(C) find and INTERPRET Pearson correlation Coefficient “r”?

(d) Find and INTERPRET the coefficient of Determination “r 2”?

5) A portion of the report "Older Driver Involvement in Injury Crashes in Texas" (Texas
Transportation Institute, 2004), with y = fatality rate (percentage of drivers killed in injury
crashes) versus x = driver age, is given below.
Fatality
Age
Rate
40 0.75
45 0.75
50 0.95
55 1.05
(a) construct a scatterplot for x and y.
(b) find the least squares line and interpret the slope.
(c) Calculate Pearson Correlation coefficient.
(d) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret it.
(e) Using the coefficient of determination “r2”, can the relationship between Age and Fatality rate be
described by a linear equation?

(6) The table summarizes data on smoking status and perceived risk of smoking and is consistent
with summary quantities obtained in a Gallup Poll conducted in November 2002. Assume that it
is reasonable to consider these data as representative of the U.S. adult population.
Perceived Risk
Smoking Status Very Harmful Somewhat Harmful Not Too Harmful Not at All Harmful
Current Smoker 59 27 5 1
Former Smoker 74 16 3 2
Never Smoked 88 11 2 1
(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S. adult is a former smoker? (Give the
answer to four decimals places.)

0.3287

(b) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S. adult views smoking as very harmful?
(Give the answer to four decimals places.)
0.7647

(c) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S. adult views smoking as very harmful
given that the selected individual is a current smoker? (Give the answer to four decimals places.)

0.6413

(d) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S. adult views smoking as very harmful
given that the selected individual is a former smoker? (Give the answer to four decimals places.)

0.7789

(e) What is the probability that a randomly selected U.S. adult views smoking as very harmful
given that the selected individual never smoked? (Give the answer to four decimals places.)

0.8627

(7) In a small city, approximately 50% of those eligible are called for jury duty in any one
calendar year. People are selected for jury duty at random from those eligible, and the same
individual cannot be called more than once in the same year.
(a) What is the probability that a particular eligible person in this city is selected two years in a
row?
0.25

(b) What is the probability that a particular eligible person in this city is selected three years in a
row?
0.125
(8) A chemical supply company currently has in stock 100 lb of a certain chemical, which it sells
to customers in 5 lb lots. Let x = the number of lots ordered by a randomly chosen customer. The
probability distribution of x is as shown below:
x 1 2 3 4
p(x) .3 .3 .2 x
(a) p(x=4)
.2
(b) Calculate the mean value of x.
μx =

2.3

(c) Calculate the variance and standard deviation of x.

σx2 = 1.21

σx =

1.1

(9) Suppose that 6% of cereal boxes contain a prize and the other 94% contain the message,
"Sorry, try again." Consider the random variable x, where x = number of boxes purchased until a
prize is found. (Round all answers to four decimal places.)
(a) What is the probability distribution for x?

(b) What is the probability that at most three boxes must be purchased?
P(at most three boxes) = 0.1694

(c) What is the probability that exactly three boxes must be purchased?
P(exactly three boxes) = 0.053

(d) What is the probability that more than three boxes must be purchased?
P(more than three boxes) = 0.8306

(10) A gasoline tank for a certain car is designed to hold 17.0 gal of gas. Suppose that the
variable x = actual capacity of a randomly selected tank has a distribution that is well
approximated by a normal curve with mean 17 gal and standard deviation 0.2 gal. (Round all
answers to four decimal places.)
(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected tank will hold at most 16.8 gal?
P(x ≤ 16.8) = 0.1587
(b) What is the probability that a randomly selected tank will hold between 16.4 and 17.2 gal?
P(16.4 ≤ x ≤ 17.2) = 0.84

(c) If two such tanks are independently selected, what is the probability that both hold at most 17
gal?
P(x ≤ 17) = 0.25

(11) The time that it takes a randomly selected job applicant to perform a certain task has a
distribution that can be approximated by a normal distribution with a mean value of 140 sec and
a standard deviation of 25 sec. The fastest 10% are to be given advanced training. What task
times qualify individuals for such training? (Round the answer to one decimal place.)
108.0 seconds or less

(12) et x have a binomial distribution with n = 50 and π = 0.6 so that μ = nπ = 30 and σ = √nπ(1-
π) = 3.4641. Calculate the probabilities below using the normal approximation with the
continuity correction. (Round all answers to four decimal places.)
(a) P(x = 30) = 0.1147

(b) P(x = 25) = 0.0408

(c) P(x 25) = 0.0970

(d) P(25 x 40) = 0.9426

(e) P(25 < x < 40) = 0.9000