CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Student jobs have become a sort of trend among students around the world, who wants to be a
working while they are studying. In short, the term that suits this trend is Earn and Learn policy.
Other reasons why student jobs are popular among students are they help to cope up with the
constant increase in tuition fees, and a way to afford further educations. By knowing these factors,
students will be responsive and it could help them to pursue a better academic performance in
school. That working while studying is not a hindrance for them to have failing grades and it’s not
a reason to be inactive in performing in school. Further significance is the non- working students
and faculty members could understand why most college students are oblige to work while
studying and how could they help them.

Parents work hard to give the best for their children. The government offers programs and solutions
for the benefit and development of the people. And as an individual, students have responsibility
to help themselves and be beneficial to others. Working students are those individuals who find
ways to make things possible for them and to others.

A working student is a person who has work and at the same time goes to school as a student.
Being a working student needs a lot of effort not only to his work but also in their studies. In the
Philippines, a lot of teenagers who work are those who have no capability to finance their tuition
fee, bills in the school and their allowance by their family. A working student is responsible enough
to handle their life being a student. They will know how hard to handle a job while they need to
go to school after their work. They will know how important the commitment and the time when
they become a working student.

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The research aims to provide encouragement and motivation to all students especially those
financially distressed to pursue and finish a college degree in order to become competitive in the
future and be able to realize their goals and aspirations. It may also provide learning’s, experiences
and information to other students who are not working.

Background of the Study

This study deals with the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Working Students to the
g12 Academic Track in St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite. The problem is what factors that
working students affect their academic performance. And one of the negative effects typically arise
because hours spent at work take time away from studying which may lead to lower grades and
less attractive post college opportunities.. This study serves as the basis to discover other factors
to enhance student’s performance.

Students should be very clear about the reasons to be a full-time student and worker. Putting so
much of their mental and physical energy into this uneasy arrangement can quickly leave that
feeling fatigued, stressed, or both. Perhaps for the first time in their life, students may find
themselves planning and accounting for every day, from the few hours you can block off for sleep
to the 45 minutes of their commute their lunch break (both may become extra time for studying).
There are many reasons for working part time, including the desire to do so, having one’s hours
cut back by an employer and being unable to find a full-time job.

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Statement of the Problem

These are the statement of the problem that must be answer in this research paper:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?

a. Age;

b. Gender;

2. How to improve the academic performance of the selected working students as regard to:

a. Learning skills

b. Study skills

3. Is there a significant relationship between the academic performance of the respondents and at
the profile of the students?

4. What action plan may be prepared to enhance the level of academic performance of the working
students?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the academic performance of respondents and the
profile of the students.

Scope and Delimitation

The present study is the profile of Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Working Students
to the Academic Track Students in St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite 2019-2020. This study
limits only to students who are also working and previously working. Only those working students
are allowed to participate in the research.

The researchers limit their study by giving questionnaire to the G12 of academic track 30 working
students of SJCDC. The academic performance of working students did not affect due to time
management, they can balance their study while working they still have time to study.

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Significance of the study

This topic (Factors Affecting the Academic performance of working students to the Academic
Track students in St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite) will be beneficial to the following:

To the Working Students, this study will serve as their guide on how to become good and
responsible students, especially to the students having a family soon, because they willable to
carry out their responsibilities and duties as wives or husband and possibly working.

To the School Administrators, it will guide them to come up with the scheme to help students
who have difficulty paying on time their tuition fees and some school financial requirements.

To the Faculty, they will briefly understand the situation of the working students in St. Jude
College Dasmariñas Cavite.

To the Future Researchers, the proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as
their guide. The study can also open in development of this study.

Theoretical Framework

Academic Performance of the working students have attracted increased attention among the
university teachers and students with the aim of knowing and understanding the reasons, problems
and other factors affecting them.

This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success hindered by their busy
schedule and always no time to their study and academic performance.

Determining the concepts of this research the study comes up with different theories. The theories
that could be used are transactional model of stress and coping it is how a person copes with
stressful events.

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From an empirical point of view, the impact of working while studying on academic or labour
market performance has been widely analysed. Concerning academic performance, empirical
studies have generally looked at the impact of working while studying on academic achievements
in terms of time-to-degree and credits/mark obtained. Using different methodologies and
identification strategies -in order to take also into account endogenous self-selection into working
activities- general findings point out a negative impact of pre-graduation working experiences on
academic achievements. (Theune 2015, Darolia, 2014, Triventi, 2014, Body et al. 2014, Avdic and
Gartell, 2015, Wenz and Yu, 2010, Stinebrickner and Stinebrickner, 2013). Nonetheless, the
academic penalization due to working while studying seems to depend on working time, as
reported by (Triventi 2014, Darolia 2014 and Body et al. 2014). Their results show that academic
achievement is dampened especially when students perform full-time jobs, while the impact of
part-time or low-intensity jobs seems to only marginally affect students' academic achievements.
Consistent evidence has been obtained also from studies considering the amount of working hours,
which highlight that the negative impact on academic performance increases with work intensity
(Wenz and Zu, 2010, Callender, 2008, Beffy et al., 2013).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Antecedent A stimulus that cues an organism to perform a

learned behaviour.

Appraised. Assess the value or quality of.

Cognitive representation. Used to comprehend process, remember and apply

income information.

Financial distress Is a condition in which a company or individual

cannot generate revenue or income because it is

unable to meet or cannot pay its financial obligations.

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Hindered Create difficulties for (someone or something)
resulting in delay or obstruction.

Peril. The dangers or difficulties that arise from a particular

situation or activity.

Scheme A large systematic plan or arrangement for attaining

some particular object or put particular idea into
effect

Stints A person's fixed or allotted period of week.

Subjective Norm Measured as normative belief without including

comply.

Upset balance To disturb the normal state, course or stability of.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The researchers have consulted a number of related literature and studies to examine what factors
and variables were considered by other researchers in doing their respective studies, including
the methods used and findings.

Local Literature

According to the (National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) , 2013)published that the full-
time workers in July 2010 recorded a share of 64.3 percent of the total employed while the part-
time workers, 35.0 percent. The number of underemployed persons in July 2010 was estimated at
6.5 million, placing the current underemployment rate at 17.9 percent. More than half (58.1%) of
the total underemployed were reported as visibly underemployed or working less than 40 hours
during the reference week. Those working for 40 hours or more accounted for 40.4 percent.

Most of the underemployed were working in the agriculture sector (46.7%) and services sector
(37.8%). The underemployed in the industry sector accounted for 15.5 percent.

MANILA, Philippines - About 216,000 students in the country are currently juggling school and
work, according to latest data from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).The figure is
about 8% of the total number of college students in the country. CHED said working students
today are mostly into food service, entertainment and sales, apart from their usual stints as library
and research assistants."Dahil sa financial crisis, kailangan nilang extra income," said lawyer Julito
Vitriolo, officer-in-charge at CHED's office of the executive director. Vitriolo added that these
students are forced to work because of higher commodity prices and tuition fees. Jerry Rontal, who
delivers oxygen tanks in a hospital. Rontal is currently taking up Criminology, and needs to pay a
tuition fee of P24,000 for this semester. The amount does not include expenses for books, uniform
and public transport."Gusto Kong umangat sa hirap. Kakayanin po, kailangan po eh. Kung hindi
ako kikilos, walang mangyayari," Rontal said. Despite their efforts,

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the pressure to balance work and school is just too much for many working students. The CHED
said that only 50% of working students get to finish college, as many cannot cope and cannot
concentrate on their studies, while some have poor health, while others give up because of
insufficient funds. CHED advised working students to get jobs that are not that demanding and
that are more closely related to their courses. -- Report from Bernadette Sembrano, ABS-CBN
News.

Local Studies

In a research proposal established by (Bagongon & Edpalina 2009), the researchers planned to
investigate the possible relationship of study habits and the factors affecting it to the academic
achievement of under graduate education students of Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan. They
used Time management, learning skills, and study skills as independent variables to find out how
it affects students’ study habits.

The study also focuses on the factors affecting study habits, influencing the academic performance
of the student. In this view, the researchers wanted to study the factors in which affect the study
habits.

The study uses the descriptive survey design in its attempt to determine, describe and analyze
relationships between time management, learning skills, and study skills and the dependent
variable which is the study habits. It tries to find out if the independent variables significantly
influence the dependent variable (study habits).

Foreign Literature

(Poropat, Arthur , 2009)Reports a meta-analysis of personality–academic performance

relationships, based on the 5-factor model, in which cumulative sample sizes ranged to over
70,000. Most analyzed studies came from the tertiary level of education, but there were similar
aggregate samples from secondary and tertiary education. There was a comparatively smaller
sample derived from studies at the primary level. Academic performance was found to correlate

8
significantly with Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Where tested, correlations
between conscientiousness and academic performance were largely independent of intelligence.
When secondary academic performance was controlled for, Conscientiousness added as much to
the prediction of tertiary academic performance as did intelligence. Strong evidence was found
for moderators of correlations. Academic level (primary, secondary, or tertiary), average age of
participant, and the interaction between academic level and age significantly moderated
correlations with academic performance. Possible explanations for these moderator effects are
discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.

(Hill and Tyson, 2009) mentioned that early adolescence is often marked by changes in school
context, family relationships, and developmental processes. In the context of these changes,
academic performance often declines, while at the same time the long-term implications of
academic performance increase. In promoting achievement across elementary and secondary
school levels, the significant role of families, family–school relations, and parental involvement
in education has been highlighted. Although there is a growing body of literature focusing on
parental involvement in education during middle school, this research has not been
systematically examined to determine which types of involvement have the strongest relation
with achievement.

Foreign Studies

(David Conley, 2009) This article considers the importance of ownership of learning as a key
component of college readiness. The article is organized around two conceptual models. The first
is a four-part model of college readiness that includes key cognitive strategies, key content
knowledge, key learning skills and techniques, and key transition knowledge and skills. The
second is a five-part model of ownership of learning that consists of the following elements:
motivation and engagement, goal orientation and self-direction, self-efficacy and self-
confidence, metacognition and self-monitoring, and persistence. Finally, the article concludes
with a discussion of the role and importance of ownership of learning and makes the case that
these elements can and should be taught to all students and particularly in settings where an
achievement gap exists.

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According to study of (Chinn , 2009)cited that Comprehending or comprehension strategies are
strategies that help students understand and remember material such as texts and lectures. Most
of the research on comprehension strategies has focused on learning from reading texts. Five
strategies that have been found to be useful for enhancing comprehension are monitoring, using
text structure, summarizing, elaborating, and explaining.

Synthesis

This study focuses on the academic performance of selected working students in St Jude College
Dasmariñas Cavite.. In educational institutions, success is measured by academic performance,
or how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself. As
career competition grows ever fiercer in the working world, the importance of students doing
well in school has caught the attention of parents, legislators and government education
departments alike.

Schools, though invested in fostering good academic habits for the same reason, are also often
influenced by concerns about the school's reputation and the possibility of monetary aid from
government institutions, which can hinge on the overall academic performance of the school.
State and federal departments of education are charged with improving schools, and so devise
methods of measuring success in order to create plans for improvement. Performance results also
allow students to be ranked and sorted on a scale that is numerically obvious, minimizing
complaints by holding teachers and schools accountable for the components of each and every
grade.

Although education is not the only road to success in the working world, much effort is made to
identify, evaluate, track and encourage the progress of students in schools. Parents care about
their child's academic performance because they believe good academic results will provide
more career choices and job security.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, research locale, research instrument, validation of
research instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment, ethical consideration, and
population of data.

Research Design

The researcher use descriptive method and gathered information through the use of survey
questionnaire as an instrument in collecting data. Descriptive research design is a scientific
method which involves observing and describing the behaviour of a subject without influencing
it in anyway.

Research Locale

The researchers choose the St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite was located at Carlos Trinidad
Ave. Salitran IV, City of Dasmariñas and Cavite

Figure 1 St. Jude College, Cavite

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Research Method

The study will utilize the quantitative method as the research strategy which intends to present
facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and describe
present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of
the research. Involving the use of computational, statistical and mathematical tools to drive result.
(Barnham, 2015)

Validation of Research Instrument

The researchers seek help from their research adviser. The research adviser studied the whole
concept of the research that the researchers did. The research adviser checked the whole concept
and gave it back to the researcher for correction. The research instructor also checked the work
of the researchers for correction. This research validated by the research adviser and the research
instructor.

Research Instrument

The instrument that we resort is a series of questions where in respondents are bound to answer,
this will serve as our data in our research. The questionnaires can be used in gathering
information provided by the respondent’s idea where it could be helpful. The survey
questionnaire is a type of data gathering method that is utilized to collect, analyze and interpret
the different views of a group of people from a particular situation. (O`Leary, 2014)

Data Gathering Procedure`

• The first step is to make a request letter. Upon approval, the researchers retrieve the request
letter. The principal, as well as class advisers and other selected in school administration.

12
• The second step is to administering the questionnaire, the researcher was use the time allotted
for vacant to avoid distraction of class discussion.

• After data gathering, the researchers now collected it for tallying the results and to apply the
statistical treatment to be used in this study.

Population Sampling

Purposive sampling (also known as judgement, selective or subjective sampling) is a sampling

technique in which researcher relies on his or her own judgement when choosing members of
population to participate in this study.

Purposive sampling is anon- probability sampling method and it occurs when “elements selected
for the sample are chosen by the judgement of the researcher. Researchers often believe that they
can obtain a representative sample by using a sound judgement, which will result in saving time
(Black, 2010)

Where: N

n is the sample size n=_________________

N is the population size 1+Ne2

E is the population error

1 is a constant value

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Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to arrive at the needed interpretation of the factors affecting the academic performance
of working students to the selected senior high school in St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite
posted in the study the data and information will be gathered , tallied and tabulated. The
tabulated data will be analyzed and interpreted using the following statistical tools.

1. Frequency Count and Percentage

Percentage distribution- A percentage frequency distribution is a display of data that specifies the
percentage of observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data points. It is a

particularly useful method of expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other
data.

Percentage = ______________ x 100

Where:

P= Percentage

F=Frequency of distribution

N= Total number of respondents

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2. Weighted Mean.

This will be used to provide an accurate description of the entire data. It is nothing but the
average. It is computed by adding all the values in the data set divided by the number of
observations in it. If we have data raw, mean is given by the formula (Manikandan, 2011). To
determine the factors affecting the academic performance of selected working students in St Jude
College Dasmariñas Cavite.

Σf(W)

WM =____________________

Where:

WM=Weighted Mean

F=Frequency

N=Total number of respondents

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Ethical Consideration

•Informed Consent

Obtaining informed consent for a research study requires open and honest communication
between the researcher and the study participant. It is essential that participants understand that
participating in a research study is completely voluntary; they can withdraw from the study at
any time or choose not to participate.

•Confidentiality

The researcher's assurance of confidentiality to the research subject is also important. The
strictness of confidentiality normally increases with the degree of sensitivity of the information,
and with the degree of vulnerability of the research subject.

•Safety-do not harm

The participants were not harmed or abused, both physically and psychologically, during the
conduction of the research.

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 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the findings of the study in illustrative tables and analysis as well as the
interpretation based from the treatment of data.
Demographic profile of the respondents

Age Frequency Percentage

Table 1. 18-19 years old 25 83% Age Of

The 20 above 5 17%
TOTAL 30 100
Respondents

As shown in Table 1. It is clearly that ages ranges from 18-19 years old got the highest frequency
with 22 or 73% followed by 20 above with the total frequency of 5 or 17% and least ranges from
16-17 years with a frequency of 3 or 10% with a total of 30 respondents.
This tells us that most of working students are 18-19 years old.

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 25 83%

Female 5 17%

TOTAL 30 100

Table 2. Gender Of The Respondents

As shown on Table 2. That most of working students were male with a total frequency of 25 or
83% and least were female with a total frequency of 5 or 17%.

Frequency/Percentage Frequency/Percentage Frequency/Percentage TOTAL

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 Always Sometimes Never

28/93% 2/7% 0/0% 100

18/60% 12/40% 0/0% 100

18/60% 11/37% 1/3% 100

11/37% 15/50% 4/13% 100

7/23% 9/30% 13/43% 100

8/27% 9/30% 13/43% 100

Table 3.Students’ responds to the academic performance of the selected working students (as
regard to Learning and Study skills)

Table 3 presents the respondents of the students in questions to 6, in number 1(Learning Skills)
93% that answered “Always”, 7% in “Sometimes” and 0% “Never”, for number 2 (Learning
Skills) 60% answered “Always” ”, 40% “Sometimes” and again 0% “Never”, number 3
(Studying Skills) 60% “Always”, 37% “Sometimes” and 3% “Never”, number 4 (Studying
Skills) 37% “Always”, 50% answered “Sometimes” and 13% in “Never”, number 5 23% in
“Always”, 30% “Sometimes” and 43% answered “Never”. Lastly, (Studying Skills) 25%
responded in “Always”, again 30% “Sometimes” and 43% “Never”.

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 100
90
80
70
60
Learning
50
Skills
40
Study skills
30
20
10
0
Always Sometimes Never

Table 4. Students Respond To The Questions In Terms Of Learning Skills& Study Skills

70

60

50

40
Learning skills
30 Study skills
20

10

0
Always Sometimes Never

Table 5. Students Respond To The Questions In Terms Of Learning Skills& Study Skills

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 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings about the research conducted by a group of
researchers. It includes the conclusion drawn and the recommendations about the topic that the
researchers have chosen. This study is about Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of
Working Students to the Academic Track Students in St Jude College Dasmariñas Cavite.

Summary of Findings

1. The findings of the study are in illustrative tables and analysis as well as the interpretation based
from the treatment of data. As shown in Table 1, it is clear that ages ranging from 18-19 years old
got the highest frequency with 22 or 73% followed by 20 above with the total frequency of 5 or
17% and least ranges from 16-17 years with a frequency of 3 or 10% with a total of 30 respondents.
This tells us that most of working students are 18-19 years old.

2. The most number of working students were male with a total frequency of 25 or 83% and least
were female with a total frequency of 5 or 17%.Table 3 presents the respond of the students in
questions 1 to 6, in number 1 (Learning Skills) 93% that answered “Always”, 7% in “Sometimes”
and 0% “Never”, for number 2 (Learning Skills) 60% answered “Always”, 40% “Sometimes” and
again 0% “Never”, number 3 (Studying Skills) 60% “Always”, 37% “Sometimes” and 3%
“Never”, number 4 (Studying Skills) 37% “Always”, 50% answered “Sometimes” and 13% in
“Never”, number 5 23% in “Always”, 30% “Sometimes” and 43% answered “Never”.

3. The answer in number 1, they also have 18 and above age in working students and most is male.
In number 2 question is almost higher a learning skills in study skills.

Conclusion

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Based on the research findings, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. The researchers concluded that the selected working students have or had different perception
about the factors affecting their academic performance (Learning and Studying Skills). Based on
their response, most of the students answered “Always” in learning skills than in studying skills.
This means that they manage their time well without hindrances however; there are situations that
they feel pressured and tired.
2. The researchers discover that some students participate well in class discussion. In addition,
some can manage their time both in academic and in work.
3. The researchers figured that mostly of the working students in academic track of SJCDC ages
18 to 19.

Recommendation
Based on the findings and conclusions presented above, the following recommendations are
suggested:

1. The researchers recommend that working students should know to manage your time well and
commit to a schedule. Working students need to divide their time and attention for school and
work. Successful student time management is all about preparing and making every minute count,
because if not, you might end up burning out.

2. The researchers suggest that find time to sleep and relax. There will come a point in your
working student life that you’ll be deprived of sleep because of deadlines, reports, or final exams.
Lack of sleep makes you lose focus and makes you less effective at both work and school, so find
time to get at least 6 hours of shut-eye every night if you want to function properly in work and
school.

3. The researchers propose that prioritize your responsibilities. As you create your daily to-do lists,
you should prioritize your responsibilities. It’s okay if the lower priority tasks are not always
completed on an everyday basis. However, keep in mind that your school work and studies should
always come first.

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study-habits-on-the-academic-performance-of-freshmen-education-students-in-xavier-university-
cagayan-de-oro-city-school-year-2008-2.

Black, 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-

collection/purposive-sampling/.

Chinn. (2009). Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/24118915/CHAPTER_I_Problem_and_its_Setting.

David Conley. (2009). Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275490135_Student_Ownership_of_Learning_as_a_Key_Co
mponent_of_College_Readiness.

Foley, B. (2018). Purposive Sampling 101. surveygizmo.

Hill and Tyson. (2009). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/dev453740.pdf.

National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) . (2013). Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority.

O`Leary, 2014. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lled500.trubox.ca/2016/225.

Poropat, Arthur . (2009). Retrieved from http://www.ioatwork.com/personality-and-academic-

performance/.

Theune 2015, Darolia, 2014, Triventi, 2014, Body et al. 2014, Avdic and Gartell, 2015, Wenz and Yu,
2010, Stinebrickner and Stinebrickner, 2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aiel.it/cms/cms-
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Triventi 2014, Darolia 2014 and Body et al. 2014. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aiel.it/cms/cms-
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Wenz and Zu, 2010, Callender, 2008, Beffy et al., 2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from
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