The Different Entertainments Teenagers in Bayugan City

Do Regarding their Mental Health Amidst the Current Pandemic.

A Research Project Proposal presented to Bayugan National

Comprehensive High School in partial fulfillment to
the requirements in Research 9

Jorow Gabriel M. Marilag

Meniel C. Burlat
Alyssa Joy S. Tabili
Trixie G. Montesclaros
Rean Mae C. Omila
Proponents

Mark Ian Glenn B. Lajera

Research Adviser

November 2020
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Rationale

The Corona Virus, commonly known as Covid-19, is the most recent global

pandemic now affecting people all over the map. A disease outbreak in Wuhan,

China, is thought to be caused by bats. People were shocked, and some could not

believe that a pandemic could strike especially Filipinos. Preparations take priority

during a pandemic, but the Filipinos were caught off guard when they learned of the

global pandemic. No idea about how dangerous it is and how long it would end.

In the midst of a pandemic, the DOH (Department of Health) and WHO (World

Health Organization) have seen a dramatic rise in Filipino deaths related to mental

illness. Mental health can be interpreted as “a state of well-being in which an

individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can

work productively and can make a contribution to his or her community” By the

World Health Organization. Due to the loss of jobs, homeschooling, fear of being

infected by the virus, being depressed and anxious, and the idea of “How could my

family possibly eat in the upcoming days?” some citizens are cutting their own lives.

As recorded by the WHO, those whose ages are 15-29 are the most vulnerable

population of deaths caused by the lack of mental health. Base on the age bracket, it

is believed to be teenagers. Teenagers nowadays are socially inclined, where most

deaths cause because of cyberbullying, modular learning, and online learning.

Teens, especially Filipinos, are believed to be scared or don’t feel comfortable

sharing their mental health challenges because of the fear of alienation or prejudice.

They tend to share it thru social media because they believe that they can speak freely

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thru the use of this. The researchers came up with the idea of “Why don’t we study

about the mental health of our fellow teenagers in Bayugan City.” Through this

research project, the researchers might present ideas on how other people could take

care of their mental health. Also, this project might benefit soon if ever another

global pandemic might take place. The researchers came up with the idea for this

investigation in order to see if teenagers utilize entertainment to manage their mental

health.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the different entertainments of teenagers regarding their

mental health in the midst of pandemic, it seeks to answer these queries:

● Can the entertainments, teenagers do during the pandemic, positively affect their

mental health?

● Do teenagers in Bayugan City keep themselves entertained for them to sustain

their mental health?

● Can other people or future teenagers benefit from the result of this study?

Hypothesis

The teenagers in Bayugan City are emphasizing their attention to something

effective in regards to their mental health during a pandemic.

Significance of the Study

The study will be performed to distinguish what entertainments are being

performed by teenagers in Bayugan City regarding their mental health. This study

can help people, especially teens when there is a pandemic or at any time. This study

may also benefit future teenagers in regards to their mental health and other
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citizens. It may help them find a way on what they should do to maintain their mental

health.

Conceptual Framework

Scope and Limitations

This project intends to identify the activities that teens engage in during

lockdown or community quarantine. It aims to relate how these particular activities

affect their mental health. However, this research only includes the teens that reside

in Bayugan City, Agusan del Sur.

Definition of Terms

Covid-19

- Also known as Corona Virus. This virus resulted in a global

pandemic that made a drastic change in how people live their daily

lives. The isolation caused by the pandemic resulted in problems like

mental illnesses for teens, loss of jobs, and more.

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Mental health

- A state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her abilities

can cope with the normal stresses of life can work productively and can

make a contribution to his or her community. It is the problem almost

all the teens are experiencing during the pandemic.

Teenagers

- A person aged between 13 and 19 years. They are most likely to be

the ones who are experiencing mental illnesses.

Cyberbullying

- The use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by

sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. One of

the reasons that can greatly affect the mental health of teenagers.

Modular learning

- Is a form of distance learning that uses Self-Learning Modules

based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS)

provided by DepEd. One of the factors that can cause stress to teens

which later on results in suicide.

Online learning

- A term to describe an emerging approach to learn at students’ own

premise through advanced information-communication technologies

either asynchronously or synchronously. Also one of the factors that

can cause stress to teens which later on results in suicide.

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 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

As a major virus outbreak in the 21st century, the Corona virus disease 2019

(COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented hazards to mental health globally.

While psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the

general public's mental health requires significant attention as well. Many risk factors

were identified to be associated with symptoms of depression amongst the COVID-

19 pandemic. Females were reported as are generally more likely to develop

depressive symptoms when compared to males. Ages from less than 40 years (≤ 40

years) were presented with more depressive symptoms. But student status was also

found to be a significant risk factor for developing more depressive symptoms as

compared to other occupational statuses (i.e. employment or retirement). Other

predictive factors for symptoms of depression included living in urban areas, poor

self-rated health, high loneliness, being divorced/widowed, being single, lower

household income, quarantine status, worry about being infected, property damage,

unemployment, not having a child, a past history of mental stress or medical

problems, having an acquaintance infected with COVID-19, perceived risks of

unemployment, exposure to COVID-19 related news, higher perceived vulnerability,

lower self-efficacy to protect themselves, the presence of chronic diseases, and the

presence of specific physical symptoms. (Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L.,

Gill, H., & Phan, L. et al. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in

the general population: A systematic review. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 277,

55-64.)

New rules of competition often appear during periods of transition. However,

when the crisis subsides, as it will, although it may leave an economic crater behind.
5
The Covid 19 crisis has, in the near future, required organizations to look for digital

replacements or identify ways of delivering their products and service with minimal

physical contact and safely. These choices have presented opportunities for firms to

be innovative in redesigning their existing products; designing alternative digital

products and services; and/or rethink their product and service delivery channels and

mechanisms; and to look for strategic positions and partners in the new ecosystem

who can help them achieve these. In order to succeed in the new ecosystem, firms

need to be agile, possess dynamic capabilities that can aid them in their adaptability

to the changing times. ( Seetharaman, P. (2020). Business models shifts: Impact of

Covid-19. International Journal Of Information Management, 54, 102173. doi:

10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102173 )

The rapid spread of new corona viruses throughout China and the world in 2019–

2020 has had a great impact on social development like the entertainment industries

where various activities like movies and sporty activities are being suspended all over

the world. As the backbone of Chinese society, Chinese universities have made

significant contributions to emergency risk management. Earlier, many major

companies including Netflix, Apple, Amazon, Warner Media, Facebook, Twitter,

TikTok, Mashable, and Intel, have dropped out of many well attended events,

canceling panels, premieres, and other appearances. (2020. Retrieved 27 November

2020,from https://www.idosr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IDOSR-JES-51-8-12-

2020.-P2.pdf )

Since December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

has spread from Wuhan, China, and became a pandemic affecting every continent.

Adolescents are a vulnerable group and they are experiencing a time of difficult

transition. The COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown may have multiple consequences

6
on the lives of adolescents: chronic and acute stress, worry for their families,

unexpected bereavements, sudden school break, and home confinement in many

countries, increased time of access to the internet and social media, worry for the

economic future of their family and country. Quarantine has negative and potentially

prolonged effects on the psychological health of individuals, including post-traumatic

stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. For adolescents with psychiatric disorders,

lockdown may result in a sudden break or shift in care. A study of American families

exposed to the H1N1 and SARS-CoV (Severe acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus) viruses reported PTSD in 30% of children exposed to quarantine

measures. Post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, and anxiety are potential

disaster impacts on adolescent mental health. Girls are estimated to be twice as likely

to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. Adolescents are experiencing a new

period of insecurity: worry about the health and work of their relatives, the

ubiquitous issue of death, sudden separation from friends, and school

disruption. Epidemics may be linked to increased suicide rates, but we found no data

on adolescent suicidality during epidemics. Stressful life events are a risk factor for

adolescent suicidality.

( Guessoum, S., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., &

Moro, M. (2020). Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

and lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113264. doi:

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264 )

COVID-19 pandemic presented as a black swan event, and as a measure to

curtail it the governments of different countries took various approaches (Tandon,

2020). However, most countries announced complete lockdown, with draconian

travel and social restrictions. Though this was probably a requisite, even short term

7
lockdowns, quarantine and social distancing can precede long term effects such as

symptoms of mental stress and disorder, including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and

post-traumatic stress symptoms. In a survey, when enquired about the activities

during the lockdown, only a small amount were occupied with hobbies whereas

WHO advises engaging in regular exercising, daily chores, and hobbies during the

present COVID-19 pandemic for mental health well-being (WHO, 2020). Significant

associations were observed between age groups and the multivariate variables of

knowledge about COVID 19, effects of COVID 19 on mankind and how the

participants felt about the present situation. Sleep disturbances have been shown to be

a risk factor for mental disorders. Also, sleep quality has been found to be dependent

on anxiety, stress and self-efficacy. Moreover, short sleep duration in some

individuals has been associated with suicidal tendencies. This could be associated

with high levels of anxiety and stress because of isolation, indicating adverse mental

health. Nutritional factors are interlaced with human behaviour, and emotions while

playing a critical role in not just the initiation, but also the severity and duration of

depression. Numerous reports support the view that stress can either increase or

decrease caloric intake, and chronic stress exposure can lead to either obesity or

anorexia. The present lockdown was eventually extended. Longer quarantines have a

direct correlation with the mental health outcomes and the duration of the lockdown

is a predominant stressor affecting the mental health of individuals. During the SARS

outbreak, many studies investigated the mental health impact on the non-infected

community, revealing significant psychiatric morbidities. Even when people adhere

to the lockdown, rather than comply, various moral and mental health issues are

raised, creating a debate about individual rights versus such public health

interventions during a crisis. However, if authorities are strategic in their planning,

lockdowns may become more effective and with fewer effects on the mental health of

people. ( Kochhar, A., Bhasin, R., Kochhar, G., Dadlani, H., Mehta, V., Kaur, R., &

Bhasin, C. (2020). Lockdown of 1.3 billion people in India during Covid-19

pandemic: A survey of its impact on mental health. Asian Journal Of Psychiatry, 54,

102213. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102213 )

The COVID-19 has caused worldwide stay-at-home orders, meaning most

people are now spending most of their time in their homes. This pandemic has caused

changes for everyone, whether you are a single college student or a married person

with three kids. People are picking up new hobbies. Some of the key feelings you

might be experiencing because of Covid-19 are loneliness, anxiety, and hopelessness.

Socializing in any form, whether in person (which we cannot do right now), online,

or on the phone, is a great remedy to all of those feelings. Continuing to engage with

family and friends is the best way to combat loneliness, which is one of the biggest

effects of being self-isolated at home. (New hobbies in the wake of Covid-19. (2020).

Retrieved 27 November 2020, from https://www.journalism.co.uk/press-

releases/new-hobbies-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/s66/a756986/)

Public health emergencies may affect the health, safety, and well-being of

both individuals (causing, for example, insecurity, confusion, emotional isolation,

and stigma) and communities (owing to economic loss, work and school closures,

inadequate resources for medical response, and deficient distribution of necessities).

These effects may translate into a range of emotional reactions (such as distress or

psychiatric conditions), unhealthy behaviors (such as excessive substance use), and

noncompliance with public health directives (such as home confinement and

vaccination) in people who contract the disease and in the general population.

Extensive research in disaster mental health has established that emotional distress
9
is ubiquitous in affected populations — a finding certain to be echoed in populations

affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.( Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic |

NEJM. (2020).  New England Journal Of Medicine. Retrieved from

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2008017)

The COVID-19 has caused worldwide stay-at-home orders, meaning most

people are now spending most of their time in their homes. This pandemic has caused

changes for everyone, whether you are a single college student or a married person

with three kids. People are picking up new hobbies. Some of the key feelings you

might be experiencing because of Covid-19 are loneliness, anxiety, and hopelessness.

Socializing in any form, whether in person (which we cannot do right now), online,

or on the phone, is a great remedy to all of those feelings. Continuing to engage with

family and friends is the best way to combat loneliness, which is one of the biggest

effects of being self-isolated at home. (New hobbies in the wake of Covid-19. (2020).

Retrieved 27 November 2020, from https://www.journalism.co.uk/press-

releases/new-hobbies-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/s66/a756986/)

Despite the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, there's still plenty of

fun to be had. In fact, seeking out fun activities may be even more important now.

Doing something you enjoy can distract you from problems and help you cope with

life's challenges. When activities are near where you live and allow plenty of space

between you and others, outdoor activities pose a lower risk of spread of the COVID-

19 virus than indoor activities do. Depending on the weather where you live, various

activities may be available. (Stay safe, have fun during the COVID-19 pandemic.

(2020). Retrieved 27 November 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/safe-

activities-during-covid19/art-20489385)
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 How do we compensate, for example, the lack of the enjoyment of the social

aspects of watching a movie in a cinema with friends? In these times of lockdown

and social distancing, we are realizing more than before that what's important is not

only what content we consume, but also how we consume it. We understand how we

lack the sensation of sharing the same experience with others, at the same time and in

the same place. Basically, we need to make more social the audiovisual entertainment

at home. During this crisis, we are also discovering how the need of interaction

caused an amazing creativity on messaging and social network platforms like

WhatsApp and TikTok, with tons of user-generated content coming from anywhere

in the planet. This trend could lead to new content creation and consumption models

that content creators, broadcasters, pay TV operators, OTT media service providers,

social media, messaging and collaboration platforms should think about. There is

potential to render their services in a more synergistically connected way to make the

home entertainment experience more social, and so much more engaging and

pleasant for their audiences and consumers. The “Netflix Party” is just one recent

sample of how the home entertainment is evolving in these COVID-19 times. At the

end of the day, it is in the DNA of the media and entertainment industry to be strictly

connected to the feelings of the people. Today, the social benefits of this connection

are even more valuable than ever. (The new face of home entertainment at the times

of COVID-19 - Atos. (2020). Retrieved 27 November 2020, from

https://atos.net/en/blog/the-new-face-of-home-entertainment-at-the-times-of-covid19)

Suicidal is the effect of an anxiety and depression behavior of people which

leads them to death. Suicidal is usually happens among men and suicidal behaviors

usually happens among women who are young or have a mental health disorders. 11

Despite a increase in the treatment of suicidal persons over the past decade, incidence
rates of suicidal behaviors have remained largely unchanged. Suicide is an enormous

public health problem in the United States and around the world. Each year over

30,000 people in the United States and approximately 1 million people worldwide die

by suicide, making it one of the leading causes of death. According to the report from

the Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Sciences) estimated that in the

United States the value of lost productivity due to suicide is $11.8 billion per year.

World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that suicide account for the largest

share of the intentional injury burden and that suicide is projected to become an even

greater contributor to the global burden of disease to the coming decades. The

seriousness of suicide has led both the United States government and World Health

Organization to call for an expansion of data collection on the prevalence of and risk

factors for suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior to aid in the planning of public

health strategies and health care policies and in the monitoring of behavioral

responses to policy changes and prevention efforts. (Nock, M., Borges, G., Bromet,

E., Cha, C., Kessler, R., & Lee, S. (2008). Suicide and Suicidal Behavior.

Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 133-154. Doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxn002)

Covid-19 or Corona Virus didn’t just carry an infectious disease to humanity

but also sudden boredom to humanity, loss of jobs and phobia to humanity. People

have been attached to their homes for a long period of time and still hoping for the

pandemic to end. As humanity stays at home for a very long-time boredom strikes

and the mental health of humanity are suddenly forgotten. Causes for this mental

health problems are school closures, workplace closures, stay-at-home restrictions,

12
cancellation of public events, restrictions on socialization and public gatherings,

restrictions on international and internal travel (Tandon, R. (2020). COVID-19 and

mental health: Preserving humanity, maintaining sanity, and promoting health. Asian
Journal Of Psychiatry, 51, 102256. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102256). Due to these

reasons many are starting to forget about their mental health.

The outbreak of COVID-19 in China has caused mental health problems

among the public in China and Japan and medical workers in Wuhan. It is said to

believed that one of the causes of this mental health problems is social media (Gao,

J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., & Chen, S. et al. (2020). Mental health

problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS ONE, 15(4),

e0231924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231924).

According to similar epidemics and pandemics, in such cases, serious

concerns such as fear of death can arise among patients, and feelings of loneliness

and anger can develop among people who are quarantined. Also, people whoa re

quarantined lose face-to-face connections which means they are far from their loved

ones which is sad in a situation like this. Being alone in this situation is hard specially

if you are close to your loved ones (2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020, from

https://covid-19.conacyt.mx/jspui/bitstream/1000/1090/1/105411.pdf). A person may

always wonder about what the situation of his/her family, “What are they eating?”,

“What are they feeling about me at this time?” and “Are they safe” are some

questions that may wonder around your head at this time which may lead to mental

health problems in such a way.

This pandemic has been a struggle to us humans especially students. A lot of

students became mentally breakdown because of this new normal education,

bullying, discrimination and more. Some students surrendered their life because they
13
are extremely tired and brain dead in answering their modules and more. Mental

health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how

we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others,
and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood

and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience

mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behaviour could be affected. Many

factors contribute to mental health problems including Biological factors such as

genes or brain chemistry, Life experiences such as trauma or abuse, and also Family

history of mental health problems.

According to the article about Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic

in the Philippines (2020) it states that the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

pandemic poses a threat to societies’ mental health. This study examined the

prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identified the factors contributing to

psychological impact in the Philippines. In their study the students reported greater

psychological impact as well as more depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms

compared to those who are employed. The study also shows that females are more

affected than males. Students who had poor social support had higher risk of

developing depression and stress compared to their counterparts. Lack of social

support may add a pressure to economic, social, and health impacts.

A research article about Mental Health of Students in the Philippines during

Pandemic: An assessment (2020) provide necessary pieces of information of the

mental health of the student which could be a great help to the respondents in

understanding themselves. This study can also help them to be more aware about

mental and psychological health through the help of the recommendation of the

researchers; To the Parents. They gave helpful recommendations that will help them 14

in dealing with the problems with their children’s mental health issues which is not

easy to know. 
 On the other hand, Covid-19 is said to be a global pandemic which means

also Philippines is affected. Same as other countries Philippines is suffering the same

way as they undergo with mental health problems but in Philippines the main cause is

about the online learning or modular learning. Many students got depressed because

of too much school works. Some students says that, “Mabuti pa noong face-to-face

ang pasok may natutunan pa kame”, also some may say that, “Mabuti pa noong face-

to-face may natututunan pa kame” these are some lines that students says amidst this

pandemic.

Due to the current situation about covid-19 the country Philippines is

suffering on how to control the infection and also about the mental health of the

citizens. Dealing with this type of problems are hard and also tiring. Covid-10 made

humanity suffer fear of getting infected, loss of jobs, distance learning and more are

what Filipinos are in right now. Mental health is being affected because of this

pandemic. To sum up, covid-19 carried not just a virus but also mental health

problems to deal with which makes this fight against the pandemic hard.

Chapter 3
Methodology 15

Research Method
The researchers are conducting qualitative research to gather information on how the

teenagers of Bayugan City handle their mental health in the middle of a pandemic.

Research Design

The research is designed so that the researchers can gather various information. In no

particular gender, It focused on what the teenagers of Bayugan City are doing to

maintain their mental health.

Participants of the Study

The participants in this research are all teenagers in Bayugan City, Agusan del Sur, of

no particular gender. The sample size will contain five hundred (500) teenagers that

reside in Bayugan City.

Setting of the Study

The study will be conducted on civilians in Bayugan City, Agusan del Sur,

specifically the teenagers.

16