Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 9

Formation of Ions

Quarter 2 Module 3
Author: Eleslie D. Gozon

Learning Competency: -
• Explain how ions are formed. (S9MT-IIe-f-16)

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key
card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 Lesson 1: Formation of Ions

EXPECTATIONS
0

You will explain how ions are formed. Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. Describe ions and how it is formed
2. Differentiate cations from anions based on their tendency to lose or gain
electron
3. Show the formation of ions using the Lewis Electron Dot Symbols (LEDS)
4. Write chemical formula of ionic compounds based on the charges of ions.

Let us start your journey in learning more on how

ions are formed. I am sure you are ready and
excited to answer the Pretest. Let’s get going!

PRETEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Among the following, which atom is most likely to form an ion with a
charge of 2+?
A. O B.Na C. Al D. Ca
2. The sulfate ion is written in which of the following ways?
A. S 2- B. SO3 2- C. SO4 2- D. SO 2-
3. The cation Fe3+ is formed when
A. an atom of iron loses one electron
B. an atom of iron loses two electrons
C. an atom of iron loses three electrons
D. an atom of iron gains three electrons
4. The nonmetals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A:
A. lose electrons when they form ions
B. form positively charged ions
C. form ions with charges of 3-, 2-, and 1-, respectively
D. form ions with a numerical charge equal to their group number
5. Which element when combined with chlorine would most likely form an
ionic compound?
A. lithium B. carbon C. phosphorus D. bromine
Great, you finished answering the questions. You
may request your facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Atoms have no electric charge; if they acquire one, they are called ions. Ions are
involved in a form of chemical bonding that produces extremely strong bonds
between metals, or between a metal and a nonmetal. These substances, of which
table salt is an example, are called ionic compounds. Ionization is the process
whereby electrons are removed from an atom or molecule, as well as the process
whereby an ionic substance, such as salt, is dissociated into its component ions in
a solution such as water. There are several varieties of ionization, including field
ionization, which almost everyone has experienced in the form of static electricity.
Ion exchange, or the replacement of one ion by another, is used in applications such
as water purification, while chemists and physicists use ions in mass spectrometry,
to discover mass and structural information concerning atoms and molecules.
Another example of ions at work (and a particularly frightening example at that) is
ionizing radiation, associated with the radioactive decay following a nuclear
explosion.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Read more: http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-
1/Ions-and-Ionization.html#ixzz6bD9vXYjg
Ions: Positive and Negative

Atoms have no electric charge, because they

maintain an equal number of protons (positively
charged subatomic particles) and electrons,
subatomic particles with a negative charge. In certain
situations, however, the atom may lose or gain one or
more electrons and acquire a net charge, becoming
an ion.

CATIONS
When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, the result is a positively charged
ion, or cation (pronounced KAT-ie-un).

ANIONS
When a neutrally charged atom gains electrons, acquiring a negative charge
as a result, this type of ion is known as an anion (AN-ie-un).

Elements and Ion Charges

 Fig 1

The metals (Group1, 2,13, and 14) always form positive ions, or cations; indeed,
one of the defining characteristics of a metal is that it tends to lose electrons.
Likewise, it should be evident from Figure 2 below those nonmetals, (Group 15,
16,17) , gain electrons to form anions.

Fig 2

The reasons why these elements—both metals and nonmetals—behave as they

do are complex, involving the numbers of valence electrons (the electrons
involved in chemical bonding) for each group on the periodic table, as well as the
octet rule of chemical bonding, whereby elements typically bond so that each
atom has eight valence electrons.
 ACTIVITY

Activity 1: Colors, Charges…..IONS!

I. OBJECTIVES:

1. Categorize the elements in the Periodic Table as metals or nonmetals.

2. Predict the atomic charges of metals and nonmetals after losing or gaining
electrons.
3. Enhance the student character with creativity, critical thinking, and
enthusiasm.

II. MATERIALS:
Crayon
Colored pencil or Colored marker

III. PROCEDURES:

1. Locate the metals, non-metals and noble gases in the table below. Color the
metallic elements, blue; the non-metallic elements, yellow; and the noble
gases, green.

2. Use figure 2 to determine how many electrons were lost or gained by an atom

Element Symbol Group Electron Ion Electron Ion

No. lost formed gained formed
Ex. Sodium Na 1 1 H+
Ex. Sulfur S 16 2 S-1
Lithium Li
Beryllium Be
Carbon C
Nitrogen N
Fluorine F

3. Write the symbol of the following elements in the table for ionic charges (in
their right place) and categorize whether CATIONS or ANIONS. Use Fig 1
above as your reference.

a. Sodium d. Sulfur
b. Magnesium e. Chlorine
c. Phosphorus
1. 3.

REMEMBER

Metals tend to lose an electron, while nonmetals tend to gain an electron to

complete eight-valence electrons (octet rule) to become stable.
Atom has no charge because the number of proton (+) is equal to its number of
electron (-), upon losing an electron(-), there will be more proton(+) so it will
become + ion called CATION. Upon gaining an electron, there will be more
electron(-) than the number of proton(+) and become a – ion called ANION.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

 POST TEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Among the following, which atom is most likely to form an ion with a
charge of 2+?
A. O B. Na C. Al D. Ca
2. The sulfate ion is written in which of the following ways?
A. S 2- B. SO3 2- C. SO4 2- D. SO 2-
3. The cation Fe3+ is formed when
A. an atom of iron loses one electron
B. an atom of iron loses two electrons
C. an atom of iron loses three electrons
D. an atom of iron gains three electrons
4. The nonmetals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A:
A. lose electrons when they form ions
B. form positively charged ions
C. form ions with charges of 3-, 2-, and 1-, respectively
D. form ions with a numerical charge equal to their group number
5. Which element when combined with chlorine would most likely form an
ionic compound?
A. lithium B. carbon C. phosphorus D. bromine
 You will demonstrate an understanding of the difference of cations
from anions on their tendency to lose or gain electrons

Specifically, this module will help you to

• Make an illustration of an electron transfer.

• Predict the behavior of an atom after an electron transfer.

Let us start your journey in learning more on

Valence electrons and Ions. I am sure you are
ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Let’s get
going!

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your

answer in a separate sheet.
Consider element Sulfur in answering the following questions.
1. The number of valence electrons in sulfur is
- - -
A) 4e . B) 6e . C) 8e .
2. The change in electrons for octet requires a
- - -
A) loss of 2e . B) gain of 2e . C) a gain of 4e .
3. The ionic charge of sulfur is

A) 2+. B) 2-. C) 4-.

4. Which is the outermost shell in sulfur
A) K B) L C) M

5. Sulfur belongs to what type of element

A) metal b) nonmetal c) metalloid
 DIRECTION: Identify the cations and the anions in the picture below.

Great, you finished answering the questions. You

may request your facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Cations and anions are both ions. The

difference between a cation and an anion is the
net electrical charge of the ion.

Ions are atoms or molecules which have gained

or lost one or more valence electrons, giving the
ion a net positive or negative charge. If the
chemical species has more protons than
electrons, it carries a net positive charge. If
there are more electrons than protons, the species has a negative charge. The
number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element but does not affect the
electrical charge.

Because they have opposite electrical charges, cations and anions are attracted
to each other. Cations repel other cations and anions repel other anions.
A Closer Look at Cations

Cations are ions that have a positive charge. The word “cation” comes from the
Greek word ánō, which means “up.” Examples of cations include:

Silver: Ag+
Hydronium: H3O+
Ammonium: NH4+

Because an electron is removed to form a cation, the cation of an atom can be

smaller than the neutral atom. This is because removing one or more electrons
might involve removing an entire electron shell.

A Closer Look at Anions

Anions are ions with a negative charge. The word “anion” comes from the Greek
word káto, meaning “down.” Examples of anions include:

Hydroxide anion: OH–

Oxide anion: O2-
Sulfate anion: SO42-

Electrons are added to form anions, so they may be larger than neutral atoms if
another electron shell forms.

Remember Cation and Anion

There are a couple of simple mnemonics used to remember a cation is positive

and an anion is negative. First, you can use the letters of the words. The “t” in
“cation” is like a plus symbol. The letters in the word “anion” can stand for “A
Negative Ion.” A pun to remember the difference is “CATions are PAWSitive.”
Comparison of metal and nonmetal atom to become an ion

Valence electrons What are valence

are those electrons electrons?

that are lost or Valence electrons are

those electrons found in
gained when
the outermost shell of
elements combine. an atom. In other words,
these are the electrons
that can be gained or
lost during a chemical
reaction.

Valence electrons and the Periodic Table

The periodic table is a neat arrangement of all the elements we have discovered to
this point. The elements are arranged from left to right in ascending order of their
atomic numbers, or the number of protons or electrons they contain.

The table contains 18 columns in total, formally known as groups, as well as rows,
formally known as periods. There are 7 rows in the sub table above and 2 rows
distinguishing the rarer elements below. The transition elements form a bridge or
perpetuate the transition between the elements in Groups 2 and 13.
How to find valence electrons?

As we move down a group, the number of valence electrons remains the same,
even though the number of shells increases.

While valence electrons across a period incrementally climb by one, the number
of shells remain the same. The period number (row number, to remind you) in
which an element can be found indicates the number of shells encircling its
nucleus. While the period number indicates the number of shells, the group
number indicates the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.
Specifically, the number in the ones’ place. However, this is only true for the main
group elements—the elements inhabiting groups 1-2 and 13-18.

Periodic table group Valence Electrons

Group 1 (I) (alkali metals) 1

Group 2 (II) (alkaline earth metals) 2

2* (The 4s shell is complete and

Groups 3-12 (transition metals)
cannot hold any more e-)

Group 13 (III) (boron group) 3

Group 14 (IV) (carbon group) 4

Group 15 (V) (pnictogens) 5

Group 16 (VI) (chalcogens) 6

Group 17 (VII) (halogens) 7

Group 18 (VIII or 0) (noble gases) 8**

* The general method for counting valence electrons is generally not useful
for transition metals. Instead the modified d electron count method is used.
** Except for helium, which has only two valence electrons.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe how it is likely to form ions in an atom.
2. Predict whether a given element will more likely form a cation or an
anion.

Activity 1: Valence Electrons, Electron Transfer, Octet Rule and More

Direction: Use separate sheet of paper then fill-in the data table.
Element Symbol Shell Valence Electron Cation /
electron Needed to Anion
become
(Outermost stable
Blue dot)

Hydrogen H K 1 Lose 1 Cation

Guide Question:
1. How do atoms acquire + or – charge?

2. How do you describe valence electron?

3. How do you call a positively charged ION? Negatively charged ION.

.
 Valence
electrons are
those electrons
that are lost or
gained when
elements
combine.
Valence electrons
or ve- are the
outermost
electrons in an
atom.
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Write √ If the statement is correct, and X if it is wrong.

1. A sodium atom spontaneously loses an electron to get a full shell of

electrons.
2. Each proton in the nucleus of an atom attracts one specific electron.
3. Energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.
4. Electrons are located in the nucleus with positive charge.
5. Once you have removed an electron from a sodium atom you can
never put it back.

6. Metals tend to lose an electron.

7. Valence electron is the outermost electron.
8. K shell is the innermost shell of an atom.
9. The number of electron and proton must always be equal.
10. Group number of metals correspond to their ionic charge.

POST TEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
Consider element Sulfur in answering the following questions.
1. The number of valence electrons in sulfur is
- - -
A) 4e . B) 6e . C) 8e .
2. The change in electrons for octet requires a
- - -
A) loss of 2e . B) gain of 2e . C) a gain of 4e .
3. The ionic charge of sulfur is
A) 2+. B) 2-. C) 4-.

4. Which is the outermost shell in sulfur

A) K B) L C) M

5. Sulfur belongs to what type of element

A) metal b) nonmetal c) metalloid
Lesson 3: Show the Formation of Ions using the Lewis Elecron Dot
Symbols (LEDS)

EXPECTATIONS
0

You will show the formation of Ions using the Lewis Electron Dot
Symbols (LEDS).
Specifically, this module will help you to

• draw Lewis dot structures for ionically bonded compounds.

• explain the formation of ions as an atom transfers electron to another atom.

Let us start your journey in learning more on

writing Lewis Electron Dot Symbols. I am
sure you are ready and excited to answer
PRETEST the Pretest. Let’s get going!

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is a correct Lewis structure for carbon dioxide, CO2?

A. C.

B. D.
2.Which of the following pairs of elements and valence electrons is incorrect?
A. Al – 3 C. S - 4

B. Br – 7 D. Sr – 2

3. A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of

different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n)
A. dipole C. Lewis structure
B. chemical bond D. London force

4. The electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called

A. dipoles C. Lewis electrons
B. s electrons D. valence electrons

5. A chemical bond resulting from the electrostatic attraction between positive

and negative ions is called a(n)
A. covalent bond. C. charged bond.
B. ionic bond. D. dipole bond.
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

DIRECTION: Answer the following questions based on this illustration.

1. Which element is a metal?
2. Which element is a nonmetal?
3. What is the valence electron of metallic element?
4. What is the valence electron of nonmetallic element?
5. What is the ionic charge of the metallic element?
6. What is the ionic charge of the nonmetallic element?
7. Which element will become the cation?
8. Which element will become the anion?
9.

Great, you finished answering the questions. You

may request your facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Octet/Duet Rule

The chemical properties of atoms primarily depend on their valence
configuration. They seem to have a tendency to be noble-gas-like meaning
losing, gaining, or sharing electrons so that they end up being surrounded by
the same number of valence electrons as noble gas atoms (8, except He which
has 2).
The tendency of atoms in a molecule to have eight electrons in their outer shell
(two for hydrogen) is called the octet/duet rule.
Lewis Symbols
A Lewis symbol is a symbol in which the electrons in the valence shell of an
atom or ion are represented by dots placed around the letter symbol of the
element.
– Electrons are place singly on each side before they are paired.
– Note that the group number on the traditional periodic table indicates
the number of valence electrons.

Lewis Symbols for Ions

For ions, dots are added or taken away depending on the charge, square
brackets are drawn, and the charge is indicated in the upper right-hand corner.

The magnesium atom has two valence electrons; its Lewis symbol has two dots.
Naturally occurring magnesium ion has a charge of +2; this means two fewer
electrons compared to a magnesium atom. Lewis symbol for magnesium ion has
no dots and a +2 charge.

The fluorine atom has seven valence electrons; its Lewis symbol has seven dots.
Naturally-occurring fluoride ion has a charge of -1; this means one additional
electron compared to a fluorine atom. Lewis symbol for fluoride ion has 8 dots
and a -1 charge.

By following the octet/duet rule, we can say that the atoms end up as
ions with a noble-gas-like configuration, or as being isoelectronic with a
noble gas.
 A Lewis electron-dot formula is an illustration used to represent the
transfer of electrons during the formation of an ionic bond.
There is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the
nonmetal giving each species a complete octet. An ionic bond
involves the attraction of oppositely charged ions for each other.
As an example, let’s look at the transfer of electrons from
magnesium to fluorine to form magnesium fluoride.
The magnesium has two electrons to give, whereas the fluorine has only
one “vacancy” each.

Consequently, magnesium can

accommodate two fluorine
atoms.

As metals lose electrons to form cations and establish a “noble gas” configuration
(octet), the electrons are lost from the valence shell first.

Transition metals also lose electrons from the valence shell first, which is
not the last subshell to fill according to the Aufbau sequence
– For example, zinc generally loses two electrons from its 4s
subshell to adopt a “pseudo”-noble gas configuration.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Writing Lewis Electron Dot Structure

I. OBJECTIVE:

1. Draw Lewis dot structures for ionically bonded compounds.

2. Explain the formation of ions as an atom transfers electron to another atom.

II. MATERIALS:
Pencil
Coloring pencil or marker
III. PROCEDURES:

Notes:
Lewis structure is a visual representation of how the atoms in a
– molecule or polyatomic ion are sharing valence electrons.
– Draw the dots singly first in the four corners of the symbol if there are
more than four electrons pair it up with the pre drawn dot.
– A line is equivalent to two dots.
– Lines or dots drawn between symbols of two atoms represent valence
electrons shared by the two atoms (bonding pair). For polyatomic ions,
the Lewis structure must be enclosed in square brackets with the
charge of the ion as a superscript. To write LEDS,
1. Count the number of valence electron.
2. Draw dots in the 4 corners of the symbol corresponding to the number of
valence electron.
3. Fill-in the data table below.
4.
 Use the guide in writing the Lewis Electron Dot Structure for the following
element combination.
1. Water (H2O)

2. Ammonia (NH3)

3. Oxygen gas (O2)

IV. GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Why is it necessary to count the valence electron of an atom in writing the

Lewis Electron Dot Structure of an element?

2. Why do metals lose electron when it combines with other elements?

3. Why do nonmetals tend to gain electrons and become in isoelectronic with

noble gases?
REMEMBER
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Write the Lewis Electron Dot Structure of the following Elements and
combination of Elements.
1. Potassium 6. Sodium and Chlorine
2. Calcium 7. Magnesium and Iodine
3. Aluminum 8. Potassium and Carbon
4. Carbon 9. Barium and Fluorine
5. Nitrogen 10. Lithium and Oxygen

POST TEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is a correct Lewis structure for carbon dioxide, CO2?

A. C.

B. D.
2.Which of the following pairs of elements and valence electrons is incorrect?
A. Al – 3 C. S - 4

B. Br – 7 D. Sr – 2

3. A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of

different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n)
A. dipole C. Lewis structure
B. chemical bond D. London force

4. The electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called

A. dipoles C. Lewis electrons
B. s electrons D. valence electrons

5. A chemical bond resulting from the electrostatic attraction between positive

and negative ions is called a(n)
A. covalent bond. C. charged bond.
B. ionic bond. D. dipole bond.
 Lesson 4: Chemical Formula of
Ionic Compounds

EXPECTATIONS
0
You will write chemical formula of ionic compounds based on the
charges of ions.

Specifically, this module will help you to

• determine the ionic charges of cations and anions

• combine elements to form ionic compounds
• write the formula of ionic compounds

Let us start your journey in learning more on

Quantum numbers. I am sure you are ready and
excited to answer the Pretest. Let’s get going!
PRETEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Oxygen forms an ion with a charge of
A. -2 B. 2+ C. -3 D. 3+
2. Predict the charge of the most stable ion of Phosphorus.
A. 2+ B. -3 C. 3+ D. -1
3. Predict the formula of the ionic compound that forms from Aluminum
and Oxygen.
A. AlO B. Al3O2 C. Al2O3 D. AlO2
4. Ionic solids tend to
A. do not conduct electricity
B. conduct electricity when dissolved in water
C. conduct electricity when melted
D. all of the above
5. Elements in Group 17 tend to form
A. +1 ions
B. +2 ions
C. -1 ions
D. -2 ions
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Direction:
1. Predict the two compounds formed
from Lewis Electron Dot Diagram in
the picture.
2. What is the central atom in each
compound?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Ions, Ionic bond and Formula Writing of Ionic Compound

Ionic bonds are attractions between oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms
where electrons are donated and accepted.

Some atoms are more stable when they gain or lose an electron (or possibly
two) and form ions. This results in a full outermost electron shell and makes them
energetically more stable. Now, because the number of electrons does not equal
the number of protons, each ion has a net charge. Cations are positive ions that
are formed by losing electrons (as the number of protons is now greater than the
number of electrons). Negative ions are formed by gaining electrons and are called
anions (wherein there are more electrons than protons in a molecule). This
movement of electrons from one element to another is referred to as electron
transfer.

In this example, sodium will donate its one electron to empty its shell, and
chlorine will accept that electron to fill its shell. Both ions now satisfy the octet
rule and have complete outer shells. These transactions can normally only take
place simultaneously; in order for a sodium atom to lose an electron, it must be
in the presence of a suitable recipient like a chlorine atom.

Figure: Electron Transfer Between Na and Cl: In the formation of an ionic

compound, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons to achieve an
octet. In this example, sodium loses one electron to empty its shell and chlorine
accepts that electron to fill its shell.
 At room temperature ionic compounds are hard, brittle solids that
can be crushed. In ionic crystals, every ion is attracted to other ion,
thus, ionic crystals have extremely high melting points (NaCl or salt
melts at 800 ◦C). Solutions of ionic compound can conduct
electricity.
Writing Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds

Steps to remember:
1. Get charges for the cation and anion
(look at the periodic table) cation always
comes first.
2. Balance the charges so they add up to 0
by using subscripts (cross -out method).
3. Put polyatomic in parenthesis.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1 CAN YOU COMPLETE ME?

OBJECTIVE:
1. Predict the ionic charges of the ionic compound
2. Write the formula of ionic compounds.
Direction: Complete the table below by supplying the needed data.

Example: Example:
Cation Anion Cation Anion
Barium chloride Calcium nitrate
Ba 2+ Cl- Ca 2+ NO3-
BaCl2 Ca (NO3)2
p

Ionic Cation with Anion with Combined Cation and

Formula
Compound ionic charge ionic charge Anion with ionic charge
Ex:
+1 -
Potassium K Cl K+1 Cl -
KCl
Chloride
Magnesium
oxide
Calcium
sulfide
Lithium
bromide
 Ionic Cation with Anion with Combined Cation and
Formula
Compound ionic charge ionic charge Anion with ionic charge
Ex:
+1 -
Potassium K ClO3 K+1 ClO3 -
KClO3
Chlorate
Magnesium
hydroxide
Calcium
sulfite
Barium
acetate

REMEMBER
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Write the chemical formula of the following ionic compounds.

POST TEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Oxygen forms an ion with a charge of
A-2 B. 2+ C. -3 D. 3+
2.Predict the charge of the most stable ion of Phosphorus.
A. 2+ B. -3 C. 3+ D. -1
3. Predict the formula of the ionic compound that forms from Aluminum and
Oxygen.
A. AlO B. Al3O2 C. Al2O3 D. AlO2
4.Ionic solids tend to
A. do not conduct electricity
B. conduct electricity when dissolved in water
C. conduct electricity when melted
D. all of the above
5.Elements in Group 17 tend to form
A. +1 ions B. +2 ions C. -1 ions D. -2 ions
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Directions: Write a reflective learning about the Lesson 4 by answering the

questions inside the box. You may express your answers in a more critical and
creative presentation of your learning. Have fun and enjoy!

REFERENCES

Wilbraham, Stanley, Matta (1997) Chemistry Expanded Fourth Edition Addison-

Wesley Publishing Company.
Mortimer (2008) Physical Chemistry Third Edition Elsevier Academic Press
Project EASE MODULE
https://www.slideshare.net/thelawofscience/ionic-compounds-14227889
https://www.slideshare.net/alchemist/ionic-bonding-notes?next_slideshow=1
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=qi8vhPdM&id=38DD808
1EC67517ACD20D6B
https://www.objectivequiz.com/.../chemistry/ionic-bonding-and-ionic-compounds
http://ths.sps.lane.edu/chemweb/unit9/problems/ionic/
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundl
ess)/2%3A_Chemistry/2.2%3A_Chemical_Bonds/2.2.1%3A_Ions_and_Ionic_Bonds

http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-1/Ions-and-
Ionization-How-it-works.html#ixzz6bDCrk5NU
http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-1/Ions-and-
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