I.

Kkompiuteri da informacia

kompiuteri - es aris eleqtronuli gamomTvleli manqana (e.g.m.) romelsac SeuZlia

garkveuli raodenobisa da saxis informaciis Senaxa – gadamuSaveba.
informacia – es aris yvelaferi is rasac adamiani aRiqvams Tavisi grZnobaTa organoebis
meSveobiT.
Kkompiuters SeuZlia sami saxis informaciis Senaxva – gadamuSaveba:

1) teqsturi
2) grafikuli
3) audio

teqsturi informacia Sedgaba sxvadasxva teqsturi simboloebisagan (asoebis, cifrebis da

sxvadasxva specialuri niSnebisagan). is Seiyvaneba kompiuterSi klaviaturidan. Ees SeiZleba
iyos sxvadasva enaze dawerili teqstebi.
Ggrafikul informacias miekuTvneba yovelgvari naxazebi, naxatebi fotosuraTebi,
moZravi suraTebi, multfilmebi da videofilmebi.
Aaudio informacias ganekuTvneba xmovani efeqtebi da musikaluri kompoziciebi.

informacias iseve rogorc sxva romelime sidides gaaCnia zoma. informeciis umciresi sazomi
erTeulia biti. rva biti udris erT baits. erTi baiti aris erTi teqsturi simbolo. arsebobs aseve ufro
didi erTeulebi: kilobaiti, megabaiti da gigabaiti.

1 kilobaiti = 1024 baits

1 megabaiti = 1024 kilobaits
1 gigabaiti = 1024 megabaits

daaxloebiT:

1 kilobaiti aris 1000 baiti

1 megabaiti = 1 000 000 baiti
1 gigabaiti = 1 000 000 000 baiti

II. kompiuteris ZiriTadi mowyobilobebi

kompiuteri Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi mowyobilobebisagan:

1. sistemuri bloki
 2. monitori
3. klaviatura
4. mausi
5. mudmivi kvebis wyaro (UPS)
6. printeri
7. skaneri
8. modemi
9. videoTvali
10.dinamikebi
11.mikrofoni
12.fleS-mexsiereba
13.lazeruli da magnituri diskebi

sistemuri bloki _ aris kompiuteris mTavari mowyobiloba, yvela danarCeni mowyobiloba

masTan aris mierTebuli da mis mier imarTeba. swored sistemuri bloki gansazRvravs
kompiuteris simZlavres.

sistemuri bloki mravali nawilisagan Sedgeba. ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani:

 korpusi (keisi) da kvebis wyaro
 sistemuri (deda) plata
 procesori
 vinCesteri
 operatioli mexsiereba
 sxvadasxva diskis wamkiTxavi mowyobilobebi
 videoadapteri
 xmis plata(saundkarta)
 qselis plata

korpusi - sistemuri blokis yuTs, romelSic ganlagebulia yvela misi Semadgeneli plata da
mowyobiloba keisi anu korousi ewodeba. sistemuri blokis keisSi ganlagebulia kvebis wyaro,
romelic awvdis dens masSi ganlagebul yvela funqcionalur bloks. misi SerCevisis unda
davakvirdeT ara marto mis dizains, aramed masalasac romlisagan is aris damzadebuli. keisi
SeiZleba iyos horizontaluri an vertikaluri. Tanamerove kompiuterebis umravlesobas aqvs
vertikaluri keisi.
sistemuri plata – aris sistemuri blokis mTavari plata, romelic gansazRvravs mis
potencionalur SesaZleblobebs. is uzrunvelyofs kompiuteris yvela mowyobilobebis
urTierTqmedemas.
sistemur plataze rogorc wesi ganlagebulia: mikroprocesori, sistemuri logikis
elementebi(Cipsetebi), Setana/gamotanis bazuri sistema (Basic Input/Output System BIOS),
operatiuli mexsiereba, gare damamaxsovrebeli mowyobilobebis SesaerTebeli -------,
mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri portebi, gafarTovebis slotebi da kontroliorebi. sistemuri platebi
arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis: ATX, miniATX, microATX da flexATX. kontroliorebi
sxvadasxva periferiul mowobilobabTan urTierTqmedebis saSualebas iZleva, rogoric aris:
mausi, monitori, printeri, skaneri, diskmmarTvelebi da sxva. xolo gafarToebis Sinebi,
sistemur blokSi damatebiTi mowyobilobebis (platebis) Cayenebis saSualebas gvaZlevs.

procesori – aris kompiuteris ,,tvini”. is asrulebs yvela im brZanebas, romelsac adamiani-

operatori aZlevs kompiuters. procesoris ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia misi siswrafe, romelic
izomeba hercebSi. erTi herci aris erTi Sesrulebuli operacia wamSi. Tanamedrove
kompiuterebi asruleben ramodenime miliard operacias wamSi. Pentium IV tipis kompiuterebis
siswrafe aris 1,7-dan 3,5
miliard hercamde (1,7 – 3,5Ggigaherci).
1 miliardi herci = 1 gigahercs

dReisaTvis procesorebis warmoebaSi liderobs ori kompania: Intel Corporation da Advanced

Micro Devices(AMD). kompania Intel-is procesorebidan bolo modelebia Pentium 4 da
Celeron-i. xolo AMD kompaniis – Athlon XP, Atlon 64, Duron da Sempron-i. serverebSi
da mZlavr kompiuterebSi gamoiyeneba: Pentium 4, Athlon XP da Atlon 64. danarCeni ki ufro
iaffasian kompiuterebSi.

vinCesteri – aris kompiuteris ZiriTadi mexsiereba, zustad masSi aris Cawerili mTeli is
informacia, romelic inaxeba kompiuterSi. is xasiaTdeba didi tevadobiT, gansxvavebiT sxva
tipis mexsierebebisagan. vinCesteris tevadoba ganisazRvreba ramodenime gigabaitidan –
aTeulobiT gigabaitamde.

operatiuli mexsiereba – aris mikrosqema. gansxvavebiT vinCesterisagan masSi arsebuli

informacia iSleba kompiuteris gamorTvis SemTxvevaSi. radganac is bevrad ufro swrafia
vinCesterze, kompiuterTan muSaobis dros is programebi, romlebTanac Cven vmuSaobT
vinCesteridan itvirTeba operatiul mexsierebaSi da procesori aqedan amoikiTxavs saWiro
informacias. es garemoeba aZlevs kompiuters swrafi muSaobis saSualebas.

DdiskmmarTvelebi da diskebi
vinCesteris garda informaciis Senaxva aseve SeiZleba sxadasxva saxis diskebze. yoveli saxis
disks gaaCnia wamkiTxavi mowyobiloba anu diskdraiveri, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas
amovikiTxoT am diskze Cawerili informacia. diskebi ZiriTadad arsebobs ori saxis: 1.
magnituri da lazeruli. 3,5 duimian magnitur disks ewoneba – Floppy diski. misi wamkiTxavi
mowyoboloba aRiniSneba A: simboloTi. am diskis tevadoba aris 1,44MB. arsebobs aseve
lazeruli diskebi CD (Compact Disk), romlis tevadoba aris 700MB. da DVD(Digital Video
Disk) diskebi romelTa tevadoba aris 4-dan 10 gigabaitamde. is aRiniSneba D: an E:
simboloTi

videoadapteri – gamoiyeneba videoinformaciis damuSavebisa da misi ekranze

gamotanisaTvis. is axdens videosignalis formirebas. nebismieri Tanamedrove videoadapteri,
romelsac gaaCnia analoguri gamosasvleli monitoris SesaerTeblad, gaaCnia: grafikuli
procesori(GPU), lokaluri videomexsiereba da mikrosqema RAMDAC (cifrul-analoguri
gardamqmneli).
 grafikuli procesori warmoadgens videoadapteris ZiriTad nawils. is axdens videosignalis
formirebas, romelic monitoerze gamoiyvaneba.
 videomexsiereba aris videoadapteris mexsiereba, romelic gamoiyeneba monitorze
gamosatani grafikuli informaciis droebiTi SenaxvisaTvis.
 mikrosqema RAMDAC – gamoiyenama cifruli signalis analogur grafikul signalad
gardaqmnisaTvis, romelic miewodeba eleqtronul-sxivur milakian monitorebze.

saundkarta – praqtikulad yvela Tanamerove kompiuteris meSveobiT SegviZlia movisminoT

an CavweroT xma da musikaluri kompoziciebi. mowyobilobas romelic amis saSualebas
gvaZlevs saundkarta ewodeba(SoundCard), is ganlagebulia sistemur blokSi. saudkarta anu
xmis karta xasiaTdeba Semdegi parametrebiT:
 Tanrigi – dReisaTvis arsebuli saundkartebi 8, 16 da 24 bitian musikasTan
muSaobis saSualebas gvaZlevs.
 diskreticaziis xarisxi – am maCveneblis sidide, rogorc wesi minimum orjer unda
aRematebodes audiosignalis maqsimalur sixSires. Tanamedrove saundkartebSi am
sididis mniSvneloba meryeobs 8-dan 48 kilohercamde. xolo ZviradRirebul kartebSi
192 kilohercsac ki aRwevs.
 signali / xmauris fardoba – gviCvenebs Tu ramdenjer metia signalis xmis done,
saundkartaSi warmoqmnili sxvadasxva xmauris doneze.

qselis plata – aris mowyobiloba romelic amyarebs kavSirs sxva kompiuterebTan da periferiul
mowyobilobebTan, romlebic mierTebulia lokalur anu adgilobriv qselTan. am qselis
saSualebiT xdeba informaciis gacvla sxvadasxva kompiuters Soris. qselis kartis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTebelia - monacemTa gadacemis siswrefe. Tanamedrove qselis kartebs wamSi
SeuZliaT 10-dan 1000 megabitamde informaciis miReba/gadagzavna.
monitori _ aris grafikuli da teqsturi informaciis gamotanis mowyobiloba. dResisaTvis
moxmarebaSi aris mxolod feradi monitorebi, Tumca adre monitorebi iyo Sav-TeTri. aseve
ganasxvaveben Cveulebriv da brtyeli ekranis mqone monitorebs. brtyeli ekranis mqone
monitorebia Cvenebis xarisxiT jobs Cveulebrivs, radganac naklebad amaxinjebs
gamosaxulebas. aseve monitorebi gansxvavdeba zomiTac. yvelaze xSirad SevxvdebiT: 15, 17
da 19 duimis diagonalis mqone monitorebs. magram monitoris xarisxis mTavari maCvenebeli
aris mis ekranze ganlagebuli mnaTi wertilebis raodenoba, anu piqselebis(Picel) raodenoba. rac
metia wertilebi, miT metia gamosaxulebis xarisxi.
teqnologiurad monitorebi SeiZleba iyos eleqtronul-sxivur milakze an Txevad kristalebze.
ukanaskneli SedarebiT ufro Zviri Rirs.

klaviatura _ aris teqsturi informaciis Setanis mowyobiloba. misi meSveobiT Cven agreTve
SegviZlia kompiuters mivceT brZanebebi, magram am mizniT dReisaTvis ufro xSirad
gamoiyeneba mausi. is bevrad ufro mosaxerxebelia. klaviaturaze Cven gvaqvs ramodenime
saxis klaviSebi:

1. funqcionaluri (F1,F2 F3,…F12)

2. alfabitur _ cifruli (maTi saSualebiT xdeba terqstis Seyvana)
3. specialuri daniSnulebis klaviSebi (romlebic sxvadasxva klaviSebTan kombinirebiT
sxvadasxva brZanebebs asruleben)
4. kursoris gadasaadgilebeli klaviSebi (isriani klaviSebi)

mausi – aris mowyobiloba romlis saSualebiTac Cven SegviZlia kompiuters mivceT

sxvadasxva brZanebebi. mauss gaaCnia ori ZiriTadi Rilaki marcxena da marJvena.
marcxena Rilaki aris ZiriTadi, misi meSveobiT Cven SegviZlia obieqtebis moniSvna da
gaxsna. marjvena Rilakze daWeris dris gamodis konteqsturi meniu romelSic aris ZiriTadi
brZanebebis CamonaTvali, romlebic SeiZleba gamoviyenoT obieqtebTan muSaobis dros.
monitoris ekranze ganlagebulia mausis kursori romelic gadaadgildeba mausTan erTad.

mudmivi kvebis wyaro (UPS) – misi saSualebiT kompiuters miewodeba stabiluri deni,
xolo denis wasvlis SemTxvevaSi is ramodenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs dens. es
dro sakmarisia imisaTvis rom Cven davamTavroT muSaoba da gavTiSoT kompiuteri.

modemi – aris mowobiloba romlis daxmarebiT SegviZlia informaciis gacvla sxva

kompiuterebTan kavSiris arxis saSualebiT. misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia monacemTa
gadacemis siCqare, romelic izomeba kilobit/wamebSi. modemi arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis:

 telefonis xazis modemebi

 xDSL-modemebi
 kabeluri modemebi
 ISDN-modemebi
 radiomodemebi
 Tanamgzavruli modemebi

printeri – gamoiyeneba teqsturi da grafikuli informaciis amosabeWdad (dokumentebi,

naxazebi, naxatebi, suraTebi). is SeiZleba iyos SavTeTri an feradi. SavTeTri printeri
ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba ofisis dokumentebis, xolo feradi suraTebis sabeWdad.
printeri SeiZleba iyos Wavluri an lazeruli an matriculi.
 Wavluri printerebi yvelaze popularulia dReisaTvis. misi gamoyeneba saxlis
pirobebSi yvelaze mosaxerxebelia. is gveZlevs saSualebas vbeWdoT rogorc Sav-
TeTri dokumentebi, aseve feradi fotosuraTebi. Tu gamoviyenebT specialur
fotoqaRalds, suraTebis xarisxi sakmaod maRali gamodis.
 Tu Cven printeri gvWirdeba mxolod Sav-TeTri dokumentebis sabeWdad, maSin
ufro ekonomiuria Sav-TeTri lazeruli printeris gamoyeneba. misi beWdvis xarisxi da
siswrefe ukeTesia Wavlurze, magram feradi lazeruli Zalian ZviradRirebulia.
 matricul printers dRes iSviaTad SevxvdebiT. is ZiriTadad gamoiyeneboda Sav-
TeTri blankebis sabeWdad. misi uaryofiTi mxarea beWdvis dabali xarisxi da
siswrefe. dadebiTi – ekonomiuroba. aseve qaRaldis xarisxis mimarT naklebi
pretenziuloba.
 skaneri – aris mowyobiloba romlis saSualebiT SegviZlia grapikuli da teqsuri informaciis
Seyvana kompiuterSi.

videoTvali – gvaZlevs saSualebas CavweroT videokadrebi kompiuterSi, agreTve internetSi

videokonferenciebisa da videokavSirebis Casatareblad.

dinamikebis saSualebiT SegviZlia movisminoT musika, romelic Cawerilia kompiuterSi an

diskze.

mxmis Casawerad gamoiyeneba mikrofoni, romelic aseve SegviZlia mivaerTod sistemur

blokTan.
arsebobs sxva mowyobilobebic, magram isini praqtikaSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba.

failebi da folderebi

rogorc viciT, informacia izomeba bitebSi da baitebSi. magram, rogorc wesi, kompiuterTan
muSaobis dros, informaciis umciresi erTeuli, romelTanac Cven gveqneba Sexeba – faili
ewodeba. failis da folderis cneba erT-erTi mTavaria nebismier kompiuterul sistemaSi.
faili – aris iformaciis struqturuli erTeuli, romelsac gaaCnia saxeli, zoma da misamarTi,
romelic gansazRvravs mis mdebareobas fizikur diskze. kompiuterSi arsebuli mTeli informacia
inaxeba failebSi. failebSi inaxeba rogor sistemuri da samomxmareblo programebi(operaciuli
sistema, draiverebi, utilitebi, teqsturi redaqtorebi da sxva saofise programebi, TamaSebi),
aseve am programebSi Seqmnili dokumentebi. failebi inaxeba kompiuteris vinCesterze an
informaciis sxva nebismier matarebelze(lazeruli diski, magnituri disketa, fleS-mexsiereba da
sxva). nebismier fails gaaCnia saxeli, romlis gareSedac SeuZlebeli iqneboda misi moZebna.
failis saxeli Sedgeba ori nawilisagan, romlebic erTmaneTisagan wertiliT aris gamoyofili.
pirveli nawilia saxeldobr failis saxeli, xolo meore – failis gafarToeba. failis meore nawili
SesaZlebelia saerTod ar Candes. failis saxeli SeiZleba Seicavdes cifrebs, laTinur da rusul
asoebs da sxva simboloebs garda Semdegi niSnebisa ?, :, *, /, \, |, <, > . did da patara asoebs
operaciuli sistema erTnairad aRiqvams. e.i. saxeli MyPhoto.jpg da myphoto.jpg erTidaigive
failis saxelia. failis gafarToveba mianiSnebs am failis tips. qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva
tipis failebis gafarTovebebi:

.doc, .txt, .xls – teqsturi failebi da dokumentebi

.jpg, .bmp, .gif, .ico – grafikuli(suraTebi da naxatebi) failebi
.wav, .mp3, .wma, .mid – audiofailebi
.mpg, dat, .avi, mov, .vob, .wmv , .asf, .divX, .3gp– videofailebi
.htm – internet gverdebi
.com, .sys, .exe – sistemuri da Sesrulebadi failebi

imisaTvis, rom advilad mivagnoT kompiuterSi Caweril informacias, anu sxvadasxva tipis
failebs, xSirad gviwevs maTi dajgufeba. erTi tipis failebs xSirad Caweren erTidaimave
folderSi, romelsac Sesabamis saxels mianiWeben. folderi (Folder) inglisuri sityvaa da
qarTulad saqaRaldes niSnacs. sxvagvarad kidev mas papkas (Папка) uwodeben.
magaliTisaTvis, Tu Cven kompiuterSi gvaqvs Cawerili sxvadasxva stilis musikaluri
kompoziciebi, Cven SegviZlia SevqmnaT folderi saxelwodeboT – MUSIC da yvela
musikaluri kompozicia CavweroT am folderSi. amis Semdeg Cven gvecodineba, rom
imisaTvis rom movisminoT romelime maTgani, aucileblad unda SevideT am folderSi da
CavrToT CvenTvis sasurveli simRera. Sesabamisad kinofilmebi SegviZlia CavweroT
folderSi, romelsac davarqmevT Video-s an Kino-s. da ase Semdeg.

III. kompiuteris programuli uzrunvelyofa

kompiuters ar SeuZlia imuSaos programuli uzrunvelyofis gareSe (SoftWare). imisaTvis
rom is ,,gacocxldes” saWiroa sxvadasxvagvari programebis erToblioba. kompiuterisaTvis
dawerilia mravali programa, romlebic daniSnulebis mixedviT SegviZlia davyoT sam ZiriTad
nawilad:

1. sistemuri programebi
2. samomxmareblo (gamoyenebiTi) programebi anu danarTebi
3. daprogramebis sistemebi

sistemuri uzrunvelyofa Sedgeba operaciuli sistemisa da kontrolis da diagnostikis

saSualebebisagan.

operaciuli sistema Seadgens kompiuteris programuli uzrunvelyofis safuZvels.

is aris programaTa erToblioba, romelic uzrunvelyofs informaciis damuSavebis procesis
marTvas da amartivebs momxmareblis urTierTobas kompiuteris aparatul nawilTan. is
agreTve Seicavs sistemur programebs: draiverebs, utilitebs da programul garsebs.

programuli uzrunvelyofa

sistemuri daprogramebis samomxmareblo

uzrunvelyofa sistemebi programebi

daprogramebis
operaciuli enebi samomx. samomxma
sistemebi program- reblo
uli programebi
paketebi
translatorebi
kontrolisa da
diagnostikis
saSualebebi integrirebuli
gamoyenebiTi
programebi
draiverebi – aris programebi romlebic uzrunvelyofen operaciuli sistemisa da kompiuteris
gare mowyobilobebis urTierTqmedebas. (es mowyobilobebia: printeri, skaneri, klaviatura,
mausi, diskmarTvelebi da a.S.)

utilitebi – es aris damxmare programebi, romlebic afarToebs operaciuli sistebis

SesaZleblobebs. (arqivatorebi, rusifikatorebi, antivirusuli programebi da a.S.)

kontrolisa da diagnostikis sistemebi – gankuTvnilia personaluri kompiuteris komponentebis

muSaobis SemowmebisaTvis. is avtomaturad gamoavlens dazianebebs da acnobebs amis
Sesaxeb momxamrebels.

daprogramebis ena – es aris xelovnurad Seqmnili ena, romlebic gankuTvnilia svadasxva

saxis kompiuteruli programebis Sesaqmnelad. isini gamoiyeneba monacemTa damuSavebis
algoriTmebis aRsawerad. dResdReobiT msoflioSi 4000-ze meti ena arsebobs, magram
maTgan farTo gavrceleba ramodenime gamoiyeneba. esenia C, C++, Pascal, Delfi, Visual
Basic, Java..
kompiuterul programebs – programistebi qmnian.
daprogramebis sistemebi – aris daprogramebis enaTa da translatorebis erToblioba. maTi
saSualebiT SesaZlebelia rogorc sistemuri, aseve gamoyenebiTi programebis Seqmna.

programa - es aris brZanebaTa erToblioba dawerili garkveuli sintaqsis normebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. misi saSualebiT imarTeba kompiuteri.
programa iwereba simbolur enaze, romelic miaxloebulia inglisur enasTan. magram imisaTvis
rom kompiuterma is aRiqvas, saWiroa misi Targmna manqanur kodebSi. amisaTvis
gamoiyeneba Translatorebi. translators sombolur enaze dawerili programa gadahyavs
manqanur kodSi, romelic gasagebia kompiuterisaTvis.
translatorebi arsebobs ori saxis: kompilatorebi da interpretatorebi.
gamoyenebiTi (samomxmareblo) programebi – aris iseTi programebi romlebic Seqmnilia
specialurad kompiuteris momxmareblebisaTvis. isini gvexmareba Cven sxvadasxva saxis
informaciis advilad damuSavebisaTvis.

IV. operaciuli sistema Windows – is samuSao garemo

 samuSao magida

operaciuli sistemis CatvirTvis Semdeg monitoris ekranze Cven davinaxavT egreT wodebul
samuSao magidas (Desktop). is Sedgaba Semdegi nawilebisagan:

 foni an fonuri naxati

 sistemuri niSnebi da samomxmareblo programebis iarliyebi
 Window – is mTavari meniu Start-i
 swrafi gaSvebis paneli
 davalebaTa zoli
 mdgomareobis zoli

fonuri naxati aris is naxati romelsac Cven vxedavT ekranze operaciuli sistemis CatvirTvis
Semdeg. Cven is SegviZlia vcvaloT Cveni gemovnebis mixedviT.

sistemuri piqtogramebi – iarliyebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebsac momxmarebeli ganalagebs

samuSao magidaze Tavisi saWiroebis mixedviT. sistemuri niSnebi ganlagdeba samuSao
magidaze saoperacio sistemis dayenebis Semdeg.

iarliyebis saSualebiT SegviZlia gamoviZaxoT (masze mausis marcxena Rilakis orjer

dawkapunebiT) sxvadasxva sistemuri an samomxmareblo programebi. iSviaTad samuSao
magidaze SeiZleba ganlagebuli iyos failebi an folderebi.

mTavari menius saSualebiT Cven SegviZlia gavuSvaT sxvadasxva programa, davaTvalieroT

an movZebnoT komiuterSi myofi informacia da mravali sxva.

swrafi gaSvebis panelSi aseve moTavsebulia sxvadasxva programebis iarliyebi, romlebic

SeiZleba iyos an ara samuSao magidaze.

davalebaTa zolSi Cakecilia is programebi romlebic gaSvebulia Cvens mier. anu romlebTanac
Cven vmuSaobT mocemul momentSi.

mdgomareobis zoli gviCvenebs kompiuterSi mimdinare procesebs da mis mdgomareobas

mocemul momentSi. misi ZiriTadi elementebia: sistemuri saaTi, romlis maCvenebelze orjer
dawkapunebiT gamodis fanjara romelSic asaxulia zusti dro da kalendari. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi Cven SegviZlia vcvaloT is.
aqve moTavsebulia enebis gadamrTveli. Tu Cven kompiuterze dayenebuli gvaqvs
ramodenime ena (mag. inglisuri da rusuli) misi saSualebiT SegviZlia vcvaloT isini. aseve aq
aris xmis maregulireblis niSanic. misi saSualebiT SegviZlia xmis awev-daweva, da sxva.

My Computer(Мой Компьютер) – aris mTavari sistemuri piqtograma, romelic ganlagebulia

samuSao magidaze(zogjer meniuSi). misi daxmarebiT Cven advilad SegviZlia amovikiTxod
kompiuterSi Cawerili nebismieri informacia. iqneba is Cawerili kompiuteris ZiriTad
mexsierebaSi, Tu informaciis sxva romelime matarebelze (kompakt-diski, flopi-diski, flaS-
mexsiereba da sxva). misi daxmarebiT Cven SegviZlia ,,vimogzauroT” kompiuteris
mexsierebaSi, rasac navigacia ewodeba.

Recycle Bin (Корзина) – masSi droebiT inaxeba is failebi, romlebic Cven amovSaleT
kompiuteris mexsierebidan. misi daxmarebiT Cven SegviZlia aRvadginoT es failebi, anu
davabrunoT Tavis pirvandel misamarTze.
imisaTvis, rom aRvadginoT sanagve yuTSi myofi faili, unda davawkapunoT

fanjrebi da maTi marTva

sistema Windows-saTvis Seqmnili yvela programa ixsneba marTkuTxa CarCoSi, romelsac

pirobiTad fanjrebs vuwodebT. praqtikulad yvela fanjaras gaaCnia Semdegi elementebi:

 saTauris zoli
 menius zoli
 xelsawyoTa zoli
  samisamarTo zoli
 samuSao are
 fanjris CarCo anu sazRvrebi

saTauris zolSi mocemulia im programis an obieqtis saxeli romelic gvaqvs gaxsnili. mis
marjvena kideSi ganlagebulia sami patara Rilaki.Ppirvelis daxmarebiT xdeba fanjris Caxurva
davalebaTa zolSi. meore – Slis fanjaras mTels ekranze, xolo meored dawkapunebiT abrunebs
sawyis mdgomareobaSi. mesame Rilakis saSualebiT xdeba mocemuli fanjris daxurva.

menius zolSi ganlagebulia sxvadasxva punqtebi. am punqtebSi ki sxadasxva brZanebebi. is

ZiriTadi brZanebebi, romelTac Cven yvelaze xSirad viyenebT ganlagebulia xelsawyoTa
zolSi.
samisamarTo zoli GviCvenebs im obieqtis adgilmdebareobas anu misamarTs kompiuterSi,
romelTanac Cven vmuSaobT mocemul momentSi. magaliTisaTvis Tu samisamarTo zolSi
Cawerilia:
D:\Music\anastacia.mp3
es niSnavs, rom audiofaili Anastacia.mp3 ganlagebulia viCesteris D diskze Music folderSi.
Aqedanve Cven SegviZlia erTi diskidan meoreze swrafad gadasvla.

samuSao are es aris fanjris CarCoSi moqceuli TeTri are, romelSic ganlagebulia sxvadasxva
obieqtebi.

fanjaras gaaCnia Tavisi sazRvrebi – vertikaluri da horizontaluri, romlebic Cven saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia vcvaloT.

Windows-is mTavari meniu Start-is mTavari brZanebebi

meniu Start-is qvemo nawilSi ganlagebulia brZaneba ShutDown (Выкльючение). misi

saSualebiT xdeba kompiuteris gamorTva. meniuSi misi arCevis Semdeg gamodis modaluri
fanjara, romelSic mocemulia sami brZaneba.
1. kompiuteris gamorTva
2. kompiuteris gadatvirTva
3. kompiuteris gadayvana lodinis reJimSi

menius marcxena marcxena nawilSi ganlage-

bulia im programis gamSvebi iarliyebi, ro-
melTac Cven yvelaze xSirad viyenebT. Tu
Cven gvinda davaTvalieroT kompiuterSi in-
stalirebuli yvela programa, unda davawka-
punoT punqtze: Programs (Все программы)
aq aris ganlagebuli yvela programa, romelic
kompiuterze aris dayenebuli.
marjvena mxares ganlagebulia brZnebebi,
romlebic gvaZleven saSualebas gavxsnaT
Semdegi sistemuri folderebi:

-My Documents (Мои документы)

-My Recent Documents (Недавние документы)
-My Pictures (Мои рисунки)
-My Music (Моя музыка)
-My Computer (Мой компьютер)

am folderebis saxelebi Tavad migviniSneben

maT SigTavsze. magaliTad saqaRalde My Documents-Si ganlagebulia momxmareblis
dokumentebi, xolo My Music saqaRaldeSi Sesabamisad musika.
amas garda menius marjvena nawilSi ganlagebulia Semdegi punqtebi:

Control Panel(Панель управления) – menius am punqtis saSualebiT SegviZlia vcvaloT

kompiuiteris aparatuli da programuli nawilebis konfiguracia. am punqts Cven mogvianebiT
gavecnobiT.
Help and Support(Справка и поддержка) – es brZaneba saSualebas gvaZlevs didi
raodenobis informacia moviZioT.
Search(Поиск) – am brZanebis saSualebiT Cven SegviZlia CvenTvis saintereso informaciis
moZebna Cvens kompiuterSi, an lokalur qselSi(ra Tqma unda, Tu Cveni kompiuteri miis
Semadgeneli aris).
Run(Выполнить) – am brZanebis micemis Sedegad ekranze gamoiyvaneba fanjara,
romelSic SegviZlia CvenTvis sasurveli programis saxelis Cawera, ris Sedegad es programa
gaeSveba.
Log off(Выход из системы) – Cven viciT, rom Windows-i aris mravalmomxmarebliani
operaciuli sistema, e.i. erT kopiuters SeiZleba yavdes ramodenime momxmarebeli. am
brZanebis saSualebiT SegviZlia erTi momxmareblis samuSao seansis damTavreba da
meoreze gadarTva.
 failebTan da folderebTan muSaoba

Wndows-Si muSaobis dros Cven mogviwevs obieqtebze sxavadasxva operaciebis Sesruleba,

rogoricaa obieqtis Seqmna, saxelis darqmeva, kopireba, gadatana, moniSvna, gaxsna da sxva.
ganvixiloT es operaciebi calcalke.

obieqtis moniSvna da gaxsna

obieqtis moniSvna anu gamoyofa sxva obieqtebidan samuSao magidaze an gaxsnil fanjaraSi
xdeba masze mausis marcxena Rilakis erTxel dawkapunebiT.
Tu ramodenime obieqtis erTdroulad moniSvna gvesaWiroeba, maSin unda gamoviyenoT
klaviaturaze mdebare Ctrl - klaviSi. unda davaWiroT masze da TiTis auSveblad mausis
daxmarebiT movniSnoT saWiro obieqtebi. Tu gvesaWiroeba mezobeli obieqtebis moniSvna
maSin fanjris kuTxeSi romelSic mdebareobs pirveli mosaniSni obieqti davaWerT mausis
marcxena Rilaks da TiTis auSveblad gadavatatebT mausis kursors mosaniSn obieqtebze, ris
Semdegac auSvebT TiTs mausis marcxena Rilaks. moniSnuli obieqti muqi ferisaa sxvebTan
SedarebiT.
saqaRaldis an dokumentis gaxsnisaTvis saWiroa mausis marcxena Rilakis daxmarebiT orjer
swrafad davawkapunoT am obieqtze, an davawkapunoT obieqtze mausis marjvena RilakiT da
konteqstur meniuSi(romelic am moqmedebis SedegaT gamova) avirCioT punqti Open
(Открыть). Kkompiuteruli programebis gaSveba aseve xdeba – mausis marcxena RilakiT
maT iarliyze orjer dawkapunebiT.

axali saqaRaldis (folderis) Seqmna da saxelis darqmeva

kompiuterze muSaobis dros damamaxsovrebel mowyobilobebSi grovdeba uamravi faili.

imisaTvis, rom gagviadvildes maTTan muSaoba, maT inaxaven saqaRaldeebSi. magaliTad
videofailebi SegviZlia ganvaTavsoT erT saqaRaldeSi, romelsac SegviZlia davarqvaT Video
an Kino. TamaSebi aseve SegviZlia SevinaxoT erT saqaRaldeSi da mas Sesabamisad
SegviZlia davarqvaT Tamashebi an Games da ase Semdeg.
axali saqaRaldis Sesaqmnelad samuSao magidaze sakmaod advilia. amisaTvis cariel adgilze
davawkapunebT mausis marjvena Rilaks, ris Sedegadac gamova konteqsturi meniu masSi
avirCevT Sesabamis brZanebas:
New> Folder (Новая> Папка)

rodesac mausis pionters mimiyvanT brzaneba New-ze gamova qvemeniu, romelSic

avirCevT punqts Folder. Amis Semdeg samuSao magidaze gamoCndeba axali saqaRalde
saxeliT New Folder. Tu Cven gvinda sxva saxeli davarqvaT is unda SeviyvanoT klaviaturis
daxmarebiT. Tu gvinda ukve arsebul saqaRaldes saxeli gadavarqvaT, amisaTvis movniSnavT
mas anu davawkapunebT masze mausis marcxena Rilaks, Semdeg igive marcxena Rilaks
davawkapunebT TviT am folderis saxelze. ris Sedegad gamoCndeba mocimcime kursori.
amis Semdeg Segvyavs klaviaturis daxmarebiT axali saxeli.
Tu gvinda axali saqaRalde ukve arsebuli sxva saqaRaldeSi SevqmnaT amisaTvis unda
gavxsnaT Sesabamisi saqaRalde SevideT File meniuSi da avirCioT punqti:

New->Folder (Новая->Папка)

an saqaRaldis fanjris samuSao aris cariel adgilze davawkapunoT mausis marjvena Rilakze da
avirCioT konteqsturi menius igive brZaneba.

obieqtebis gadatana da kopireba

Tu Cven gvesaWiroeba obieqtis (failis an folderis) kopireba an gadatana viqceviT

Semdegnairad: jer unda gavxsnaT is fanjara romelSic aris ganlagebuli saWiro obieqti, unda
movniSnoT is mausis marcxena Rilakis erTi dawkapunebiT. Amis Semdeg SevdivarT meniu
Edit-Si da virCevT Sesabamis brZanebas Copy Tu gvWirdeba saqaRaldis kopireba da
Remove Tu gvinda obieqtis gadatana. Semdeg unda gavxsnaT daniSnulebis saqaRalde, anu is
saqaRalde romelSic gvinda obieqtis kopireba an gadatana. Amis Semdeg SevdivarT am
fanjris Edit meniuSi da virCevT brZanebas Paste. igive brZanebebis arCeva SeiZleba obieqtis
konteqstur meniuSi, misi gamoyeneba ufro mosaxerxebelia. Klaviaturis daxmerebiTac
SeiZleba igive brZanebebis Sesruleba, Tu gamoviyenebT Semdeg kombinaciebs:
 Ctrl + X --- moniSnuli obieqtis amoWra
Ctrl + C --- moniSnuli obieqtis kopireba
Ctrl + V --- moniSnuli obieqtis Casma

fanjaraSi yvela obieqtis mosaniSnaT gamoiyeneba gamoiyeneba klaviSTa Semdegi

kombinacia:

Ctrl + A

obieqtis waSla

obieqtis wasaSleladac arsebobs ramodenime varianti;

ekranis Tvisebebi

monitoris ekranze fonis Secvla

vis rom monitoris ekranze SevcvaloT foni an davayenoT Cvens mier sasurveli suraTi, unda
moviqceT Semdegnairad: ekrans fonze davawkapunoT mausis Rilakze da konteqstur
meniuSi romelic gamova ekranze avirCioT brZaneba Properties{Свойства} (davawkapunoT
masze marcxena RilakiT ekranze gamova ekranis Tvisebebis fanjara, romelSic gavaaqtiurebT
CanarTs – Desktop {Рабочий Стол}. masSi iqneba standartuli fonebis CamonaTvali,
saidanac xdeba misi Secvla. Tu Cven gvinda, rom fonad davayenoT iseTi suraTi romelic
CamonaTvalSi ar aris – unda davawkapunoT Rilakze Обзор. da fanjaraSi, romelic gamova
mivuTiTebT sasurveli naxatis adgilmdebareobas da avirCevT mas. bolos unda davawkapunoT
Rilakze – OK.