Module 8 Quiz: Fundamentals of Global Health Research file:///D:/harvard/University of Washington Global Health E-Learning Pr...

Module 8 Quiz
Due May 31 at 8:59am Points 4 Questions 10
Available May 17 at 8:59am - Jun 7 at 8:59am 21 days Time Limit None
Allowed Attempts 2

Instructions
Module 8 quiz covers the lectures, activities, and required reading from this week.
You may attempt this quiz twice. The answers will show only after the final attempt,
so if you would like to see the answers but got a high score after your first attempt,
you may take the quiz again. Even if you score lower on your second attempt,
Canvas will record your highest score.

After answering the questions, be sure to click the "Submit Quiz" button at the
bottom of the screen. The quiz is due Sunday, May 30, at 11:59 pm PT.

Return to Module 8. (https://uwgh.instructure.com/courses/216/pages/module-

8-designing-study-instruments)

Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
Attempt 2 (https://uwgh.instructure.com/courses/216/quizzes 3.93 out of
KEPT 4 minutes
/1246/history?version=2) 4

Score for this attempt: 3.93 out of 4

Submitted May 31 at 12:52am
This attempt took 4 minutes.

Question 1 0.4 / 0.4 pts

Match each step required in the process of designing data collection

tools with its example.

Correct! Dr. Blanco creates a

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spreadsheet listing Step 4

questions, response
options, and instructions
for data collection.

Correct! Dr. Blanco decides to Step 3

have different data
collection forms for
pregnant and postpartum
women but makes sure
the forms are connected
by assigning each patient
a unique ID number.

Correct! Dr. Blanco decides to use Step 1

REDCap to collect data on
mobile devices.

Correct! Dr. Blanco considers the Step 5

order of her survey
questions. She reorders
the questions to make
sure that she doesn’t start
by asking about sensitive
matters, such as HIV
status disclosure.

Correct! Dr. Blanco and her team Step 2

decide that they will ask
nurses to collect data
from study subjects
(pregnant and postpartum
women) each time the
woman arrives for an
antenatal care and
postpartum visit.

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In step 1, the researcher should decide which platform to use

to collect the data, such as using REDCap on mobile devices.

In step 2, the researcher should determine the logistics of

data collection, including how, where, and how often to collect
data.

In step 3, the researcher should organize the forms, deciding

how many forms to have and which forms collect which data (for
example, having different forms for different populations).

In step 4, the researcher should start constructing questions.

A spreadsheet can help track questions, response options, and
instructions.

In step 5, the researcher should review design details, looking

at question order and type.

Question 2 0.4 / 0.4 pts

What advantage does self-administered tools have over interviewer-

administered tools?

Correct!
They are a more efficient way to collect data than interview-administered
tools.

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Both self-administered and interview-administered tools have

pros and cons. Generally, self-administered tools (e.g., a survey
you ask someone to complete) are less expensive and faster to
conduct than interview-administered tools, which require an
interviewer to collect the information from study subjects.
Interviewer administered tools are more likely to have social
desirability bias, where participants may be less comfortable
answering some sensitive questions openly and honestly than
self-administered tools.

Question 3 0.4 / 0.4 pts

What are the advantages of interview-administered data collection tools

over self-administered tools?

Correct!
Interview-administered tools allow study participants to ask questions
and clarify their understanding of what is being asked of them.

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Interview-administered tools can be very useful if there is a

perceived need for participants to ask clarifying questions about
the information being asked of them. However, this does not
necessarily lead to better standardization of data collection. In
fact, sometimes this can threaten data standardization because
each interviewer may not describe the question or respond to a
subject’s questions in the same way, even if they have been well
trained on the survey instrument. Self-administered tools are
often faster to use, since you can give them out to numerous
people at one time. However, interview-administered tools can
allow you to reach a broader audience, specifically people with
low literacy who may not be able to respond to a written study
instrument.

Question 4 0.4 / 0.4 pts

A good strategy to develop data collection tools is to

Correct!
Modify existing data collection tools as needed.

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There are often pre-existing data collection tools that you can
use as a framework for your data collection instrument, you
rarely need to start from scratch. In many cases, it is best to find
a validated tool to use for your study, as this will help ensure the
validity of the data you collect. However, you will need more than
just the validated tool as you will want to collect other information
as well, even if just simple variables like age and gender. In
addition, if you use other existing data collection tools that are
not validated, you may repeat the same errors or problems
others experienced. Therefore, you do not want to use existing
data collection tools as designed, but will need to modify them as
needed for your specific study purposes.

Question 5 0.4 / 0.4 pts

Which of the following are accurate statements about REDCap?

Correct!
It is a web-based system, so data collection forms can be designed if
there is access to the internet.

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REDCap is a web-based, data entry can take place almost

anywhere. It can easily collect cross-sectional or longitudinal
data. Just make sure to enable longitudinal data before you get
started! REDCap is useful because of the wide array of data it
enables you to collect.

You can directly enter into REDCap, and may not need to enter
data on paper first. Entering data on paper-based forms first
may be advisable if the internet connection is intermittent or for
projects that have difficult skip patterns to logically follow (such
as medical abstraction).

Question 6 0.4 / 0.4 pts

Which of the following statements identifies an error in the following

data management scheme.

Data entry for study questionnaire:

Question Possible Response

Sex 0 = Male, 1 = Female, 99=Missing

Age __________________

Highest level of 0 = No formal education, 1 = college education,

education 2=primary school, 3 = secondary school,
received 99=Missing

HIV status 0=Negative, 1=Positive, 99=Missing

Correct!
Incorrect ordering of ordinal variables.

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Order variable choices appropriately. When you have an ordinal

variable (such as education), choices should be ordered in a
logical manner (i.e., ascending or descending). In this case, a
better order would be 0 = no formal education, 1 = primary
school, 2 = secondary school, 3 = college education, 99 =
missing.

Other best practices include

Minimizing the use of freetext whenever possible. Here,

age should not be coded as freetext. It is best to not allow
free text to be entered into a database. Cleaning and
analyzing free text takes substantially more time than
cleaning and analyzing text captured in close-ended
formats.
Using the same coding scheme for missing data
throughout your survey. This data management plan did
use 99 consistently for missing data.
Using units whenever indicated, such as age. It is
possible there could be children with ages < 1 year if this
was a study that included infants, and it may be
necessary to include options for different units.

Question 7 0.4 / 0.4 pts

How many variables would you need to capture the following

information?

“What symptoms do you have? Check all that apply: fever, night
sweats, and weight loss.”

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Correct!
3

Correct Answers 3
three
Three

Question 8 0.4 / 0.4 pts

How many variables would you need to capture the following

information?

“Does patient have a fever? Yes, No, Not tested.”

Correct!
1

Correct Answers 1
one
One

Question 9 0.33 / 0.4 pts

Match the data software with its characteristic.

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Correct! Allows collection of both ODK and REDCap

quantitative and
qualitative data.

Correct! Is HIPPA compliant. REDCap

Correct! Always allows for easy REDCap

longitudinal data
collection.

Correct! Is free and open-source. ODK and REDCap

Correct! Immediately accessible to ODK

anyone at anytime.

You Answered Automatic timestamp for REDCap

data entry.

This answer is incorrect. You will find the correct answer in the
ODK and REDCap lectures.

Correct Answer ODK and REDCap

Question 10 0.4 / 0.4 pts

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?

Correct!
What does your typical journey to the clinic entail?

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It is important to have open-ended questions as part of

qualitative data collection. Open-ended questions are questions
that elicit more than a “yes” or “no”, or otherwise one or two-word
answer. Rather, they provide respondents with an opportunity to
expound on their experience or perceptions. Close-ended
questions can often be transformed into open-ended questions
with just a little bit of rewording.

Quiz Score: 3.93 out of 4

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