BUENASHER LEARNING ACADEMY INC.

Km.39 Cityland Ave., Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

SCIENCE 10
Name: _________________________________________ Level and Section: 10-Beacon
Time: 11:00 – 12:00 Quarter / Week: Second / Week 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Topics: Explain different theories about the creation of the Earth

Explain plate tectonics theory
References: Science in Everyday Living
Ryan Dona Jamaika Espinosa
Jan Michael Gaviola Rica Rosas
Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc.

Short Discussion

Our planet is unique in several aspects – it has abundance of life, an abundance of water and the surface
is constantly renewed by plate tectonics process. But have you ever imagined how it was look like before
and how it was different from today? Here is a video link that you have to watch in order for you to
understand how the surface of the Earth was started https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzhPmemffII

What did you learned about the video? Brief understanding is acceptable
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Earth is about 4.6 billion years old, approximately one-third of the age of the universe. According to
the Nebula Theory, it was formed at the same time as the other members of the solar system by accretion
from the solar nebula -- gaseous cloud from which, in the so-called nebular hypothesis of the origin of
the solar system
During its billion years of evolution, Earth has gone through a series of major biological and geological
changes. Geological events such as volcanic eruptions, collisions of plates boundaries, creation of mountain
ranges and sea beds and took place the shape of the planet which it became oblate spheroid and not a
perfect circle in shape and heres behind a theory of the creation of the surface of the Earth --- The Plate
Tectonics Theory
Plate Tectonics is the theory that the Earth’s lithosphere(the land part of the Earth) is composed of
a mosaic of rigid plates that are relative motion. Plate tectonics affects humans in several important ways
such as earthquakes, volcanism, induces recycling of elements between the geosphere and biosphere and
causes mountain-building. Earth without plate tectonics would be hard to imagine. In other words, the
Earth would be a much different place and without these events, our planet is not like what we seen it
from today.
Earth was believed by a scientist named Alfred Wegener that about 1,100 million years ago, there was a
supercontinent named Rodinia, which predated Pangaea. During the Late Triassic Period, Pangaea began
to break up into two smaller supercontinents called Laurasia(northern) and Gondwanaland(southern).
Starting at about 15 Mya, Laurasia drifted sounthward until it crushed into Gondwanaland about 425 Mya.
During the history of Pangaea’s formation, the now known North America smashed into northwestern
Africa, forming a vast mountain range. And from that, it began to crashed the other plates(continents)
and it has formed the northen Europe and Pangaea began to break forming a valley called Atlantic Ocean.
The Continental drifting continues in the Jurassic Period, through the Cretaceous Period, and through the
Cenozoic Era and by 100 MYA, all the present continents and oceans had been formed. Scientist believed
that the crustal plates are still drifting until today and also predicted 250-300 million years ago from now
on, the seven continents will move toward each other again, reforming the historical Pangaea because it is
a cycle process. It is like a mosaic of plates considered to be a JIGZAW PUZZLE that from the day today, it
will be back to its original form.

Activities :

I. Answer (Let Us Enrich) in page 12 of your book.

II. Answer (Let Us Apply) in page 17 of your book

Guide Question (if necessary)

Answer the following questions:
1. What do you think will happen if Earth does not undergo these changes until this time being? (5pts)
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2. Other than Plate Tectonics Theory, do you know other theories formulated about the formation of the
other Earth? Cite one example and explain it. (10pts)
a. which theories will you prefer to believe that is closer to the formation of the Earth until today? Why or
why not?

REFERENCES:
Science in Everyday Living 10
pp. 2-17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzhPmemffII

Prepared by:

Elle Cruz
Subject Teacher

“You can do all things through Christ who strengthens you”

*Note: Practise Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

BUENASHER LEARNING ACADEMY INC.

 Km.39 Cityland Ave., Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

SCIENCE 10
Name: _________________________________________ Level and Section: 10-Beacon
Time: 11:00 – 12:00 Quarter / Week: Second / Week 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Topics: Describe the different types of plate boundaries

Explain the different processes that occur along the plate boundaries

References: Science in Everyday Living

Ryan Dona Jamaika Espinosa
Jan Michael Gaviola Rica Rosas
Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc.

Short Discussion

What is Plate Tectonics Theory?

 The Earth is broken into large Plates.
 The size and position of Plates change.
 Plate edges colliding - geologic activity
 Creation and separation of continents
Question: How are the following events happened in the theory of Plate Tectonics?

THE MECHANISMS OF PLATE TECTONICS

Lots of mechanisms that cause the plates to move have been proposed (and rejected) although most
geologists accept one idea as the most likely mechanisms for plate tectonics: THE CONVECTION
Question: What is your understanding about convection?
Convection is _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Let’s us look inside the Earth. We know that it is really hot most likely in the inner core and it is being
considered as the source of the internal heat of the Earth: those internal heats became sources of different
energies, regulated, manufactured and used by us for everyday living. BUT, that internal heat comes from
inside the Earth causes other events due to changes of the structure and creation of new forms in the
lithosphere of our planet SUCH AS:
 Earthquakes & Volcanoes
 Mountains
 Deep ocean vents – site of creation of life
Note: Plates are driven by cooling of Earth (convection). Gravity provides additional force to move plates.
 Convection is like a boiling pot. Heated soup rises to the surface, spreads and begins to cool, and
then sinks back to the bottom of the pot where it is reheated and rises again.
 Convection moves hot material from Earth’s interior up to the surface to cool; gravity with
convection draws the dense material back into the hotter interior; this is an efficient way for our
planet to cool. In kid vernacular, “heat rises, gravity destroys.”
The mobile rock beneath the rigid plates is believed to be moving in a circular manner somewhat like a pot
of thick soup when heated to boiling.
This cycle is repeated over and over to generate what scientists call a convection cell or convective flow.
Convective flow can be observed easily in a pot of boiling soup, the idea of such a process stirring up
the Earth's interior.
This cycle is resulted to : CREATION OF BOUNDARIES
- leads of the continuous separation and movement of the Earth’s crust

Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries

Direction : Using your hands, understand the following illustrations below to understand the concept of the
different type of boundaries.

CONVERGENT DIVERGENT TRANSFORM

CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES - Places where plates crash or crunch into each other. All the folding and bending
makes rock in both plates break and slip, causing earthquakes. Rock deep in the Earth melts, builds up pressure
causing volcanoes.

DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES - Places where plates come apart are called divergent boundaries. When
Earth's brittle surface layer is pulled apart, it breaks along parallel faults that tilt slightly outward from
each other. As the plates separate along the boundary, the block between the faults cracks and drops down
into the soft, plastic interior. The sinking of the block forms a central valley called a rift. Magma (liquid
rock) seeps upward to fill the cracks. In this way, new crust is formed along the boundary

TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES - Places where plates slide past each other are called transform boundaries. The most
famous transform boundary in the world is the San Andreas fault. Los Angeles will not crack off and fall into the
ocean as popularly thought, but it will simply creep towards San Francisco at about 6 centimeters per year. In 16
million years, the plates will have moved so much that Los Angeles will be north of San Francisco!

Activities :

I. Answer (Let Us Enrich) in page 12 of your book.

II. Answer (Let Us Apply) in page 17 of your book
For you to understand more about the Plate Tectonics Theory, here’s a video link and share what you have
learned from the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqrInJ8_Nes (5pts)

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Question:
1. Do you think if we are going to look once again the map of the world and the surface of the Earth today,
is it still the same? Why or why not? (10pts)
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2. Write a reaction paper base from “Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho: Lumang bayan ng Pantabangan, muling
lumitaw!” content last August 3, 2020. Do you think, PLATE TECTONICS THEORY would be the hidden
explaination of these events from that old barrio of Pantabangan? Please use another paper for your
reaction paper. (20pts)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIUDdmTdoOI

REFERENCES:

Science in Everyday Living 10

pp. 2-17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7leF_6u4ohI

Prepared by:

Elle Cruz
Subject Teacher

“You can do all things through Christ who strengthens you”

*Note: Practise Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.
 BUENASHER LEARNING ACADEMY INC.
Km.39 Cityland Ave., Pulong Buhangin, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

SCIENCE 10
Name: _________________________________________ Level and Section: 10-Beacon
Time: 11:00 – 12:00 Quarter / Week: Second / Week 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Topics: Describe the internal structure of the Earth and processes beneath

Short Discussion

The Earth has layered structures which are important for understanding the PLATE TECTONICS
THEORY. Studying the Earth’s interior can help us understand earthquakes, volcanoes, and more about the
Earth’s natural processes. Are you still familiar on the different layers of the Earth which plays the
important part on how the Earth was look like from today? Here’s a video link on how the different plates
move due to geological process of the internal structures of the Earth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

Answer the guide question below:

Do you think why the Earth layered structures are really important in understanding the Plate Tectonics Theory?
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From the Ancient Greek geo means "earth" and logia mean "study of”. Geology is an earth science
comprising the study of Earth interior and composition. The Earth has layered structures namely the crust,
mantle, inner core and outer core.

CRUST - It is the solid (land part/lithosphere) and thinnest outermost layer part of the Earth. Volcanic activity is
continually adding mass to it. It is made up of plates called as TECTONIC PLATES. These plates are continuous in
constant motion due to the convection currents in the second layer of the Earth.

There are two types of crust; the CONTINENTAL CRUST and OCEANIC CRUST

• CONTINENTAL CRUST- the relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses
•
• OCEANIC CRUST -A thin layer of rock separates the Earth's oceans from the hot mantle beneath them

CONTINENTAL CRUST OCEANIC CRUST

(The elevated land mass of (The landmasses found
the Earth) beneath the ocean)

MANTLE (THE GREAT WALL) - The second inner, thickest and the largest layer of the Earth’s interior. It is thought
to be composed mainly of olivine-rich rock. It serves as 85% of the total mass of the Earth of different steady rock
materials. It is divided into two: UPPER MANTLE & LOWER MANTLE

UPPER MANTLE – The rocks in this layer are cool and brittle. Rocks in this layer are brittle enough to break
under stress and produce earthquakes.
 LOWER MANTLE – The rocks in this layer are hot and soft (BUT NOT MOLTEN). Rocks are soft in this layer to
easily subject to forces of breaking.

CORE – This layer is very hot, very dense center of our planet. The ball-shaped core lies beneath the cool, brittle
crust and the mostly-solid mantle. It is the source of internal heat because it contains radioactive materials which
release heat and they break down into more stable substances. It is divided into two zones; the OUTER CORE &
INNER CORE

OUTER CORE – is a fluid layer thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel. Composed of super-hot liquid
substance called LAVA

INNER CORE – is a solid layer of the core which its temperature is really high (8100 - 14,400 °F)

For you to understand more about the different layers of the Earth. Here’s a video link and answer the
following questions below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiVGEEPQ6c

Questions:

1. What are the three layer components of the Mantle serves as the largest layer of the Earth?
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2. Where does the hotness of the inner core compared to? _______________________________________________________
3. There are two types of crust; the continental and oceanic crust, how many times of thickness of the two
crusts compared to? _________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. Do you think the arrangement of thickness of the two is okay to be just like that? What if the oceanic
crust is thicker than the continental crust? What do you think will happen next?

a. What did you learned about the video? Brief understanding is acceptable
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Direction/Instruction/Panuto
Create your own understanding about the internal structure of the Earth by comparing it to hard-boiled
egg. Compare the internal parts of the hard-boiled egg to the internal parts of the Earth.

Exercise/Activities/Pamaraan
 1. Boil an egg and slice it to show the internal parts and compare it to the internal parts of the
Earth. Label the parts of the egg that is similar to the parts of the Earth.
2. Make your clear illustrations of showing the parts. Printed photo of an egg is not acceptable.

Guide Question (if necessary)

Answer the following questions:
1. How would you be able to personally study the internal structure of the Earth even though we can’t do it
by just digging a hole on the ground?
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Rubric of Scoring (If necessary)

Activity
Clarity of Illustration 20%
Creativity 20%
Neatness 10%
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Total 50%

Reflection/Learning/Pangwakas

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References :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiVGEEPQ6c

Prepared By:/Inihanda ni:

Ms. Elle Cruz

Subject of Teacher

“You can do all things through Christ who strengthens you” ♥

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

(Please this in All Learning Activity Sheet)