Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Science Grade 9
Quarter 2 - Module 4-5
The Carbon Compounds

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
0
Name of School: ___________________________
Module
The Carbon Compounds
4-5
What I Need to Know
In the previous module, you have learned about how non-metals make
chemical bonds by sharing electrons from their outer shells to attain stable
electronic configurations. This is also the process by which every carbon
compounds or organic compound is formed. Carbon is a versatile element in
terms of its ability to bond in so many different ways (single, double, and triple
bonds). In this module, you will learn about how the structure of carbon atom
affects the types of bonds it forms.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how the structure of carbon atom affects the types of bonds it
forms. (S9MT-IIg-17)

You have learned in the previous lesson about the two kinds of bonds
that an element may have, namely covalent bond and ionic bond. So, to recall
these different bonds, answer the activity in the next page.

What’s In Score: ____/13

Activity 1: What’s the bonding?
Directions: Complete the table below by identifying the type of chemical
bonds (ionic, metallic and covalent) of the following compounds.

Compound Types of Chemical Bonds

𝐂𝐚𝐅𝟐
𝐂𝐁𝐫𝟒
𝐂𝐮
𝐂𝐎
𝐂𝐇𝟒
𝐀𝐥
𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥
𝐂𝐒𝟐
𝐊𝐂𝐥
𝐂𝐇𝟑 𝐂𝐇𝟐 𝐎𝐇

1
Guide Questions:
1. From the table above, list the carbon compounds.
Answer: ___________________________________________________________
2. Based from the table above, what type of chemical bond do these carbon
compounds have? Encircle the letter of the correct answer
a. Covalent
b. Ionic
c. Metallic
3. How do covalent bonds form between atoms? Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.
a. When pairs of electrons are shared by atoms.
b. When a metal combines with non-metal.
c. When many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons.

Now that you have finished answering activity 1, you may continue
exploring other type of bonds.
Try answering the succeeding activities to further your knowledge of
the structure of carbon atom and how it is able to form many compounds.

What’s New Score: ____/5

Activity 2: Hydrocarbons… Hydrocarbons everywhere!

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and
hydrogen atoms only. Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane and butane are
components of natural gas. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families namely,
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. The compounds in each group have certain
structures that make their properties different from the other.
Objectives:
 Recognize common kinds of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes and their
uses;
 Identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes;
and
 Relate the structure of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to their
properties.
Procedure:
A. Use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the questions in this activity.
Table 1. Alkanes
Condensed Structural Boiling Point
Name Phase
Formula (℃)
Methane Gas CH4 −162
Ethane Gas CH3 CH3 −89

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 Propane Gas CH3 CH2 CH3 −42

Butane Gas CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 −0.5

Pentane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 36

Hexane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 69

Heptane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 98

Octane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 126
Table 2. Alkenes
Condensed Structural Boiling Point
Name Phase
Formula (℃)
Ethene Gas CH2 = CH2 −104
Propene Gas CH2 = CHCH3 −47
1-Butene Gas CH2 = CHCH2 CH3 −6
1-Pentene Liquid CH2 = CHCH2 CH2 CH3 30

1-Hexene Liquid CH2 = CHCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 63

Table 3. Alkynes
Condensed
Boiling Point
Name Phase Structural
(℃)
Formula
Ethyne Gas HC ≡ CH −84
Propyne Gas CH ≡ CCH3 −47
2-Butyne Gas CH3 C ≡ CCH3 8.08
Pentyne Liquid HC ≡ CCH2 CH2 CH3 40.2
Guide Questions:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your choice.
1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes and
alkynes?
a. Alkanes – single bond, Alkenes – double bond, Alkynes – triple bond
b. Alkenes – single bond, Alkynes – double bond, Alkanes – triple bond
c. Alkynes – single bond, Alkanes – double bond, Alkenes – triple bond
2. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene and
alkyne?
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Does not change

3. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
a. Because they have different boiling points.

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 b. Because of the structure or the size of the molecules of the compounds.
c. Because hydrocarbons differ in their chemical bonding.
4. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds?
a. Because of the atomic structure of the carbon makes it possible to form
many types of bonds with other elements and with other carbon atoms.
b. Because the carbon atoms are attracted to different types of metals and
non-metals that they tend to bond with them to make the carbon atoms
stable.
c. Because carbon atoms give off electrons making them unstable when not
bonded with the other elements.
5. Which of the following hydrocarbons is used as a component of gasoline?
a. Ethyne
b. Methane
c. Pentene

You have just learned how the structures of hydrocarbons affect their
properties, such as physical state and boiling point. In the next activity, you will
learn about the other common organic compounds, alcohols and carbonyl group
containing compounds such as aldehydes and ketones.

Score: ____/4
Activity 3: Alcohol is a MUST!
Alcohols are another group of organic compounds. These organic
compounds also have very important uses. Some alcohols are used as
antiseptic or disinfectant, some are used as cleaning agents, others are used
as components of liquors and a few alcohols are used as fuel for portable
stoves or other types of burners.
Objectives:
 Identify similarities in the structures of different kinds of alcohols; and
 Relate these similarities to the common properties they have.
Procedure:
A. Look at the illustrations below. Use the following illustrations of the
structures of common alcohols to answer the following questions.

Ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Methyl alcohol

Guide Questions:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your
choice. Each item is worth 2 points.
1. What types of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and in
isopropyl alcohol?

4
 a. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have single bonds.
b. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have double bonds.
c. The structures of the alcohols in the activity only have triple bonds

2. What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols?

a. Alcohols have the same hydroxyl group as their functional group
that is why they have some similar properties or characteristics.
b. Alcohols consist of an oxygen atom that form double bonds with two
or more hydrogen atoms.

Now, you have learned the uses of common alcohols and the
relationship between the structures of alcohols and their physical properties.
In the next activity, you will learn about simple carbonyl compounds, their
properties and uses.
Score: ____/4

Activity 4: What is Common between Acetone and

Formalin?
Acetone and formalin are examples of simple carbonyl containing
compounds which have common uses. Carbonyl containing compounds are
organic compounds that contain carbonyl functional group, which is
composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C = O.
Objectives:
 Relate the structures of acetone, and formalin to the carbonyl
compounds where they belong.
Procedure:
A. Use the illustrations of the structures of acetone, and formaldehyde
(formalin) below to answer the questions.

formaldehyde acetone

Guide Questions:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your
choice. Each item is worth 2 points.
1. What types of bonds do the common compounds have in their
structures?

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 a. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde all have single and
double bonds.
b. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde all have a double bond
only.
2. Formalin and acetone are common carbonyl containing compounds.
Why do you think they both belong in the group of carbonyl containing
compounds?
a. The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde both have carbonyl
functional group, C = O.
b. The boiling points of acetone and formaldehyde are almost the same
and they are both in liquid phase.

What is it
In the activity 1, you have recalled about the different chemical bonds
that hold the atoms in a compound. You have also recalled that when pairs
of electrons are shared by atoms, a covalent bonding occurs. Covalent bonds
often occur in many carbon compounds.
Carbon atoms have special abilities. Carbon atoms can form chemical
bonds with other carbon atoms and other nonmetal atoms in many ways.
They can form single, double and triple bonds. These abilities of carbon atoms
are the reasons why there are so many kinds of organic compounds.
In the activity 2, it will acquaint you with the useful characteristics of
carbon atoms and the relationship of the structures and properties of the
special group of another type of organic compounds, the hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are a specific group of organic compounds which contain
carbon and hydrogen only. Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes are the three basic
groups of hydrocarbon compounds.
Alkanes are hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bonds in
the compounds. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons
because additional hydrogen atoms can no longer bond in the compound. The
first alkane is methane, CH4 , and the second member is ethane, CH3 CH3 , which
are common alkane compounds. The name of the compounds in this group
all end with -ane.
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have one or more carbon-carbon
double bonds in their structures. The name of alkene compounds ends in –
ene. The simplest alkenes are ethene, CH2 CH2 , and propene, CH2 CHCH3 .
Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The most common
alkyne compound is ethyne or acetylene. The name of alkene compounds ends in
–yne.

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 In the activity 3, you have learned about structures of alcohols. You
also have understood the similarities that different alcohols have which also
make them share some common properties.
The following concepts explain the relationship between the structures
and the properties of the different alcohols Functional group is a group of
atoms that are bonded to the molecule. This group is responsible for the
characteristics or property of that compound. Alcohols have hydroxyl group
(−𝐎𝐇). They have special uses such as disinfectant, fuel, and as a main
component (ethyl alcohol) of liquor and other alcoholic drinks. If you are going
to observe the structures of ethyl, isopropyl, and methyl alcohol, you will
notice the hydroxyl group (−OH) in their structures (see the illustrations
below).

In the activity 4, you have recognized other different, important organic

compounds: acetone, and formaldehyde. These compounds are commonly
used at home and at school. However, you are not really fully aware about the
identities and the basic nature of these compounds. Most often, you are just
aware of the products’ names of these materials.
Carbonyl compounds like acetone and formaldehyde have a carbonyl
functional group, 𝐂 = 𝐎, which is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the
compound. These common carbonyl compounds also have important uses:
acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover, and
formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials like an animal
specimen. This is also the compound used in embalming human cadavers.

What’s More Score: ____/5

Activity 5: Where do I belong?
Directions: Fill in the table below. Identify the specific group of organic
compounds (hydrocarbon, hydroxyl and carbonyl) given its chemical
structure.

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 Compounds Group

What I Have Learned Score: ____/20

Activity 6. Fill me!

Directions: Fill the chart with the correct words from the box. Write the
words in each box to complete the thought of the graphic organizer.
Choose here:

8
 What I Can Do
Score: ____ / 30
Activity 7. We have a bond!
You have learned from this module that the structure of carbon atom affects
the bonds it may form. These different bonds explain why carbon-containing
compounds tend to appear in varied forms, some in a form of gas and some are in
liquid form.

Similarly, the health crisis that we are currently facing changed the structure
of our day to day activities that we once used to enjoy. One of which that was greatly
affected by the pandemic is the education sector were no face-to-face learning is
allowed until a vaccine will be readily available in the market. How do you think will
the current educational platform will affect the bond between the teacher and the
student like you?
Search for news clippings or news reports that you can either get from the
web, television or radio that shows current trends that the students and teachers are
experiencing in relation to the blended learning approach. Complete the report by
completing the 5WH table below.

5WH Questions Information gathered from news

clippings or news reports
1. What is or are the issues or
concerns of the featured
individuals about blended
learning?
2. Why were they featured in the
news?
3. When did you heard or saw the
news report?
4. Where did it happen?

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 5. Who are the persons involved?
(State the names of featured
individuals)
6. How are they coping with the
current blended learning
approach?
Source of the news report:

Assessment Score: ____/15

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the
space provided before each number.
_______ 1. What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbon compounds when
the number of carbon atoms increases?
A. Decreases C. Increases
B. Increases then decreases D. Remains the same
_______ 2. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?
A. C.

B. D. All of the above

________ 3. Which alkene will most likely have the highest boiling point?
A. Ethene C. Pentene
B. Hexene D. Propene
________ 4. Which are TRUE about the use of ethyl alcohol?
I. Medicine III. Disinfectant
II. Fuel IV. Fertilizer

A. I and II only C. III and IV only

B. II and III only D. I and IV only
_________ 5. Emmanuel Juan cut his finger accidentally when he was cutting
his nails. He has to apply something on his wound so that it will not get
infected. Which compound should he use?
A. Formalin C. Kerosene
B. Isopropyl Alcohol D. Acetone
_______ 6. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure
below belong?

10
 A. Alkane C. Alkyne
B. Alkene D. None of the above

_______ 7. Maria Paula wants to preserve a fish for her project in Biology class.
What kind of compound should she use to preserve the animal?
A. Acetic acid C. Formaldehyde
B. Acetone D. Methyl alcohol
_______ 8. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?
A. C.

B. D. All of the above

_______ 9. Which compound is an alcohol? Choose only one.

A. C.

B. D.

_______ 10. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon
compound?

A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
_______ 11. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the
structure 𝐇 − 𝐂 ≡ 𝐂 − 𝐇 belong?
A. Alkane C. Alkyne
B. Alkene D. None of the above
_______ 12. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
A. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds.
B. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other
elements.

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 C. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal
elements.
D. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding
elements.
______ 13. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
______ 14. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
A. Ethene C. Methane
B. Ethyne D. Octane
______ 15. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon
compound?

A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

Good job! You have reach this far.

Take time to answer the succeeding pages for a little more exciting
activities to enrich what you have learned from this module.

Additional Activity Score: ____/6

Activity 8. What makes me myself?

Directions: Encircle the bond/s that makes the chemical structure belong
to a particular carbon compound. Then, identify whether it is Alkane,
Alkene, Alkyne, Hydroxyl, and Carbonyl.
1. 3.

Alkene
𝐂=𝐂

2. 4.

12
 13
Activity 5: Activity 4: Activity 3:
Where do I belong? What is Common What’s the bonding?
between Acetone and
Formalin?
 Hydrocarbon Guide Questions:
 Hydroxyl 1. A
Guide Questions:
2. A
 Hydrocarbon 1. A
2. A
 Carbonyl
 Hydroxyl
Activity 2: Activity 1: What’s the
What I Know
Hydrocarbons… bonding?
1. B
 Ionic
Hydrocarbons
2. C
 Covalent
everywhere!
3. B
 Metallic
4. B
 Covalent
Guide Questions:
5. B
1. A  Covalent
6. C
2. A  Metallic
7. C
3. B  Ionic
8. A/B
4. A  Covalent
9. B
5. A  Ionic
10. C
 Covalent
11. C
Guide Questions:
12. A
1. CBr4, , CH4 , CO, CS2 , and CH3 CH2 OH
13. B
2. A
14. B
3. A
15. B
Answer Key-Gr9Q2W4-5 Science
 14
Activity 4:
What makes me myself? Assessment Activity 6:
1. Alkene 1. C Fill me!
2. Hydroxyl 2. A
3. Alkynes 3. B
4. Alkynes 4. B
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. A/B
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. B
 References
Books:
Department of Education. (2013) Grade 9 learner’s module. Department of Education
Websites:
Carbon compounds structure. Retrieved August 25, 2020 from https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSWK4gIcKjGHf1gb2f0AdbgkgIsh4D2q0X7tA&usq
p=CAU
Compound structure chemical chemistry. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from
https://svgsilh.com/image/155277.html
Diamond. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRbwoMHv9MmZ0OHqmCqyoNFUxFdHoaPnRBq3
A&usqp=CAU
Hexane-2C5-dione_3D. Retrieved: August 25, 2020, from
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Hexane-2%2C5-dione_3D.jpg
Serotonin. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/03/26/02/51/serotonin- 4969042_960_720.png
Science / Carbon and its Compounds. 2012-2018. learnhive.
http://www.learnhive.net/learn/cbse-grade- 10/science/carbon-and-its-
compounds?fbclid=IwAR2YCuSLlGgH4TVZdrzKwmsbdqGlggHOVNyGbyI6SQEFf7NrqqS1rRqb
BUw
Tetrodotoxin-3D-balls. Retrieved: August 25, 2020, from
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tetrodotoxin-3D-
balls.png/763px- Tetrodotoxin-3D-balls.png
Tiedosto:Alloxan-3D-balls. August 25, 2020, from https://fi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedosto:Alloxan-
3D-balls.png
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Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar.
Management Team: Y ora por tí que veas tu redencion final.
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Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora Tal vez acordes oigas de citara ó salterio,
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz.
ASDS Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto á ti.

Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho adolescente, Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor, No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
ASDS Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente, Y mis cenizas antes que vuelvan á la nada,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor.
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Salud te grita el alma que pronto va á partir! Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré,
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Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor. Donde la fé no mata, donde el que reyna es Dios.

Deja á la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave;

Adios, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz,
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave,
Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave
Adios, dulce extrangera, mi amiga, mi alegria,
Deja que el ave entone su cantico de paz.
Adios, queridos séres morir es descansar.

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