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Ivan Turgenev: Biography & Books
Chapter 8 / Lesson 21

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Instructor: Christopher Sailus Cite this * Lesson 21 in chapter 8 of the course:

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Ch 8. Realism
After in Literature:5:35 3
Twenty Years:
In this lesson we explore the biography and most important works of Themes
Help and&Review
Analysis
one of Russia's greatest authors and social commentators of the 19th
century, Ivan Turgenev. Ivan Turgenev: Biography ,
& Books
Ivan Turgenev
Next Lesson 6:27
In America today, we can sometimes be faulted for taking our freedom Satire in Tom
of speech for granted. After all, since the very founding of our country, Sawyer
nearly two and a half centuries ago, all Americans have enjoyed this
fundamental right. But that is not, and was not, the case everywhere. In
19th-century Russia, for example, any form of speech deemed The Innocents Abroad by
subversive to the Russian crown could cause someone to be jailed with Mark Twain: Summary &
Quotes
little justi!cation.

In this lesson, we'll explore the life and work of an author who once ran The Innocents Abroad by
afoul of the authorities for his ideas and work: Ivan Turgenev. Mark Twain: Themes &
Analysis

Biography Satire in the Innocents

Turgenev was born in Oryol in eastern Russia in 1818, to a wealthy Abroad

landowning family. Turgenev was the second son of a cavalry o"cer who
Roughing It by Mark
died while he was young. Turgenev's mother proved to be a domineering
Twain: Summary &
presence in his life, and she insisted that he pursue a career in the civil Quotes
service. This was a traditional occupation reserved for the aristocracy in
19th-century Russia. Roughing It by Mark
Twain Major Themes
Turgenev was originally educated at home by private tutors, though he
also spent time at universities in Moscow and St. Petersburg. His
Life on the Mississippi:
formative education, however, came when Turgenev attended the Summary & Analysis
University of Berlin. There Turgenev became acquainted with liberalism
and the philosophers of 19th-century Germany. He was particularly Life on the Mississippi:
in#uenced by Georg Hegel's idealism which show through in his work. Characters & Quotes

After graduation, Turgenev returned to Russia intending to teach, but he Life on the Mississippi
instead took a career in the public service, likely at the behest of his Themes
mother. Nonetheless, he continued to write and his early short stories,
such as Parasha, earned him fame in literary circles. He resigned his post The Prince and the 5:31
in the public service in 1845, which threw his mother into a rage. She Pauper: Summary &
drastically cut the allowance that he received from the family estate, and Theme

forced Turgenev to live more fully o$ his writing.

The Prince and the
In 1847, he again left Russia, this time attached to the French singer and Pauper: Characters &
actress, Pauline Viardot, with whom Turgenev had an on-again, o$-again Quotes
relationship his entire life. From that point on, Turgenev wandered about
Europe, spending time in France, Rome, London, and other places. In The Prince and the
Pauper Genre
1852, while back in Russia, he was arrested and sentenced to 18 months
of house con!nement on his family estate after the publication of A
Sportsman's Sketches which was considered subversive to the status quo
of Russian society.

In the early 1870s, Turgenev bought a house with Viardot in Bougival,

near Paris, though he continued his frequent travels around Europe. He
died there, of cancer, in 1883. He was buried in St. Petersburg.

Short Stories and Books

Turgenev turned out a prodigious amount of literature, both short
stories and books. Many of his works centered on the Russian
countryside and the exploitation of the serfs and peasantry by Russia's
ruling classes. For example, his !rst widely popular work, A Sportsman's
Sketches was a collection of short stories focused on rural landowners
and serfs, pointing out the drawbacks of serfdom and the cruelty some
serfs faced at the hands of their landlords.

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