P.A. HILTON LTD. EXPERIMENTAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL OPTIONAL FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION FROM FLAT, FINNED AND PINNED PLATES H112P H112P_E_1_023 JAN 12P.A. HILTON LTD. EXPERIMENTAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL OPTIONAL FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION FROM FLAT, FINNED AND PINNED PLATES H112P H112P_E 1 023 JAN 12SCHEMATIC DIAGRAN TYPICAL INSTALLATION SYMBOLS AND UNITS. Sulies INTRODUCTION SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM NOTATION DESCRIPTION NOTE TO TEACHERS INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING (COMPONENT IDENTIFICATON 1) Flr Plate Heat Exchanger 2) Pianod Plate Heat Exchanger 5) Fimo Plt Hest Exchanger SPECIFICATION Hi12P USEFUL DATA (OPERATION WITH OPTIONAL DATA ACQUISITION UPGRADE: CAUTIONS, Active Element High Temperature Protection Hot Suraces Genera Notes EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES |. To Demorsinae the Relationship Berscen Power Input and Surfice Temperate ia Fre Convection 2. To Demonstrate the Relationship Between Power lap and Surface Temperate Jn Forced Convection, 3. ToDemonsmte he us of Extended Surtices to Improve Heat Tras From the Suri. 4 ToDetermne the Temperate Distibuio Along an Extended Sure BLANK OBSERVATION SHEET 5 8 a 5 BSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 1H112P-TPICALINSTALLATION FHIIzP Shown conested eo HI12 (Conse) Note this shows the ear temperature selector $iSombol - eH ‘SYMBOLS AND UNITS ‘Quan Area Surface Heat Transfer Coeficiente Heat Cures, ‘Thermal Combstivity Presse Heat Transfer ate Heater Element Resistance Temperate Customary) Temperature (Absolute) Veocity Heater Volage ‘TEMPERATURE CHANNELS LOCATION 1 n 1s 0 18 n Element sutce Pi. 10m fom ester in 30mm from het Pin Som fom het Fin LOmm fom het Fin 30am rom eater la. A6mm fon beter Air Tenperatr Refers tothe a oe blk id Refers to suriecotons bas Volsmymropuction Ia ir sre is heated temperate above tat ofits suroundings eat wil be waned om i To on and adatom, The amos of beat apportioned o each mod of heat Tos wil {per upon he temperate ofthe surface andi mii Assuming te surface isnt at elevated tempers the majority of eat wl be Jost does conection US Deal ines ia booyncy adjacent othe surface causing an epwar Nw. Fra simple Mat ‘lnc onumt of eat ost wil be all de wo te ow ea transi coe te oner wo increase there of heat trator one method is 10 extend the surice by the adton of condi iso ins AB ORAG SNE LIM, at | Vorous tube and fi layouts have been devised i order improve the eiiney eat exchanger and Nae Roe The gee see fore given Rest transfer rae However the objective ofall of he ey cet stoprmot tbulence a thei Aowing aos fe extended sures, Lid ‘is ubulence my be increased by sig he seam velocity by means ofa incr pump, Aleroativey Pane ere aay be changed ode to fasimis ubulence Thi s aehieved By ensuring tha each ae es poninnd ach hat urblence inde byte prseding rw i siden upon the nex Ow, 1 a etter pnced sah ht te degre of turbulence increases with tb depth ofthe abe dle wrnatvely de sutce say be increased by the we of fins ater hn pins, These can res in lower Pits dng andenoced het tear tes. An aco whe thimay be importa for example is it mae erie aad Face and Forced Convection om Fa Fined and Pine Plies HLL allows sae Troe, pone and fed pes na graph form. For vocational and undergraduate sens th eben cate underaken witout prior kaowledge ofthe thor in oder aid understanding,N01 Peas eft othe sematedagrams on page| [TS Sattintdeniping allo the componcts cack leant component asa muni dentifir.f onder {Samp component ation nthe texte relevantoumber place alongs te component tame ahi cao bold text For example om page I the main sich would be enti inex as tain switch (1) Tredton wher comput screen displays are being efrencd relevant Iabes wl be shown in Bold Text “This consenton i wud thoughout he man DESCRIPTION The 1112 Fre and Forel convection fom Fat Fianed and Pinna Pats embls stants Yo vei tt ras fom varus rice in fe and foeedcomvecton. The ang of ested pss demonstrates {heeft of extend surfces (ins and pts) onthe rat of eat ante. The 12 & designed to be ‘hed with and to be stale alongside the Heat Teaser Service Unit 112, “The sccesory comprises etangular duc (6) mouated onthe dishing of base nonted cena! fun, tn the eile othe ac ian a elity senor (5) tha allows the i velocity within the dt © be esred and displayed metres econ) onthe ai velocity display (4) below te base, At the cone tithe dts an aperture vt allows ano he vce heated plates (8) supe to besa ‘A fa pit, ined pte, Fined plate het exchanger may be installed in the duct and scared by 180 bugle campe, Fack exchanger corporates an elocse Heater mat rated a IDDW at OV. Each ofthe eat plats corporates hermosa poecuon agin veresig “The beter surfic empersut (TI) i cominuouly monitored and displayed by te temperate inter when plugged into the console ‘The Pane pte is fied with thee extra thermocouples (13,4 and) 0 messire the temperature of ede suas TS fstost fom the heater. ‘The Final pe itd wih dee exathenmocouples(T6, 7 and 8) mea the temperature of tended suas, Si fest fo the het. ‘The T9 air temperature 7) senor located the base of the ct and eons the tempera of he air owing over th ead pat “Themacouple stahentpois onthe het exchangers are poate by a. covering of adhesive ‘he air velit passing the heated plates an be varied from rot more tan o's depending upon the Tne mae voltage and supply quency. The alr veoety sensortS) is pemaneniy mounted in the {ct ad conpects to theconsole Below aig Tine plug and sock “The ai veloc contol bythe we of ake air hot (9). For natural convection experi, ‘hea my oie ff ig the fansite (3) on he HEI2P console All themnacoupes are “Dupet The primi set of thermocouples tenninses with & minature pias {ented and 13 0 Ts) for tserion wo the contol console sachs. “The secunary ct of themocouples terminates with 2-vay elge-connectors suitable oe te Hiton Data Logger Theta utilise! when the optional HCII2A Data Acgustion Uprade i istalled. The panel ‘noumed acetal Tou provide ink tbe Daa Loge, where applies NOTE TO TEACHERS Experts using free convection (a operating and haha velocity) ae relatively fst each stile emit Flee a ntunl conection experiment afe sow ofeach quem. A ied eat input wil roduc sap epert se inal, bu trate of he il edce very slowly bei the rate of heatloss hecomes cots, Such experiments can Consume a complete lesson pei and students mist be Comparative rest may be obuined more ply by obervng the wansint response of difzent beat ‘change he ubjoced to the same conitoas of heat input and alow. Use a sopwatch o reed “hltea plot temperate se al pint ime. A mame of pote pois wil demonstrate the wend © ‘oer, wot hving to wa ose conions Experiments may tke the form of “Stepped Veluge’ at constr ir velocity or ‘Stepped Velocity” ‘ont volage (ower ipa) ad ecordng the tablised emperaues teach sting More ical a xperiments ined "Target Temperature’ achieved by variation in power ip cr a velo, ‘These methods aredetaied where applicable inthe flowing ext.INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING EREE AND FORCED CONVECTION. FINNED AND PINNED PLA’ ‘SVITH HEAT TRANSFER SERVICE MODULE HITE “The dct was remove for packing so st-ine inwtallation eauis the dust a be ited othe fan ott, tnd connetiom of the veo enor cable Refer the schematic diagram on page I. Imer the ct nthe ound grey aperture and ihn the 90 Dac tomb crs, ‘Take GREAT care when moving the unit to support BOTH the DUCT and the FAN UNIT. lac the Free and Forced Coaseetion from Fiat, Fined and Pinaed Plates 11112P on at surfce to the left oF the Heat waster Service Unit 2 1s assumed that the basic INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING procedures for the Heat “Transfer Seice Unit HLI2 havebeen completed ae dtd inthe base wit mma om pages to 7. Ensure thatthe 112 main sith the OFF position. “Temperature Sensors Inset the T9 probe into the coupling a the fa otlet and tghien ingsrsight. Connect the miitie thesmocouple pig fom temperueseaorT, i the dct othe socket marked T9 onthe frat ofthe Heat Tranter Service Unt HITZ Similarly connect he thermocousle lug fom the elinder surfice Tf the socket mated T10 on the From of the Heat Transfer Serve Ut 12 Heated Paes Ech of the eated ples St inoche dt and ie ceed by 12 ogee cis. Sethe hear Voltage Control cn the fon ofthe HEL? Hea Transfer Servie Unit 20 (un a stocks [Connect the 8-pole plug from the Heued cylinder tothe poser ssket on the front panel of the H Transfer Service Uni HII2Fan Motor and 1112 instrument console ‘The cenafan supped th power Crom he Socket tthe rear ofthe Heat Tans Service Unit HIL2 toutes where the local suplyf 110/120 tp up wanstormer wl ave been sapped for the withthe Heat Transfer Service Unit HLI2 and henge in all cases the raply To the fan wll be ‘ominlly 230V, 50 or 6 ‘Connect the porer lead btwcen the outlet socket om the rear of the HLL? Heat Transfer Service Unit ‘teint tcket om te rear ofthe HP console Anemometer ‘The anemomctr is inert in the dt with the hot wie Senor aligned with hea sream as show. "he securing ntonyreqies hand Finger) ehening atthe O ing el wil ensure adequate sealing ‘The lead from the sensor connects wo the plug emerging frm he ear ofthe small nsrunent console tow the fan unt ‘The gal indo i fed with tons on he ici. These wore used ding mantic for cali ofthe Hot Wire probe and shoul ot be disturbed ‘The it and # buon hasbeen signe o perform an Ato-Zero 9 corres any electri del over ‘Wath the stent powered and he Fan Switch OFF pees the burton the word Zr wil ash Pres the # btn agai, te display wil count down wo read eo the @ buon sever prised at velocies other ta Zero thecal wil bei ere. Thies eanily rece by reeroing when the fn stopped.COMPONENT IDENTIFICATON 1) FlarPlate Heat Exchanger This is the Flat Plate eat exchanger. Noe thatthe surfice thenmicouple TT sevoning the plate temperate cooneted 1 the coed onsale hough te plo shown athe Boom ofthe pte, There are no extasurice themoecuples on heft plate that reste connection ues the nits Being ‘sed wih the optional Dats Acquisition Upgrade C351 an this ek with na separ otal “The Napa is oat in the open seston ofthe tunel an secured with he two togle clamps. Ere tha te heaters ected th nel withthe power connection the op shown on page0 2) Pinned Plate Heat Exchanger Ths othe Pinna Plc het exchanger Note tat the surface thermocouple TH recording the plate Temperate is coaneced othe contol conle dough one ofthe our connecting plug shown at te tons ofthe pice “There are ree eta hemocoupls on the pis (T3, TTS) shat reer connection wo the contol conse cx sche These ae fded ih bemnocouple plugs (how above) tha match the soekes on the ‘onal ales the units being wid wth the optimal Data Acquistion Upgrade HCITZA the duplex set of thermocouples fe te, This Seat wih in a separate mau The pinned ples loadin te open section of he unel and secured wth the two ogee clamps. Eu tha fe fete cated inthe tel wih the power conmecton athe op shown on ae 13) Finne Plate Heat Exchanger ane e raend Pe how exchange, Note tat the surface themmocouple TL recording the lite Pe se cnonetd be contol Conse thcugh one ofthe Kr connecting plo shown abe Fh ‘tthe pice “There ae dace ext thermocouples onthe fis (VT, 18) at equ connction the cont console rae ee sae Ete with hemocouple pgs tat mach he sockets on he console: Nove chat see itcmoceeples ano Inger siglind os temosoupls connect tough the dg Hempeatie instr he Hillon Dt logger se pint plates located inthe open sect of th tulad secaed wih the wo gale clamps Pe Pe sates sed fhe tare! ws te power connection theo shown on page L aeeevannssne sinners tnanransiitnin anataSPECIFICATION SURE 14 Blower Ft plate Heat Exchanger Plane Plat Heat Exch LUSEEUL DATA Rectangular duct with ape to acept any one of3 pas Hest. exchangers. Forced air supply is rom a sentria lower wih “tamper cont on the inlet contol a eli {Ar velocity is measured by a ht wire sensor mounted in the ‘dct and a dita dapay located unde the fan. Cane plate its in the dct spre a incorporates a 100W eter mata at sluminiom plate with surface bemocouple A power pl and themocouple pg connects othe Heat nse Sere Un ILD Carrier pate fits into the dct apres incorporates 31007 ‘ser mat and Mat alumi ple with 6 pi of (271m diameter. Themnocoupes ae atached to the heer surface ad ie points othe extended race ofthe pis. A powe play ‘nd thermocouple plus comet the Heat rane Serie Unit Hu Carrier plate fis into the duct aperture ad insorporates a 100W heer mat and finned fuminium pte Thermocooples ae ‘ached othe heat surface and ate poits on te extenied ‘ueface ofthe fins hugs compet to te TOV power source ad Temperature measurement console. All eat exchangers have» plain heated area (nt considering the iso pins) of 15mm x 180mm, the same as the lat plate eat ex performance of he at plate a ‘ined Plate Terman cain. Remco TS | TE [Thermocouple 1 Tetve dance | 10 Ai) fon heer ssrfce inne Plate Thermocouple Lcations [teemecowie | T6—T [Eve dine [10 [a6 (om) omester | ge. This allows students to make direct comparisons betmeen the ve extended surfaces i 0 | sire l Duct Cro Sectional Area Ay = 001278 aLZR EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES 1. ToDemonsrat the Rlaoship Between Power Input and Surice Tenperaturin Free Convection 2 To Demonstrate the Relationship Becween Power Input and Suffice Tempenture in Forced Coaseton, 3. To Demonstrate the ue of Exceed Surtices wo lngeove Heal Trai From te Sure 4. ToDetermine the TenperareDistibuion Along an Extended Surice Allof the sbove experinents maybe undertaken with the ths ples spp and for expects 3 a4 ‘he procediaes are equally pple o fred convection or trl conven. ‘ote that due to variations in component availabilty and lca mais voltage and frequency this wll lect fan speed), the Beckage eet of the pinned and finned plates may vary fom the ret ontained in this manual: Hence the maximum fee stream ale veel indeated bythe al elocty 3To Demonstrate The use of Extended Surfaces To Improve Heat ‘Transfer From the Surface, er Procedure “The following proceduremay be undertaken citer in ata convection conioas (an not operating) 1s free convection cndtons. In both ass the use of extended surfaces doe intense ue et transfer: However atdemonsaedin experiment No Ite me aa to ahi sable {emperaues when investigating natural convertion canbe consdcale ‘Therefore fored convection experiment is dence a follows, The same procedure iutised forthe three type of pla, Fat, Pinned and Fined (Ensure the imoumest console main sich sin the off poston, Ensure the fn i switched ff Fer the satura convection experinets the fan will mot be wed © We fat (ined o Sane) plat is notin poston, open the toggle cans etining dhe lt in the tunel and remove the exiting pat from the tumcl Repo wat ane fe (Ginn ce Hane) ple sd clos th toga clanps Note that wth the psc heat etceegen the power ase fom he op ofthe pate, Refer to the diagram on (Gi) Nowe tat he at pate wil fave the minim blockage eet upon he as seam and the ned pate wil ave the maximum. Heace i will mx be pone to aoe te oe ‘maxima véociy reading (withthe ar throttle (8) filly pee) withthe pinned vise ‘Poston as with the fat plat in positon. I ert comparison betwen Hem pared oc te perfomnance i required then it wuld be beneficial oe the pinned ple nt nde te eshte maximum posible velocity reading U. Then the remsining late canbe ‘ted nde similar or lower air ow onions, (69) _Swichon th man ich (1) and ete spend os ow vale by cling he ale o olige atthe same conttion at then incense the ai cy by ‘peiog the He thrtde (% Once agin allow the ‘empertacs 1 mablse od se ‘eating Repe th procedure at nresing ar elacy iene (09) For it conpron pet te precede fr te Ts pe wer sar et ing ‘sonditons anda iil velocies, Typical data forthe Fined plate ie shown on the following page.SAMPLE DATA eater Used Fane Pst 115 x10" Nm TI a 5 @ “Tine 15 ewer Vos 3a | Hheter Curent (Ampa— [0370 [O37 eater Pover Ve RWater [8.54 [9978 (A nba a CHE 200 | 200 Flat Pate tsDC. Pinned Pate ts (TAC) Pine Plate TS" Plane Pate TSC ane Plate TSC Finned Pinte w TIC |W] 38S Fined Pte T6OC t Fined Pte T72C Finned Plate T82C Serface-Air Temperature | >, Differere (ta)! K | ‘Dot Air Velocity U mus ‘CALCULATIONS Forthe Fane plte(Sample No.2) he llowing data was collected ‘A Velo sm a . C Rehan a these omitins the surface temperate ts (T1) 385°C and the feeam empeanure t(To)eas 200°C. =2420.371 Hence the surfice wir eam tempat difirenets - 355 aan n1ssk Sina cakuatons were undertaken fr diferent velets andthe dt shown pled on page 23 The dts pee om page shows th eft of icesing air velty on he ura temperate ait ‘cam mpm iffeence. As the Best apt remain constant at ypprocmately 100 Wats the recing “Sac rueum temperature ference aes an creasing heat easter ceficien forthe uae “The groccaes ny be repeated fo the lt plat an pee pate and it wil fun tt he extend ‘Mefe pte wl ext lower temperate difletenes than the Mat plate ur similar onions. sa the ples hve he sme face are acing the fe ise weal ata page 12) andthe beat pt “tos ep constant he lower suc empertire rece tra iis an improved heat wane, Te etct ofthe Ss or pins isto incense the ste fe from which eat can be transite an 10 increase tublence tht nfances het want ended sufaces are tise in may best rane stations where enanced het transfers equi Fo ample cooing cect, cooled engines ad electri motr casings. However one fect ofthe fins pins iso inereas the “dag” o wind restance ofthe surfs bengFINNED PLATE, 89W HEAT INPUT. SURFACE to AIR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (ts-ta) v AIR VELOCITY ‘Surface to Ale Temperature Difrence,‘To Determine the Temperature Difference Along An Extended Surface. Procedare ‘The follwing rocedure may be undertaken ether am ral convection condoms (fn ot operating) trina omvetion conditions In both sates the use of extended suaces des increase the ate oF feat ransfer,Hymever as demonsred in experiment NOI te tine keno achive sabe ‘empertzes ven investigating tral convection can be considerable “Therefore ced convection experimen described as lls o w wi ww o sure the instrument onsle main sich sin the of postin. Ease the fan Sica of Forte natural onvecon experiments the fan will at be usd Tithe ft pinned or feed) pla not poston, pen the tog clamps eaiig the plate inthe rnc nd removes the exiting pt fom ihe ual Replace wih the Happs! ot Fine) pate and cn the ol lamps, Noe ta with he pl en cxchangers th power leads extrem he op fhe plates. Refer tthe diagram oa page Ere ta th tr peat themmocoupe TD, srice temperate themecouple TI ad ‘sdltonal thenmocovpis fied othe pned(T3, T4 8) and aed (16, 7, T8) lates ae ‘Sinneied othe natu console Refer the diagram om page Rrror! Bookmark not ‘Mined. Sich onthe ain vic nd tthe sir velcity ow aby chosing the ai throttle (Increase the heater pomer to 2 sable level sic that ts (TI) does not exceed 110°C Allow the temperate o stable and hen resord the tice lempertre (1), it star empertire (9) the Retr ppl volage Vand eet the a eect eng (and the thennecuples on te extended surface (T3,T4, TS, Pine plat oT 17, TS Fane pate) ‘Mian the Heer vlage atthe same condition an then increase te air velo by ogeing the air thot () sgh Once agsin allow the emperatres © sablise ad real the readings Repeat the procure at increasing a veloc if reuie For direst omarion repent he precede forthe oe extended sue planned or pane) under 5 hea inp conditions ad t sult veo. “Typical da othe pinned plate is show onthe following pagesSAMPLE DATA eater Used Pin Pe AAmospherie Pressure =I 01310" kN? imple No Te 3 a 5 é Tine Ta eater ValieW ae = eater Current (amps) | 0.57_| 0357 Heater Power Vx RWatts | 8603_| $603 Ambient (19)°C. 90 | 190 Flat Plate te (FIC | 51.7328 Pinned Pate ts (FWAC) | sis | 42.5 Pinned Pate THC ats | 383 Pinned Pate TAC ats | 338 Pianed Pate TSC Flaned Plate TIC Finsed Pate °C Finaea Pate T7°C Flnned Pate TC sa ‘SurfaceAle Temperature Diference (=) Duct Air Velocity U mis os | om CALCULATIONS Fo the Pianedplate(Sample No2) the flowing da was collet AN Velocity “28m wa, =ae 9) ¥v Hence the et np O=rer 410.387 Similar experiment andalzulaions say be undertaken for iret ‘elon a or the remaining = 86.03 Watts CNended surface pst Ifthe temperatures recorded ar ploted ais te loeation ofthe thermocouples slong the extended sitice the effec of he Has ops nay be sen. Refer to Uscfal Data on page 12 fv he thermocouple Iccaons. Note that de the pha iations of locating the ip thermocouples the fsstion of thse ‘me fin ad pia Ret exchangers are a dileren distances fom the ester ure, Hovever due ote high thermal conductivity of aluminium ths hs ie fet Test data forthe Hane eat exchanger i pote on page 27 Iemay be sen rom he lted data ht the temperature long he fin euces apd frm he arise ‘empratre adjcent othe Bester The diferenes betwee he temperate long hein ey ‘sal Atte base often he peratire is lose to that ofthe ester an this aus eating of the fn Se ‘conduction, However de othe fin aea and he ir stream the eat conveyed ply to the This exabliabsatempertue rae along te fn. The etvenes of th im depos noe saly onthe fin surface rebut also its hichnes nd condos The material sed fr he plates is hinios, which has a ternal conductivity of appeosinatel 230 Wm IF he matcril were cast on fo example (a us om many carly acted chines ) the ermal Conduct ofthis mates approximately $8 Wink. Hence the resistances het cont chong the fins would be apprxinatly four times reat an the slope ofthe tempera erat sould Be expect tbe ghee :2% Itcan be sen that at te higher a veloiy the tomperatres ar sigh lower bt he gradients remain the same along the fin Sample data for he same plate operating under satura convestion condoms i alo shown. Here tan tent that inode eo dnsipate fower est np (90Wats the temperatures a hiher bh at the [sc tsand along te fin. Also the gradient lon he fin is sigh highs ha a he Fred convection REPLACE GRAPH DATA,100 Temperature Distribution Along a Fin seme 0 6 Ey a 0 a biatance From He2% ‘OBSERVATION SHEET eater Used: _Atmaspherc Pressure = [Sample So. ‘Time os Heater Pomes V1 Watts ‘Ambiant a (TO)PC. Fla Platets (11°C Pinned Pat (IAC) Pinned Pate 13°C Pinned Pate TAC Pinned Pate TSC Finged Piste TIC {Fine ate T6°C Finned Rate TIC Fined Hate T9°C ‘Surface Ai Temper Diflerence(s=ta)/ K Duct Air Veocty Unis