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FIGURE A.2.1 Digital gate symbols.

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Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.4.1 A force applied to a spring extends the length from a relaxed x0 to a new x.

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.1 P&ID signal and process lines.

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.2 Special symbols are used for instrumentation in the P&ID.

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Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.3 Examples of the letter/number coding.

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Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.4 The PLC includes many math operations.

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Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.5 Symbols for some final control elements.

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Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.5.6 Illustration of a P&ID for a chemical process.

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Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.6.1 Op amp differential amplifier.

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Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.6.2 Voltage-to-current converter.

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.6.3 Op amp proportional-integral controller.

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.
FIGURE A.6.4 Op amp proportional-derivative controller.

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Curtis Johnson
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8e] All rights reserved.

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