Chapter 11 –Exercise

Question: Compare Simon’s four-phase decision-making model to the steps in using GDSS

Answers:-

Executive decision-making is synonymous with the business process as a whole (Simon, 1977).

According to Simon, the four stages of decision-making using GDSS are:

Managerial Decision making is identical to the process of business wholly (Simon, 1977). Simon using

GDSS, stated the four phases of decision making as follows:

1.) Intelligence

2.) Design

3.) Choice

4.) Implementation

The first phase of Simon's four stages is the intelligence phase in which defining operational

etobjectives and priorities relevant to a problem topic is the crux of the first step and then assessing how

such targets are being accomplished. Intelligence in decision-making requires either an intermittent or

continuous inspection of the world (Turban, Sharda, & Delen, 2014). Both practices that tend to detect

potential or difficult circumstances come under the category of intelligence.

In Simon’s initial stage of the four decision making stages, the intelligent phase, it deals with

describing of operational objectives and the main concern to a topic problem being the root of the step

one. Intelligence in this case needs either irregular or constant world inspection (Turban, Sharda, &

Delen, 2014). Together the practices incline to discover possible or challenging conditions go in hand

with intelligence group.

 It also allows for the possibility of cooperation between various users through Group Decision

Support Systems (GDSS) and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). For certain situations tracking

the effects of a decision-making process' execution phase may also be considered a part of the intelligence

system.

Through Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) together with Knowledge Management Systems

(KMS), intelligence agrees to the likelihood of collaboration among numerous user. For Particular

circumstances tracing the impacts of execution stage of decision making process can be deemed as an

element of intelligence system.

The design process is the second phase of Simon's four stages. This process requires developing

alternate action strategies, deciding on the application parameters and their weight, and forecasting the

effects of specific alternatives. The decision-making process of the design includes knowing the issue and

evaluating potential approaches. A model of the question of decision making is developed, evaluated, and

validated. It is achieved by making assumptions that simplify reality and write down the relationships

among all variables (Turban, Sharda & Delen, 2014). CRM applications, sales control systems, ERP, and

SCM tools are valuable for creating enterprise process structures that are capable of testing assumptions

and scenarios. If a problem needs brainstorming to help define critical problems and solutions, it might be

useful to provide a Group DSS.

Design stage being the second stage of the four phases of Simon. It entails advancing of

alternative action approaches, determining on the application limits with their weight therefore estimating

the consequences of specific alternatives. Design as a phase of decision making process comprise of

assessing possible methods and identifying the issue. A type of decision making query can be formed,

estimated and authorized. This can be attained by crafting conjectures that streamline actuality and

record the relations between entire variables. (Turban, Sharda & Delen, 2014). Tools such as Sales

Control system, CRM applications, ERP and SCM are useful for establishing business process
arrangement capable of analyzing assumptions besides scenarios. A problem might be of use to describe

unfavorable assumptions when thought through,then it can be suitable to deliver a Group DSS.

GDSS can be used during the Implementation Phase in executing tasks such as coordination of

actions, clarification, and argument. The DSS advantages of the implementation process are partially

attributed to the vividness and scope of the analyzes and studies used for specific purposes. Enhanced

collaboration via shared networking through GDSS will help all phases of the decision-making process.

GDSS is also useful at the implementation stage in implementing responsibilities for instance

organization of actions, explanation and disagreement. Implememtation process DSS advantages’ are

partly credited to the distinctness in addition to the extent of the studies and analyzes used for certain

principles. Improved cooperation through portioned networking across GDSS will aid all stages of the

process of decision making

The web has a broad range of impacts on decision-making processes. Many of the more popular ones

are mentioned below:

Network has wide choice in terms of effects of the processes of decision making. Stated below are

several of the common impacts.

 Gain Access to both internal and external information channels to identify opportunities

and disputes.

 Experience with automation toosl for opportunities

 Cooperation of GDSS and KMS

 Use of OLAP, data extraction and data store houses

 Web-based collaboration software (e.g., GDSS) that can help implement decisions.

 Implementation of the decisions may be aided by web application(example GDSS).

To conclude, GDSS is used to accelerate the decision-making process to improve the resulting decisions

and has several steps. Such steps include generating ideas, organizing the ideas, setting priorities,

resolving conflicts, and finally arriving at solutions.

To terminate, GDSS is used to hasten the process of decision making to advance the resultant conclusions

and encompasses several procedures. Such procedures involve creating ideas, systemizing the idea,

establishing priorities, solving disagrees and ultimately reaching the resolutions.