Department of Education

9
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 2 -Module 7
Percentage Composition

Rizalyn S. Santos

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 What I Need to Know
The percentage of something is essential to everyday life. You have probably
seen the label of your shirt fabric containing the percent of its components.
Nutrition label of processed foods that we are buying indicates the percentage of
substances that is in the product. It is a piece of important information used in
monitoring health conditions.

This module contains one lesson: Percentage Composition, Empirical and

Molecular Formula

After going through this module, you are expected to determine the
percentage composition of a compound given its chemical formula and vice
versa. S9MT-IIj-20

Specifically, you should be able to:

 determine the percentage composition of each element in a given
compound.
 differentiate empirical and molecular formula.
 calculate for the empirical formula of a compound given its percentage
composition.
 calculate for the molecular formula of a compound given its percentage
composition.

What I Know
Read and understand the questions below and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following is the ratio of the atomic mass of an element in a
compound and the total mass of all elements in the compound multiplied by
one hundred?
A. percent yield C. percent by whole
B. percent by mole D. percentage composition

2. Ferrous sulfate or iron (II) sulfate is a supplement prescribed to persons who

has iron-deficiency anemia. It has a chemical formula of FeSO 4. Determine
the percentage of iron in this compound with a molar mass of 152 g/mol.
A. 21% B. 37% C. 42% D. 56%

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3. What is the percentage composition of water (H2O) with a molar mass of 18
g/mol?
A. H=11%;O=89% B. H=13%;O=87% C. H=15%;O=85% D. H=16%;O=84%

4. Below are compounds that contain carbon, which of the following has the
greatest percentage of carbon?
A. CO B. CO2 C. CH4 D. CaCO3

5. In which way can you apply the knowledge on percentage composition?

I. in identifying the element present
II. in checking if the substance is pure
III. in knowing the value of the substance
IV. in knowing the amount of sodium in instant noodles
A. I only B. II only C. I and III D. II and IV

6. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a substance naturally found in rock and

mineral formations. It is widely used for making cement and tiles. What is
the percentage of calcium in this compound?
A. 12% B. 20% C. 40% D. 42%

7. Given below are formulas of covalent compounds, which of the following is

an empirical formula?
A. C4H10 B. P4O6 C. C6H12 D. P2O5

8. A photographic developing fluid was analyzed to contain 65.45% C, 5.48 %

H, and 29.08% O. The compound has a molecular mass of 110.0 g. Find
for the molecular formula of the compound.
A. C3H3O B. C6H6O2 C. C3H9O6 D. C6H3O6

9. What is the empirical formula of an organic compound that contains 47.37%

C, 10.59% H, and 42.04% O?
A. C3H8O2 B. C3H9O3 C. C6H9O3 D. C6H16O6

10. Caffeine is a substance that is found in coffee, tea, and cacao plants. It
stimulates your central nervous system by making you alert. What is the
molecular formula of caffeine if its empirical formula is C4H5N2O and its
molar mass is 194 g/mol?
A. C4H5N2O B. C8H10N4O2 C. C12H15N6O2 D. C12H20N8O4

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 Percentage Composition, Empirical
Lesson
and Molecular Formula

What’s In
Write FACT if the statement is correct and if it’s incorrect, write BLUFF.

1. One mole of aluminum foil is equal to one mole of tin foil. ___________________
2. The particle that represents a covalent compound is a formula unit. _________
3. The atomic mass of an element is the same with its molar mass. ____________
4. The molar mass of water is 180 g/mol. _____________________________________
5. Avogadro’s number is used to convert the number of moles to the number of
representative particles. ___________________________________________________

What’s New
A. Activity 1.0 Percentage Composition of Oxoacids of Chlorine

Below are oxoacids of chlorine with their percentage composition. Study the
graphs and answer the guide questions.

Hypochlorous Acid Chlorous Acid

HClO HClO2
H = 2% H = 2% H
2% H 2%
Cl = 67% 31% Cl = 51%
Cl 47% 51% Cl
O = 31% 67% O = 47%
O O

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 Chloric Acid

HClO3 HClO4
H = 1% H = 1%
Cl = 42% 1% H Cl = 35% 1% H
O = 57% 42% Cl O = 64% 35%
57% Cl
64%
O O

Perchloric Acid

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the elements that make up the oxoacids of chlorine?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you compare the percent composition of all four oxoacids?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Using the periodic table of elements, calculate the mass of chlorine in each
compound. ______________________________________________________________
4. Which compound do you think is a best source of chlorine (Cl)? ___________
Why? _____________________________________________________________________

B. Activity 1.1 Empirical and Molecular Formula

Complete the table below by filling in the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms
in the molecular formula and determining the lowest ratio between the two atoms.
Name of Molecular Ratio of Carbon Lowest Whole Number Empirical
Hydrocarbon Formula Atoms to Ratio of Carbon Atoms Formula
Hydrogen Atoms to Hydrogen Atoms
Methane CH4 1:4 1:4 CH4
Hexane C6H14 6:14 3:7 C3H7
Propene C3H6 (1)_______ (2) _______ CH2
Pentene C5H10 (3) _______ (4) _______ CH2
Ethyne C2H2 (5) _______ (6) _______ CH
Butyne C4H6 (7) _______ (8)_______ C2H3

Guide Questions:
1. How were you able to get the lowest whole number ratio of carbon to
hydrogen atoms?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Which ratio is the same with the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon
compound? _______________________________________________________________
3. Is the empirical formula always different from the molecular formula?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 4. How would you differentiate empirical from molecular formula?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Give the empirical formula of the following compounds.
a. Glucose (C6H12O6) __________________________
b. Formaldehyde (CH2O) __________________________
c. Octane (C8H18) __________________________
d. Tetraphosphorus Decoxide (P4O10) __________________________
e. Lactic Acid (C3H6O3) __________________________

What is It

Percentage Composition

Percentage composition of a compound is the ratio between the mass of the

element and total mass of the compound multiplied by one hundred. It is
mathematically expressed as:

% mass of E = mass of element x 100

total mass of compound

where: % mass of E = percentage of element in a compound

mass of element = atomic mass of element times the number of atoms
total mass of compound = total mass of elements in the compound

In the study of Chemistry, the concept of percentage is needed in giving the

elements that composed a compound. If chemists want to verify the purity of a
substance, they will first figure out the percentage composition of the compound.
The percentage composition may be computed from its chemical formula or
experimental data.

To understand how the percentage composition of compounds is being

computed, study the following examples:

Example Calculate the % by mass of each element in table salt (NaCl).

Step1. Identify all the elements present in the compound and their number of
atoms.
Sodium Na = 1
Chlorine Cl = 1

Step 2. Look for the atomic mass of the elements and multiply it to the number of
atoms of the element.
Sodium Na = 1 x 23 g = 23 g
Chlorine Cl = 1 x 35 g = 35 g
58 g = formula mass/molar mass

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 Step 3. Using the formula for % by mass of element, calculate the percent by
mass of each element in the compound. For consistency of your answer, round it
off to two decimal places.
% by mass Na = 23 g x 100 = 40% Sodium
58 g
% by mass Cl = 35 g x 100 = 60% Chlorine
58 g
Step 4. Check your answer if the total percentage of all
elements is equal to 100.
40% Na
60% Cl
+ So, 1mole of table salt is composed of 40%
100%
Na and 60% Cl.

Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

Knowing the elements that make up a substance from the chemical analysis
will help us determine the ratio of the relative number of atoms composing the
compound. The relative number of atoms of elements in a compound may be used
to compute the empirical formula of the compound. An empirical formula is the
simplest whole-number ratio of the elements present in a chemical compound. The
number of atoms of each element present is not divisible to each other. The
molecular formula is the formula that contains the actual number of atoms in a
chemical compound. It is often described as the true formula. There are many
compounds whose empirical and molecular formulas are the same.
If chemists are given an unknown sample, they will use qualitative analysis
to identify the elements present and quantitative analysis to determine the
percentage composition. Then, they will compute for the empirical and molecular
formulas of the unknown sample. The following are the steps in calculating the
empirical formula of the compound from its percentage composition.

Sample Problem No. 1

A compound is analyzed to contain 32.36% Na, 22.57% S, and 45.07% O.
Determine its empirical formula.

Step 1. Convert the percentage of each element in a compound to an actual mass

in grams. Assume that the compound is 100 g. Find the atomic mass of the
element in the periodic table.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic

(assume 100 g) mass
Na 32.36 23
S 22.57 32
O 45.07 16

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Step 2. Convert the mass of each element to its number of moles.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass
Na 32.36 23 32.36 = 1.41
23
S 22.57 32 22.57 = 0.71
32
O 45.07 16 45.07 = 2.82
16

Step 3. Divide the computed mole of each element by the smallest mole. Round
off the quotient if it is not a whole number. Use the quotient to represent the
number of atoms of each element in the compound. If the quotient has 0.5 or
very near it (examples: 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5) multiply all quotients by 2.
In this case the smallest mole is 0.70.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass smallest mole
Na 32.36 23 32.36 = 1.41 1.41 = 1.98 = 2
23 0.71
S 22.57 32 22.57 = 0.71 0.71 = 1
32 0.71
O 45.07 16 45.07 = 2.82 2.82 = 3.97 = 4
16 0.71

The empirical formula of the compound is Na2SO4.

Sample Problem No. 2

What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 53.8% Fe and 46.2%
S?

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass smallest mole
Fe 53.80 56 53.80 = 0.96 0.96 = 1 x 2 = 2
56 0.96
S 46.20 32 46.20 = 1.44 1.44 = 1.5 x 2 = 3
32 0.96

The empirical of the compound is Fe2S3.

Step 4. To determine the molecular formula, divide the actual molar mass of the
compound by the empirical mass. Multiply the quotient with the subscripts of
the element in the empirical formula.

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 Sample Problem No. 3
Glucose is sugar found in our blood. It has molar mass of 180 g/mole.
Determine its empirical and molecular formula if its percentage composition is
40.00% C, 6.67 % H, and 53.33 % O.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 mass atomic mass smallest mole
g)
C 40.00 12 40.00 = 3.33 3.33 = 1
12 3.33
H 6.67 1 6.67 = 6.67 6.67 = 2
1 3.33
O 53.33 16 53.33 = 3.33 3.33 = 1
16 3.33

The empirical formula of glucose is CH2O. Compute the molar mass.

C= 1 x 12 = 12
H= 2x 1 = 2
O= 1 x 16 = 16
30 g/mol

Divide the actual molar mass of the compound by the empirical mass.
180 g/mol = 6
30 g/mol
Multiply the ratio with subscript in the empirical formula to get the molecular
formula.
(CH2O) 6 = C6H12O6 is the molecular formula of glucose.

What’s More
Activity 1.3 Components by Percent

Below are some medicines used to treat the symptoms of patients infected
by Covid-19. Use the periodic table of elements and compute for the percentage by
mass of the compounds. Write your answers on the table below.

1. Remdesevir (C27H35N6O8P) is an anti-viral drug used to treat severe acute

respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Element No. of Atoms Atomic Mass No. of atoms Percentage
(g) x Atomic Composition
Mass (g)

Molecular Mass 100.00 %

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 2. Hydroxychloroquine (C18H26ClN3O) is primarily used to treat malaria and
several inflammatory diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Element No. of Atoms Atomic Mass No. of atoms Percentage
(g) x Atomic Composition
Mass (g)

Molecular Mass 100.00 %

3. Azithromycin (C38H72N2O12) is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for bacterial

infection.
Element No. of Atoms Atomic Mass No. of atoms Percentage
(g) x Atomic Composition
Mass (g)

Molecular Mass 100.00 %

Activity 1.4 Ingredients by Percent

Objectives: 1. Simulate the production of a chemical compound.

2. Determine the molar mass of the compound.
3. Determine the percentage composition of the compound.

What you need: mixed nuts (ding dong), plate

Procedure:
1. Get a small pack of mixed nuts and place them on a plate. (e.g. Corn Bits,
Dingdong)
2. Count the number of pieces of every ingredient. Record your answer in the
data table.
3. Use the data entered to determine your compound’s chemical formula. (Use
the first letter of each ingredient as it’s element symbol & be sure to use the
proper subscripts.) e.g. N3P4C6B2.
4. Use the formula for percentage composition to determine the percentage
composition of each “atom” (bits) in the compound.

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 Data Table 1
Ingredient No. of Pieces Atomic Mass Percentage Composition
(No. of atoms) Mass (no. of atoms x total mass of element x 100
atomic mass) molar mass of compound
Nuts (N) 12 g

Green 16 g
Peas (P)
Cornick 1g
(C)
Fried 14 g
Biscuits
(B)
Molar Mass

Note: The atomic mass of the ingredients is just a representation of the atomic mass
of the elements. It is not the actual mass of the ingredients. You may change the
kind of ingredients in the first column depending on the mixed nuts you use.

Guide Questions:
1. Which of the ingredients has the highest percentage by mass?_____________
lowest percentage by mass?______________________________________________
2. What is the chemical formula of your unknown compound? _______________

To assess yourself on how well you performed on the laboratory activity, refer to
the rubric scoring guide below.

Rubric Scoring Guide for the Activity

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Materials All materials and Almost all Most of the Many materials
setup used in the materials and the materials and the are described
experiment are setup used in the setup used in the inaccurately or are
clearly and experiment are experiment are not described at
accurately clearly and accurately all.
described. accurately described.
described.
Scientific Report illustrates Report illustrates Report illustrates Report illustrates
Concepts an accurate and an accurate a limited inaccurate
thorough understanding of understanding of understanding of
understanding of most scientific scientific concepts scientific concepts
scientific concepts concepts underlying the lab. underlying the lab.
underlying the lab. underlying the lab.
Calculations All calculations Some calculations Some calculations No calculations
are shown, and are shown, and are shown, and are shown, or
the results are the results are the results are results are
correct and labeled correct and labeled labeled inaccurate or
appropriately. appropriately. appropriately. mislabeled.

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Activity 1.5 Formula from the Percentage Composition

Determine the empirical and molecular formula of the following compounds.

Complete the table below with the needed information.

1. Methyl butanoate is an ester that smells like apple. Its molar mass is 102
g/mole. Determine its molecular formula if its percentage composition is
58.80% C, 9.90 % H, and 31.30 % O.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass smallest mole

Empirical Formula: ________________________

Empirical Mass: ________________________
Molar Mass = ______________________
Empirical Mass
Molecular Formula: ____________________

2. A hydrocarbon compound is 75% C and 25% H. What is the empirical

formula of the compound?

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass smallest mole

Empirical Formula: ____________________________

3. Nicotine is a compound obtained from cigarette and is believed to be

responsible for many harmful effects. It contains 74.03% C, 8.70% H, and
17.27% N. If the molar mass of nicotine is 162 g/mol, what is its molecular
formula.

Element Mass in Grams Atomic Mole = given mass mole

(assume 100 g) mass atomic mass smallest mole

Empirical Formula: _____________________

Empirical Mass: ________________________
Molar Mass = ______________________
Empirical Mass
Molecular Formula: ____________________

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Activity 1.6 Crime Investigation at Mole University

Solve the mystery case and write your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

Your Task: You are a junior investigator in Marikina Police SOCO. Your case
involves a Chemistry professor named Dr. Kemisteryo who works in Mole
University. He was found unconscious inside his laboratory. Forensic tests were
done to find out the possible cause of his untimely death and who killed him.
Based on your investigation, you were able to find three chemicals that Dr.
Kemisteryo was exposed to.

To help you with the identity of chemicals involved in Dr. Kemisteryo’s case, study
the table below.

Uses of Some Compounds with their Empirical and Molecular Formula

Identity Empirical Molecular Uses
Formula Formula
Amphetamine C9H13N same Prescription drug for treatment of
ADHD
Baking soda NaHCO3 same ingredient for baking, kitchen
cleaner
Caffeine C4H5N2O C8H10N4O2 Stimulant found in coffee
and many sodas
Hydrogen HCN same Highly poisonous gaseous
Cyanide compound
Ibuprofen C13H18O2 same Over-the-counter muscle
relaxer and painkiller
Vanilla C8H8O3 same flavoring

Chemical No.1
You found an unlabeled medicine bottle containing white tablets in his
drawer. In the analysis, the medicine was found to contain 75.69% C, 8.80% H,
and 15.51% O. Dr. Kemisteryo takes medicine because he is overworked. The
medicine was prescribed by his pharmacist who happens to have arguments with
Dr. Kemisteryo because of the prices of the medicines. He is suspect number 1.

Chemical No. 2
Several of Dr. Kemisteryo’s full or partial fingerprints were retrieved from a
tipped coffee mug found in his table. A faint almond scent was detected around the
rim. A liquid sample of the compound was found to contain 3.74% H, 44.43% C,
and 51.83% N. The molar mass was determined to be 27.03 g/mol. You found out
that the coffee was given by his girlfriend Ms. Mary Mole as a peace offering
because of their love quarrel. She is suspect number 2.

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Chemical No. 3
In Dr. Kemisteryo’s table, you found a mysterious white powder. It was
quantitatively analyzed, and its percent composition was determined to be 27.37%
Na, 1.20% H, 14.30% C, and 57.13% O. You saw in the CCTV footage that his
colleague Mr. Hydro Carbon brought a white powder contained in a beaker two
hours before he was found dead. He is suspect number 3.

Which chemical was the cause of death of Mr. Kemisteryo? _________________

Who is the killer?__________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Make a reflective thinking about the lessons that you have learned about this
module. Choose three questions to answer creating a row vertically, horizontally,
or diagonally. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
THINK-TAC-TOE

What I Can Do
Compounds in Food and their Percentage Composition

Look for 4 food labels showing their ingredients. Cut and paste it in a short
copy/bond paper. Identify one simple compound from the ingredients in each food
label. Be able to compute the percentage composition of the listed compounds.
You must show your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

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Rubric Scoring Guide
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Completion included complete 4 included 3 food included 2 food included only 1 food
food labels labels labels label

Mathematical 90-100% of the Almost all (85-89%) Most (75-84%) of More than 75% of
steps and solutions of the steps and the steps and the steps and
Errors
have no solutions have no solutions have no solutions have
mathematical mathematical mathematical mathematical
errors. errors. errors. errors.

Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work appears
presented in a neat, presented in a neat presented in an sloppy and
Organization
clear, organized and organized organized fashion unorganized. It is
fashion that is easy fashion that is but may be hard to hard to know what
to read. usually easy to read at times. information goes
read. together.

Assessment
Read and understand the questions below and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following is the ratio between the mass of the element and the
total mass of compound multiplied by one hundred?
A. percent yield C. percentage by volume
B. percent by mole D. percentage composition

2. Below are compounds containing the element sodium, which of the following
has the greatest percentage of that element?
A. sodium chloride - NaCl C. sodium nitrate – NaNO3
B. Sodium hydroxide – NaOH D. sodium sulfate – Na2SO4

3. Analysis of a sample of a covalent compound showed that it contained

14.4% hydrogen and 85.6% carbon by mass. What is the empirical formula
for the compound?
A. CH B. CH2 C. CH4 D. C2H3

4. Lactic acid is formed when milk ferments. What is the molecular formula of
lactic acid if its empirical formula is CH2O and its molar mass is 90 g/mol?
A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O3 C. C4H8O4 D. C5H10O5

5. Which of the following is NOT an empirical formula?

I. CH II. C2H3 III. C2H4O2 IV. C6H12O6
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. III and IV

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 Additional Activities
Be a Healthy Consumer

Goal: Analyze the percentage composition of different brands of two food products
and decide on the products’ appropriate percentage composition.

Role: Suppose you are a nutritionist in the Food and Drug Administration.

Audience: Members of the family who are in charge of marketing and cooking.

Situation: The City of Marikina is having a nutrition campaign in celebration of

nutrition month.

Product: Make a trifold brochure on how you can explain to a consumer to

improve their understanding of the health consequences of their dietary choices
based on the nutrition facts label of food products.

Food Sample No. 1- Instant Noodles

A B

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Food Sample No. 2 – Fortified Powdered Milk
A B

Guide Questions:
1. What similarities and differences do you see in the products?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Which instant noodle is better for persons with hypertension? _________
Why? _____________________________________________________________________
3. Which milk will provide a person with greater amount of iron, zinc, and
vitamin C? ________________________________________________________________
Rubric Scoring Guide
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Amount of All topics are addressed and all All topics are addressed All topics are addressed, One or more topics were
questions answered with at and most questions and most questions not addressed.
Information least 2 sentences about each. answered with at least 2 answered with 1
sentences about each. sentence about each.

Quality of Information clearly relates to
the main topic. It includes
Information several supporting details
and/or examples.
Information clearly Information clearly Information has little or
relates to the main topic. relates to the main topic. nothing to do with the
It provides 1-2 No details and/or main topic.
supporting details examples are given.
and/or examples.

Read and understand the questions below and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. What is the percent composition for carbon and hydrogen in methane (CH4)?
A. H=21%; C=79% C. H=27%; C=73%
B. H=25%; C=75% D. H=31%; C=69%

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2. How can you apply the knowledge of percentage position?
A. in knowing the amount of salt in foods
B. in checking the value of the substance
C. in determining the origin of the product
D. in identifying the element present in the substance

3. Antacid tablets contain the compound aluminum hydroxide. It has a

chemical formula of Al(OH)3. What is the percentage of aluminum in the
compound?
A. 25% B. 35% C. 63% D. 72%

4. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

I. Percentage composition of compounds may be computed from its
chemical formula or experimental data.
II. Percentage composition is helpful in analyzing the purity of the
compound
III. Percentage composition is the ratio between the two elements in the
compound.
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I and III

5. A compound has a molecular formula of C12H24O6. What is this compound's

empirical formula?
A. CHO B. C2H4O C. C6H12O3 D. C12H24O6

6. What formula contains the actual number of atoms in a compound?

A. condensed formula C. molecular formula
B. empirical formula D. structural formula

7. Which of the following is NOT an empirical formula?

I. C3H7 II. CaCl2 III. C2H4O2 IV. C6H12O6
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. III and IV

8. What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 70.00% Fe and

30.00% O?
A. FeO B. Fe2O C. Fe2O3 D. Fe2O4

9. Ribose is a simple sugar found in ribonucleic acid (RNA). The molar mass of
this compound is 150 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of ribose if it
contains 40.00% C, 6.67% H, and 53.33% O??
A. C2H6O2 B. C5H10O5 C. C6H12O6 D. C12H22O11

10. Acetic acid is a substance found in vinegar. What is the molecular formula of
acetic acid if its empirical formula is CH2O and its molar mass is 60 g/mol?
A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O3 C. C4H8O4 D. C5H10O5

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
18 City of Good Character
Lesson 2. Hydroxychloroquine (C18H26ClN3O)
Element No. of Atomic No. of atoms x Percentage
Atoms Mass Atomic Mass Composition
What’s In C 18 12 216 64
H 26 1 26 8
1. FACT
Cl 1 35 35 10
2. BLUFF
N 3 14 42 13
3. FACT
4. BLUFF O 1 16 16 5
5. FACT Molecular Mass 335 100
What's New
A. 3. Azithromycin (C38H72N2O12)
1. The elements are the same in the four oxoacids No. of Atomic No. of atoms x Percentage
of chlorine. Element Atoms Mass Atomic Mass Composition
2. The percentage composition of the four oxoacids C 38 12 456 61
of chlorine is different. H 72 1 72 10
3. The mass of chlorine in each compound is N 2 14 28 4
35.45 grams. O 12 16 192 25
4. Hypochlorous acid is the best source of chlorine Molecular Mass 748 100
because it comprises 67% in the compound.
B. Activity 1.4
1. 3:6 5. 2:2 Your answers in the data table and guide questions may vary
2. 1:2 6. 1:1 depending on the kind of mixed nuts you used.
3. 5:10 7. 4:6 You may refer to the Rubric Scoring Guide to assess your
4. 1:2 8. 2:3 performance in the activity.
Answers to Guide Questions:
1. To get the lowest whole number ratio of carbon Activity 1.5
to hydrogen, just divide the subscripts in the
formula. 1.
2. The lowest whole number ratio is the same with Ele Mass in Ato Mole = given mole
the empirical formula. ment Grams mic mass smallest mole
3. No (assume mass atomic
4. Empirical formula is the simplest whole number 100 g) mass
ratio of the elements while molecular formula C 58.80 12 58.80 = 4.90 4.90 = 2.5 x 2 =
represents the actual number of atoms in the 12 5
compound. 1.96
5. a. CH2O H 9.90 1 9.90 = 9.90 9.90 = 5 x 2 = 10
b. CH2O 1 1.96
c. C4H9 O 31.30 16 31.30 = 1.96 1.96 = 1 x 2 = 2
d. P2O5 16 1.96
e. CH2O Empirical Formula: C5H10O2
Empirical Mass: 102 g/mol
What’s More Molar Mass = 102 g/mol
Activity 1.3 Empirical Mass 102 g/mol
1. Remdesivir (C27H35N6O8P)
Element No. of Atomic No. of Percentage Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Atoms Mass atoms Composition 2.
x Ele Mass in Ato Mole = given mole
Atomic ment Grams mic mass smallest mole
Mass (assume mass atomic
C 27 12 324 54 100 g) mass
H 35 1 35 6 C 75.00% 12 75.00 = 6.25 6.25 = 1
N 6 14 84 14 12 6.25
O 8 16 128 21 H 25.00% 1 25.00 = 25.00 25.00 = 4
P 1 31 31 5 1 6.25
Molecular Mass 602 g 100 % Empirical Formula: CH4
Answer Key
 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
19 City of Good Character
.
Chemical 3
3. Ele Mass in Atomic Mole = given mole
Ele Mass in Ato n = given mass Mole(n) ment Grams mass mass smallest
ment Grams mic atomic mass smallest mole (assume atomic mole
(assume mass 100 g) mass
100 g) Na 27.37 23 27.37 = 1.19 1.19 = 1
C 74.03 12 74.03 = 6.17 6.17 = 5 23 1.19
12 1.23 H 1.20 1 1.20 = 1.20 1.20 = 1
H 8.70 1 8.70 = 8.70 8.70 = 7 1 1.19
1 1.23 C 14.30 12 14.30 = 1.19 1.19 = 1
N 17.27 14 17.27 = 1.23 1.23 = 1 12 1.19
14 1.23 O 57.13 16 57.13 = 3.57 3.57 = 3
Empirical Formula: C5H7O 16 1.13
Empirical Mass: 81 g/mol Empirical and Molecular Formula = NaHCO3
Molar Mass = 162 g/mol = 2 The substance is baking soda. Mr. Hydro Carbon is not
Empirical Mass 81 g/mol the killer.
Molecular Formula: 2 (C5H7O2) = C10H14O2
Activity 1.6
What I have learned
Answers may vary.
Chemical 1
Ele Mass Ato n = given mass mole
ment in mic atomic mass smallest mole
What I can do
Gra mas
Your response for this part may vary depending on the
ms s
products that you can find at home.
(assu
me
To assess you work, refer to the Rubric Scoring Guide
100
g)
C 75.6 12 75.69 = 6.31 6.31 = 6.5 x 2 = 13 Assessment
9 12 0.97 1. D 3. B 5. D
H 8.80 1 8.80 = 8.80 8.80 = 9 x 2 = 18 2. B 4. B
1 0.97
O 15.5 16 15.51 = 0.97 0.97 = 1 x 2 = 2 Additional Activities
1 16 0.97 Answers may vary.
Empirical and Molecular Formula = C13H18O2
The medicine is ibuprofen. The pharmacist is not the killer.
Chemical 2
Ele Mass in Atomic Mole = given mole
ment Grams mass mass smallest
(assume atomic mole
100 g) mass
H 3.74 1 3.74 = 3.74 3.74 = 1
1 3.70
C 44.43 12 44.43 = 3.70 3.70 = 1
12 3.70
N 51.83 14 51.83 = 3.70 3.70 = 1
14 3.70
Empirical and Molecular = HCN
The substance is a highly poisonous gas. Ms. Mary Mole is
the killer.
Answer Key
 References
PRINTED RESOURCES
Abistado, Jonna M., Meliza P. Valdoz, Marites D. Aquino, Mary Anne T. Bascara, and
Gil Nonato A. Santos. Science Links 9. Seamless K-12ed. Manila, NCR: Rex
Printing Co., Inc., 2014.
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A. Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaelee A. Olarte, et al. Science - Grade 9
Learner's Module. 1st ed. Pasig, NCR: Department of Education, 2014.
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Joan S. Cook. Breaking Through Science 9. Quezon City, NCR: C & E
Publishing Inc., 2014.
Bautista, Delfin C., Lilia F. Vergara, Maria Cecilia D.C. Lacson, and Jovelyn V.
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Waterman. Chemistry. 5th ed. Jurong, Singapore: Pearson Education, 2000.

ONLINE RESOURCES
Brain, Marshall, Charles W. Bryant, and Matt Cunningham. “How Caffeine Works.”
HowStuffWorks Science. HowStuffWorks, January 27, 2020.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/caffeine1.htm.
Empirical and Molecular Formulas. Accessed July 11, 2020.
https://studyres.com/doc/1278004/empirical-and-molecular-formulas.
“Hydroxychloroquine.” American Chemical Society. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-
week/archive/h/Hydroxychloroquine.html.
Libretexts. “2.10: Percent Composition.” Chemistry LibreTexts. Libretexts, July 15,
2020.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Che
m_1402:_General_Chemistry_1_(Kattoum)/Text/2:_Atoms,_Molecules,_and_Ions
/5.13:_Percent_Composition.
PubChem. "Azithromycin." PubChem. Accessed August 26, 2020.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Azithromycin.
Publishing, Harvard Health. “Treatments for COVID-19.” Harvard Health. Accessed
July 16, 2020. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-
conditions/treatments-for-covid-19.
“Remdesivir.” American Chemical Society. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-
week/archive/r/remdesivir.html.
"Section 6.5: Emperical Versus Molecular Formulas." Loading. Accessed August
14, 2020. https://www.chem.uiuc.edu/rogers/Text6/Tx65/tx65fr.html.

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