DISCUSSION PAPER

ABOUT 
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM KATHLENE MAY L.
SABADO.

SUBMITTED BY: MARC DAVE S. VILLACORTA

GRADE 11 STEM GALILEO

Qualitative Research
Introduction:
The method of exploring new information is known as research. This information may
emerge through the creation of new ideas or the expansion of current knowledge and hypotheses,
resulting in a previously unknown comprehension. Research has a two types these are:
Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research. In this, we will tackle about the Qualitative
research. Exploratory analysis is the focus of qualitative research. It's used to figure out what's
driving people's decisions, thoughts, and motives. It offers information about the issue or aids in
the development of ideas or theories for quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is also used to
discover patterns in thinking and beliefs, as well as to delve deeper into a challenge. The
importance of discussing this topic about Qualitative Research was to have a wider knowledge
about it that you can apply later on. In the end of the discussion you will be able to answer the
following questions: 
 What is Qualitative Research?
  What are the different Qualitative Research methodologies? Give description each of the
methodologies.

Body:
Qualitative research is also used to analyze data in thinking and beliefs, as well as to drill
down into a challenge. Unstructured and semi-structured approaches are used in qualitative data
processing. Focus groups, participant interviews, and participation/observations are all standard
approaches. The sample size is usually limited, and respondents are chosen to meet goal. The
focus of qualitative research is on narratives and tales. There are several distinct kinds of
qualitative analysis, each with its own set of approaches and philosophical ideologies. Case
studies, grounded theory, ethnography, and many others are common types. 
Qualitative method reflects on the distinctions and seeks to learn more about a given
subject from the individual's standpoint. Interviews or focus groups are commonly used to do
this. This encourage participants to talk about a subject in a lively and in-depth manner.
Following that, researchers assemble a concise overview of each participant's story. Qualitative
evaluation is crucial in this way because it provides for a more in-depth review of those research
issues that quantitative research will never tackle. The use of more than one researcher to code
the data, or having an impartial peer, or the participants themselves, to check coding and themes,
are both examples of data triangulation in qualitative research. 
This method will aid in the evaluation' rigor and complexity. In qualitative research,
bringing depth to the study is vital because the aim isn't only to explain what participants say, but
rather to capture some of what they think when they say those items.
As we go deeper in tackling about the Qualitative Research, there are different
methodologies that is used in Qualitative Research. These are the following:

 Phenomenological Method
The aim of the phenomenological research approach is to describe how each subject
encounters a particular situation. Interviews, findings, and surveys are used to collect
information from subjects in this process. The study of how people feel about objects after an
occurrence or action is known as phenology. Businesses employ this approach to create
systems to assist sales reps in closing sales in styles that are appropriate for their
personalities.

 Ethnographic Model
The ethnographic method is one of the most well-known and often used experimental
analysis methods, it entertains individuals in a society that they are inexperienced with. The
goal is to assess and interpret the culture's features in the same way as anthropologists study a
group's cultural problems and motives. This approach often involves the researcher being
entangled as a topic for long stretches of time. Ethnography is critical to identifying people in
a business model. Ethnographic analysis includes evaluating products on themselves or in
beta groups before introducing them to the wider populace.
 Grounded Theory Method
The grounded philosophy approach sought to assess why a course of action took the path
it did. Grounded philosophy considers a wide variety of subjects. Theoretical models are
created using evidence from current evolutionary, biological, and psychological research
disciplines. When conducting usage or loyalty surveys to determine whether customers use a
company's goods or services, businesses use grounded theory. This information aids
businesses in maintaining customer retention and loyalty.

 Case Study Model

With the exception of grounded theory, the case study method focuses on a single
research topic in detail. An individual or family, a corporation or association, or a town or
city may be the focus. Data is gathered from a variety of sources and assembled into a larger
conclusion using the details. When selling to potential customers, businesses often use case
studies to demonstrate how their business strategies address a challenge for the topic.

 Historical Model
The historical method of qualitative research is used to explain historical events in order
to better understand current patterns and predict future decisions. This model uses tools to
address questions based on a conceptual hypothesis before testing it for any possible
variations. Businesses may use historical information from past marketing campaigns, as
well as the intended audience, to assess new campaigns to decide which is the most efficient.

 Narrative Model
The narrative model takes place over a long period of time and collects data as it unfolds.
It takes topics from a starting point and reviews circumstances when challenges or openings
arise, almost like a story plot, but the final narrative isn't necessarily in chronological order. The
narrative approach is used by businesses to describe potential customers and recognize concepts
that appeal to a consumer group.

In Qualitative Research there are also advantages and disadvantages that you need to consider
and these are:

 Advantages:
 Explores attitudes and behavior in-depth as it’s more on a personal level and can delve in detail
to gain a better understanding of their views and actions to generate or examine a hypothesis in
more detail.
 Encourages discussion as it’s more in an open manner instead of strictly following a fixed set of
questions. In this way, it gives the research some context rather than just numbers.
  Flexibility, where the interviewer can probe and is able to ask any questions around the subject
matter, they feel is relevant or had not thought of before during the discussions and can even
change the setting.

 Disadvantages:
 The sample size can be an issue if you are taking the opinion of 5 people out of 300 of your
customers or subscribers as a generalization.
 Bias in the sample selection, meaning the people you are selecting to take part in the
qualitative research may all have a certain opinion of the subject matter rather than a group of
people with mixed views, which is more valuable particularly if they are debating with opposing
views during focus groups. 
 Lack of privacy, if you are covering sensitive topics then people taking part may not be
comfortable in sharing their thoughts and opinions of the subject with others.
 Whether you are using a skilled moderator or not. It is of vital importance; the moderator is
skilled and experienced in managing the conversations of groups as well as being knowledgeable
enough of the subject matter to ask relevant questions that may have not been thought of.

Conclusion:
The main purpose of qualitative research is to explore the in-depth behavior, opinions and
attitudes of a small group of individuals in a more open manner instead of strictly following a set
of questions. These tend to be face to face in-depth interviews or focus groups, where people can
discuss the subject at hand openly with guidance from the interviewer.
Qualitative research is a method of investigation that aims to comprehend the essence of
its topics. Qualitative analysis aims to reveal the properties of the objects it investigates as they
are viewed by people. Rather than trying to collect and interpret quantitative statistics, qualitative
analysis explores individual perception.
In several ways, qualitative analysis is the polar opposite of quantitative research.
Quantitative analysis aims to collect numerically expressed concrete data, while qualitative
research tends to investigate the principles that people use to organize data.
Qualitative research is often open-ended, which means it starts with general questions
that do not predetermine the types of responses that can be given, and then uses the knowledge
uncovered to guide the research into more specific areas of focus.

Preferences:
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
https://www.quora.com/What-is-Qualitative-research
https://libguides.uta.edu/quantitative_and_qualitative_research/qual
https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/what-is-research-purpose-of-research
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41393-018-0161-4
https://www.thoughtco.com/qualitative-research-methods-3026555#:~:text=Direct%20Observation%2C
%20Interviews%2C%20Participation%2C%20Immersion%2C%20Focus%20Groups&text=Qualitative
%20research%20is%20a%20type,of%20targeted%20populations%20or%20places.
https://www.sellwithinsight.com/articles/2015/4/8/understanding-qualitative-
insight#:~:text=Qualitative%20research%20(%E2%80%9Cqual%E2%80%9D%20for,small%20number
%20of%20research%20subjects.