Band-notched UWB planar sions of 1
16 mm with the tilted angle of 21 .

They play a role as

monopole antenna with
two parasitic patches
K.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Cho, S.-H. Hwang and S.-O. Park
A novel ultra-wideband antenna with band elimination characteristic is
presented, which has omnidirectional patterns in the E-plane and
impedance bandwidth of about 3–18 GHz with VSWR below 2.
The proposed antenna is fed by microstrip line, and consists of the
monopole type with two parasitism-patches rejecting 5.15–5.825 GHz
bandlimited by IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN=2.
filters to reject the limited band, 5.15–5.825 GHz. Fig. 2 shows the
measured VSWR results for the proposed antenna in terms of
different lengths L of parasitic patches. For L ¼ 14, 16 and 18 mm
with other dimensions fixed, their lengths correspond approximately
to a quarter-wavelength of the frequency at about 6, 5.5 and 5 GHz,
respectively. The proposed antenna was chosen with L ¼ 16 mm due
to rejecting the limited band, 5.15–5.825 GHz. At the notch
frequency, the current flows are more dominant around the parasitic
patch, and they are oppositely directed between the parasitic patch and
the radiation patch.

Introduction: Since the Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) released the bandwidth 3.1–10.6 GHz, there has been rapid
growth for broadband antenna techniques. In accordance with the
regulations released by the FCC, ultra-wideband (UWB) systems
have been collocated to the bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.
However, the use of the 5.15–5.825 GHz band is limited by IEEE
802.11a and HIPERLAN=2. Therefore, a band-rejection filter is
necessary in UWB RF front-ends, and this will provide complications
for UWB systems.
To overcome these difficulties, several antennas with bandstop
characteristic have been investigated with the utilisation of the advan-
tages of composing more simple RF front-ends [1–3]. The proposed
antenna is designed to reject the limited band by attaching two parasitic
patches to the bottom layer of the antenna. This antenna not only
satisfies all UWB bands but also rejects the limited band in order to
Fig. 3 Comparision of measured and simulated VSWR values
avoid possible interference with the existing 5.15–5.825 GHz band.
Moreover, the proposed antenna has a planar structure of small size and
omnidirectional pattern.

radiation
patch
30 r2
h

parasitic
patch
r3
L
top r1
layer

30 substrate
1
bottom step 3
layer
step 2
step 1
z
7.8
1.9
y ground
x
r4

unit: mm input w
port

Fig. 1 Geometry of proposed antenna

Fig. 2 Measured VSWR for proposed antenna in terms of L Fig. 4 Measured and simulated elevation radiation patterns
þ þ þ þ measured result
Antenna design and performance: Fig. 1 shows the geometry of the - - - - simulated result
a 3 GHz b 8 GHz c 12 GHz
proposed planar monopole antenna. This antenna is printed on an FR4
substrate with thickness of 1 mm and relative permittivity of 4.6. The
antenna size is 30
30 mm and has the feeding structure of a 50 O The optimised parameters are as follows: step 1 ¼ 0.5
0.5 mm,
microstrip line. The physical structure of the stair case and ball shape step 2 ¼ 0.5
0.75 mm, step 3 ¼ 0.75
0.75 mm, r1 ¼ 21 , r2 ¼ 3 mm
are adapted to increase the effective electrical length at the lower radius, r3 ¼ 14 mm radius, r4 ¼ 6.5 mm radius, h ¼ 21 mm, and
frequency band (3–4 GHz). Two parasitic patches have the dimen- w ¼ 15 mm. By continuously adjusting these parameters, it is possible

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 7th July 2005 Vol. 41 No. 14

to tune the impedance matching level. Note that the design dimensions
of the proposed antenna are obtained using CST Microwave Studio. To
design the UWB antenna, we have applied four techniques to the
proposed antenna: the use of the arch shape, three steps, a partial
ground and parasitic patches. As a result, the proposed antenna exhibits
much broader bandwidth (about 3–18 GHz) than those of the refer-
enced antennas [1–3].
Results: The measurement was performed with an HP8722D network
analyser and simulation was performed with CST Microwave Studio.
The measured and simulated results of the VSWR for the optimised
dimensions are shown in Fig. 3. It is apparent that the proposed
antenna can satisfy the UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz) for VSWR < 2
while rejecting the 5.1–6 GHz band. By attaching two parasitic
patches, it is clearly observed that the proposed antenna not only
has the notched band, but also more improved bandwidth at the low-
frequency region (about 3–4 GHz).
The measured and simulated radiation patterns in the E-plane are
shown in Fig. 4. The measured and simulated results have good
agreement with each other. As shown in Fig. 4, the radiation patterns
are approximately omnidirectional. Fig. 5 shows the measured gains
of the proposed antenna with and without the parasitic patches. A
three-antenna technique is used to measure the radiation gain. A sharp
decrease of antenna gain in the notched frequency band at 5.5 GHz can
be observed.
Fig. 5 Measured gains of proposed antenna with and without parasitic
patches
ELECTRONICS LETTERS 7th July 2005 Vol. 41 No. 14
Conclusions: A band-notched UWB planar monopole antenna with
parasitic patches for achieving the band-rejected characteristic has
been proposed and implemented. The proposed antenna indicates not
only a broad impedance bandwidth but also a good radiation perfor-
mance while retaining the small volume of 30
30
1 mm. These
features are very attractive for UWB applications.
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Research
Laboratory (NRL) of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea,
under contract no. M1-0203-0015.
# IEE 2005 11 April 2005
Electronics Letters online no: 20051090
doi: 10.1049/el:20051090
K.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Cho, S.-H. Hwang and S.-O. Park (School of
Engineering, Information and Communications University, Daejeon,
Korea)
E-mail: kkh8166@icu.ac.kr
References
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having frequency band notch function’, Electron. Lett., 2004, 40, (7),
pp. 403–405
2 Su, S.W., Wong, K.L., and Tang, C.L.: ‘Band-notched ultra-wideband
planar-monopole antenna’, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 2005, 44, (3),
pp. 217–219
3 Qiu, J., Du, Z., Lu, J., and Gong, Ke.: ‘A band-notched UWB antenna’,
Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 2005, 45, (2), pp. 152–154