PE 2 food? What and how food? Do all the parts d what helps jeir raw unable to make their own 9 plants make their own 3 fe plants make their food an them to make food? How do they get thelr 72 rials and what type of raw materials they heed to synthesise their food? To know the answer of above questions, you may need to know more about the process of photosynthesis. 1.2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is a process in which chlorophyll containing green plants, in the presence of sunlight, uses carbon dioxide and water to synthesise their food. Most of the photosynthesis occurs in leaves. Therefore leaves are called food factories of the plant. In plants, first of all food is synthesised in the form of glucose which is a simple carbohydrate. This, glucose can be stored in the form of starch. mater SCIENCE BITS! Coloured leaves of Coleus also perform phatosynthesis. It contains many other pigments along with chlorophyll, hence, they look differently in colour. Starch is also a complex carbohydrate. Its Presence in the leaves indicates the occurrence josynthesis, To find the presence of starch n ine test is done The whole process of photosynthesis can be written in the form of a chemical equation as given below Sunighe” Glucose released. Fer tosymthesis oxygen is also organisms de cn/G2" ‘8 utilised by all tiving Get energy fone es, BYOE2S5 of respiration ta The conditions necessg Pecaesere °* "°cessary for phbtosyntheste {al Chiorophyit {e] Carbon dioxide tl wa ater Iisa green col ured substane © OF pigment a ‘* NUTRITION IN PLANTS. SCIENCE Euglena - |s it an animal It is a photosynthetic p of chlorophyll but it also 11866, Ernst a third kingdom protista which were neither plants: In the presence of light Eu by photosynthesis but in unicellular organisms. Present in green parts of the plants, G molecules are the principal site absorption during photosynthesis, Chlorophyll helps the leaves to energy from sunlight and this energy for the synthesis of food from carbond water. Plants can manufacture food 6 Presence of sunlight because sun is th ultimate source of energy, Can you imagine what happened i were absent from our solar system? pen Guard cet! Stomataplants take through he lower Activity 1.3 eis necessary fOr photosynt! d bottle, caustic potosynthesis atmosphere nt ential for ph from th nerally present | itis arbon dioxide malt openings 9@” jhesis potash, iodine solutions fim : To show that carbon dioxidi Requirements : A potted plant 2 feat tube, alcohol and cork. k an procedure : Make a slit in a Con rryuth of the bottle having caustic potash solution. insert about half leaf of a potted plant into the bottle Troe te sit present in the cork, KeeP (1s whole arrangement in the sunlight for one day. Pluck the feat and test it for the presence of starch. Observation : The portion of leaf situated inside the pattte does not turn blue-black while outer portion of the leaf turns blue-black he portion of the leaf situated outside |_” he presence rocess of photosynthesis and hence, turns: ttle absorbs carbon dioxide from ide is essential for photosynth wide mouthe' fit it into the -— Conclusion : T the bottle synthesises starch in t af carbon dioxide and sunlight by the p' iodine solution. But caustic potash present in the bot photosynthesis takes place. This shows that carbon dioxi sential for photosynthesis. Roots absorb SCN water along with minerals from the soil and it is Water helps to kee transported to different parts of the plant. and helps plans oa 1.3 HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION Some plants, that do not have chlorophy arasites are those organisl and aniels which obtain food ff organism called host. It is a kind of y parasites are benefitt plants take their food ¢ Cuscuta [also called ant. It has special tubular Mistietoe PARASITIC PLANTS oe © NUTRITION I pLayyWhat are the two components of licen? conditions necessary for photosynthesis 2, List the © 43. Name two insectivorous plants “4. What do you understand by the term “host”? ‘5. Wiite the chemical equation of photosynthesis is used to find out the oce photosynthesis? rence of {6 Which chemical is 77. Deine the term “autotrophi 1. Why do pickles spoil in rainy season’ 2. How does parasitic plants get their foo. +3. What is stomata? How does it help in photosynthesis? 1. Differentiate between parasite and saprophytes. 2, What do you understand by the term nutrition? Name two major types of m 3. How can you show that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis? function Alpe Holezoicee ACTIVITIES 1° PONDER AND ACT 1 (Life Skill and Valo Visita greenhouse located in your neighbourhood a yee ‘e Find out how they regulate light, water and carbo «Find out how they use glass to build the a Pei ratte e ticrea ie bass of your observations Objective : To know more about plants and their characteristics. 4 (kiN and Vales Developoent : Ceitical thinking, observation sil and SG a -nish-white 2 Saurabh left a slice of bread inside his lunch box. He saw a greenish-white grawill ‘© Find out kind of organism might be growing on the slice, ‘¢- How such organisms obtain nutrition and also find out such kind of nutri Development) ith your parents. Ob i Objective : To know more about nutrition and kind of organisms responsible for it, ‘Skill and Value Development : Thinking skills, observation skills and attitude to === FOR THE TEACHER 1. You could arrange some experiments to show the presence of starch, light is explain to the students. 2 You could make a trip forthe field study to lear more about the symbiosis, etc, and discuss with the students, Parasitic plant, sapropl add * st sf fn ae Nt dom jor beneAt the end of this chap i a © What are nutrient: f ° ‘organisms? * What *W What are the plants? © What ai ’ Food is essential { J organisms. (a) Autotrophic Nutrition it consists of difterc ha The made-efcnilettien, (n.whigh.» Avil Earbohydrates, fats, prot. n inerals orga’ an File. own, tal ‘led nd roughage. These ponents of food are autotrophic nutrition and the organisms having Galied Hutrients. Each t pert 4 this type of nutrition are called autotrophs. | Specific function as providi yy, help ants can make their own food by the proce in repair and or f the body, helps to fight ynthesis. That is wh alley E against diseases. et phs. Algae ome a are al examples of autotr E 4.1 MODE OF NUTRITION IN ORGANISMS {b} Heterotrophic Nutrition Eimmnm process of obtaining and utilising food Most of the orga in is depen) Organisms is called nutrition They utilise the plants and other animals for ' tod.) Bad for various purposes like to type of mode of nutrition is called hel Nutrition is nutrition and those organisms Na growth, reproduction, etc ; ibf two types: [al Autotrophic Nutrition s\led heterotrophs trophic Nutrition. f nutrition are You may notice that why do the NUTRITION IN PLANTS @ 7