Eusebio High School

C. Raymundo Avenue, Rosario, Pasig City

THE IMPACT OF BEING A WORKING STUDENT ON THE PERSONAL

RELATIONSHIPS OF A STUDENT

A Research Proposal Presented to:

Michael John M. Lopez

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Course

Practical Research 2

Proponents of the Research:

Abeto, Princes Ann

Bo, Maria Monica

De Leon, Ken Davies

Deguit, Kate Justine

Delos Santos, Noreen

Embuestro, Paula Nicole

Estopalla, Jascha

Lopina, Gly Ann Mae

2020
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Education plays a vital role in a person’s life. People view it as a key for success

and a torch that would light up the path for a better future. According to The Education

School (2018), Education is an important aspect that plays a huge role in the modern

industrialized world. People need good education to be able to survive in this competitive

world. Modern society is based on people who have high living standards and knowledge

which allows them to implement better solutions to their problems.

However, education is not free. Although the government offers public schools

which are free from tuition fees, the cost of miscellaneous fees is still hard to keep up

with, especially now that poverty is prevalent. Nasir (2019) stated that with the increasing

costs attached to the pursuit of higher education, working part-time while studying has

become a necessity for many students – be it for the sake of covering daily expenses,

paying for tuition or miscellaneous academic fees, or just for extra allowances. This issue

has become more and more apparent in our society today. More than just being apparent,

it has also become a dilemma for many students. For some students, especially those in
traditionally underserved populations, taking a job is not a matter of choice, but necessity.

(College Board, n.d.)

There are many terms used to address these students: working students, student

employee, work-study students, part-timers, etc. In the Philippines, a blog posted in Look

Upgrade (2018) defined working students as a person who has work and at the same time

go to school as a student. Webster (n.d.) mentioned that a student working a job while

attending school is a student employee. As it was stated in Collins Dictionary, a student

who is permitted to work while studying, and use the money earned to pay for their

studies.

Working while studying can be a great way for you to make a little bit of extra

money, and while it does have its disadvantages, those are usually drastically outweighed

by the benefits that it brings. (The Yale Tribune, 2019) The good thing about working

part-time while studying is the fact that money will not be the only thing which you will

gain through working. It is also the great opportunities which you can attain with first-

hand experience in the marketplace that can help prepare you for the real working world.

(Nasir, 2019). Previous research has shown that, while working can be beneficial for

students, there is a threshold where it starts to do more harm than good. (Amour, 2019).

Dowd (2019) emphasizes that You won’t make a lot of money working minimum wage

jobs, especially after you factor in transportation costs, meals and work clothes. One of

the down sides to working during your studies is that it takes up time.
 According to Parker (2019), new research suggests that the complex web of social

relationships children experience early in life — with family members, peers, and adults

in their school — exerts a much greater influence on their brains and behavior than

researchers had previously assumed. In the study made by Gächter et al (2015), they

mentioned that understanding the nature and influence of social relationships is of

increasing interest to behavioral economists, and behavioral scientists more generally. In

turn, this creates a need for tractable, and reliable, tools for measuring fundamental

aspects of social relationships.

Theoretical Framework

This study based on the Social Learning Theory advocated by Albert Bandura

(1977), emphasizes the important of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors,

attitudes, and emotional reactions to others. Social learning considers how both

environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior.

In this essence, Based on previous studies, learning is defined as “A persisting

change in human performance or performance potential as a result of the learner’s

interaction with the environment” (Driscoll, 1994, pp. 8-9). Learning is also elucidated by

Weinstein & Mayer (1986) as “The relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge

or behavior due to experience” (p. 1040). On this point, Shuell (1986) clarified learning

as “An enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion,

which results from practice or other forms of experience” (p. 412).

Social Learning Theory

 Social learning theory is increasingly cited as an essential component of

sustainable natural resource management and the promotion of desirable behavioral

change. (Muro & Jeffrey 2008). SLT has become perhaps the most influential theory of

learning and development. It is rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional

learning theory. This theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist learning

theories and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and

motivation. (Muro & Jeffrey 2008). However, on this regards, Bandura believes that

direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. For that reason, in his

theory he added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and

behaviors by watching other people. (Bandura, 1977).

It explains that this theory is based on the idea that we learn from our interactions

with others in a social context. Separately, by observing the behaviors of others, people

develop similar behaviors. After observing the behavior of others, people assimilate and

imitate that behavior, especially if their observational experiences are positive ones or

include rewards related to the observed behavior. According to Bandura, imitation

involves the actual reproduction of observed motor activities. Children are more likely to

attend to and imitate those people it perceives as similar to itself. Consequently, it is more

likely to imitate behavior modeled by people of the same gender. Also, the people around

the child will respond to the behavior it imitates with either reinforcement or

punishment.  If a child imitates a model’s behavior and the consequences are rewarding,

the child is likely to continue performing the behavior. (1977)

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

•The proponents of the research will •To determine what caused the
•The input will come from the
 Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm of the Study on the Impact of being a Student

Worker on the Personal Relationships of a Student.

The Figure 1 shows the conceptual paradigm of the study wherein the input is

consisted of two parts. The first part will include the reason of the students for

committing themselves into a part-time job and the personal relationship of a student to

his/her classmates, colleagues and families in terms of the level of their intimacy.

Indicated in the process box are the steps including the (1) data gathering

procedure (2) The distribution and collection of the survey/questionnaire and its

processing that will lead to the analysis, interpretation and conclusion of the gathered

data. The output box should present (1) To determine what caused the students to work

part-time job (2) The significance of working while studying to the personal relationship

of a student (3) Assessment whether student work is beneficial or not to the personal

relationship of a student.
Statement of the Problem

The proponents of the research attempts to find the Impact of being a Working

Student to their Personal Relationship of a Student of Eusebio High School. More

specifically it seeks to find answers to the following questions:

1. What caused the students to commit to part-time jobs?

2. What is the impact of being a working student to their:

2.1 Friendship?

2.2 Familial Relationship?

3. Is there a significant relationship between being a student worker and their

personal relationships?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between a student being a student worker and

their personal relationship.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of the study conducted by the proponents of the research will be the

Impact of being a Student Worker on the Personal Relationship of the Grade 12 Students

in Eusebio High. The variables will include the Personal Relationship of a student with

their friends and family in terms of intimacy. It is restricted only to the bona fide Grade

12 students enrolled for the academic school year 2019-2020 from strands Humanities
and Social Sciences, Science (HUMSS), Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) and Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) of the said

school who are student workers or have experienced working part-time while studying.

The research’s sample size is delimited to 46 students from Eusebio High School who

will serve as respondents for this research with the use of an online survey/questionnaire.

After the collection of data, the study will focus mostly to assess whether being a student

worker has significance to the personal relationship of a student or not.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. The result of the research will provide knowledge to the students who

are or who will commit to working part-time. It will allow them to assess how working

part-time may affect their personal relationships. The conducted research will help the

students to identify whether working as a student will be beneficial for them or not.

Parents. The research will be beneficial to the parents for it will give them

knowledge about how the child’s personal relationships be affected if they were to allow

them to work while studying. This will help them be aware of the pros and cons of

students committing to part-time works.

Teachers. The study will be helpful for the teacher to be aware of their student’s

current status. It will help them be more considerate and sympathetic to those students

who are studying and working simultaneously. If possible, teachers may conduct
counselling for the student and their parents to help them choose the right path to take or

open an alternative way they can do aside from student working.

Government. The collected data for the research will be an eye opener for those

who are currently in the position so that the implemented laws for this practice will be

revised for improvement. The research will help them assess innovative plans to conduct

in order to help the students who are committed to work as they are committed to school.

Future Researchers. The information that will be gathered and formulated by

this research will eventually be added to the body of knowledge with regards to the

impact of working and studying simultaneously to the personal relationship of the

student. This will serve as a guide for other researchers where they can get ideas and

references if they are planning to conduct the same research.

Definition of Terms

The following is a list of terms that will provide meaning in order to understand

the contents of this study:

Behavior. The ‘actions or response’ in particular situations, and usually measured

by commonly accepted standards.

Familial Relationship. The relationship between the family relatives, including

your parents and siblings.

Friendship. The relationship between two or more friends.

 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS).   An academic tracks of senior high

school in the Philippines that focuses on oral communication, media and information, and

enhancing your reading and writing skills.

Impact. The 'influence' or the 'effect’ of an individual or a situation to other

individual, community, or development of policy.

Interaction. The action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon

one another.

Part-time Jobs. A set of jobs that carries a fewer hours per week than a full-time

jobs

Personal Relationship. The relationship between the student worker and the

people around the student.

Student. A person enrolled in school and studying in grade school, high school,

and college.

Working Student. A person who is permitted to work while studying, and used

to earn money to pay their studies.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in

depths searches done by both local and foreign researchers. Synthesis also includes to this

chapter to identify the past and current studies conducted by different researchers for a

clearly understanding to this study. These will be operationally defined for the clarity of

the study being conducted.

What is a Student Worker?

Ramos (2019) defined student worker as a student who is permitted to work

while studying for them to pay their own expenses. They are those individuals who find

ways to support themselves, to help their parents to cope with the constant rise of

tuition fees, miscellaneous, and a way to fulfil their needs while studying. In this study

student workers are defined as students who work outside the school and having a school

responsibility too.

According to Webster (2021), student worker means having a full or part-time

job while going to school as a full-time student. A full-time student usually carries at

least 12 credit hours per semester. A student working a job while attending school is a

student worker. A regular student worker is a student who has a job on-campus or outside
the school. Based on the researcher, student worker is a student who is working while

attending school.

According to the national Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) published that

the full-time workers in July 2010 recorded a share of 64.3 percent of the total employed

while the part-time workers, 35.0 percent. The number of underemployed persons in July

2010 was estimated at 6.5 million, placing the current underemployment rate at 17.9

percent. More than half (58.1%) of the total underemployed were reported as visibly

underemployed or working less than 40 hours during the reference week. Those working

for 40 hours or more accounted for 40.4 percent. Most of the underemployed were

working in the agriculture sector (46.7%) and services sector (37.8%). The

underemployed in the industry sector accounted for 15.5 percent.

Qualities of Student Worker

From the results of a study of Miller (2014) being an effective student worker

means that you have developed sufficient maturity to understand the importance of your

education. But it also means knowing how to maintain a proper balance between your

studies and your life outside of school. Some of the qualities that can make you an

effective working student are natural, but some can be cultivated with a bit of patience

and persistence. Many successful students share similar traits. Balancing everything, hard

work, self-awareness is some good qualities students can have. Student worker needs to

know how to balance their responsibilities outside or inside of the school.

 As for Sandra (2017), balancing responsibilities is difficult for many working

students. Studying while working is hard for most young adults, yet it's critical to make

time for all aspects of life, including academics, socialization, sleep and work. Another

good quality of a student should be hard worker since it is hard to get good results in both

academics and in the workplace and academic success without training and effort. One of

the characteristics of a student worker is hard working, working student need to work

harder to get a good outcome in the work and especially in their academic performance.

Mayers (2017), cited that patient is one of the most important qualities of student

worker should have, it’s important because a busy working and studying life is surely a

hard one. Student workers may feel rushed, stress and shocked to the overload of works

he/she has. Another important quality a student worker must have is a time management

skill, its essential when a student worker has a busy life it even can become more

essential if a student worker is on a tight schedule or in grip situation. Lastly, quality of

student worker must has is to have a responsibility. Like spider man says “A great power

comes up with a great responsibility” to be a successful someday a person or a student

worker must have this trait or quality to make his/her future bright as it should be.

Common Jobs they commit to

Pokorny (2016) discussed that students who perform work that does not directly

relate to the institution’s program of instruction may be regarded as “employees” and

entitled to minimum wage and overtime even if they are classified as non-employee

graduate or undergraduate assistants. As a general rule, the less educational value the job
has for the student, the more likely it is that the student will be considered an employee

for wage and hour purposes.

Stated in the U.S Department of Labor (2020), generally, a student worker is a

student, undergraduate or graduate, engaged in research, teaching, work-study, or another

related or comparable position at an educational institution. The individual’s primary

relationship with the institution is educational, and the student’s working relationship has

been obtained as a result of or in conjunction with his or her studies.

Tirta (2005) stated that there are some kinds of jobs mostly taken by a working

student, for instance as a freelance teacher, a translator, a waiter or a waitress, a sales

promotion girl, a radio broadcaster, a freelance reporter, a clerk, an administration staff or

even as a professional singer.

Struggles of Student Working

Kennedy (2016) emphasized that the struggle is a natural part of human existence.

Life is not easy, we all need to work hard for us to be able to get the things that we want

and for us to be whom we want in the future. Working students are inspiration for us

because no matter how hard their situation is they still manage to pass all the struggles in

life.

As Karikari (2018) cited Padukone (2001), to be able to appreciate the value of

things, we should first determine their struggles, which means by knowing the struggles

of working student they will be so much appreciated by the people. By understanding the

struggles of working students, people will also be motivated to work hard.

 Dee (2015) emphasized that working students are very common and their

situation is not easy. We all know that they suffer a lot which led them to have less

sleeping hours and commit to improper meal schedule. In this point, student experience

tough situations and people must understand their agony. They go to school without

enough sleep just for them to pass. If teachers will know what they are going through

they will give a consideration for them. Working while studying is a difficult task and it

will be harder for them if their teachers will not be able to understand them, so it is

important for teachers to know their struggles. I think the thing that professors need to

realize is that it is not a matter of wanting to work; it’s a matter of needing to do so.

As for Kim (2016), a student that has a part-time job, doesn’t know how enjoy

their youth anymore; they can be happy if they at least sleep 5 hours a day. In this study,

students who are experiencing working while studying cannot enjoy their youth time

especially when they are busy balancing their responsibilities in school and to their job.

Grace (2016) mentioned that these students are diligent; they can work part-time and

study at the same time. Waking up in panic early in the morning; yawning while walking

towards to school; sleeping while the teacher discussing is one of the common practice

that the student-worker has.

In the studies of Emma (2016) it was stated that these are the common practice or

the daily life of the students that is working and studying at the same time. They are too

tired that they are sleeping inside the classroom whenever they have a chance to sleep.

Being a student worker is without a doubt, a hard one but it’s incredibly rewarding.

According to Emma, one of the common struggles of students who are working while

studying are less time to sleep and overtired from work.

Perks of Student Working

Working while studying is a necessity for many students but for some it is a

voluntary decision. If you’re one of the fortunate few who don’t have to get a job in order

to survive, you might want to anyway. Mostly, they did it for earning money and gain

experience.

Time Management

According to Childress (2014), there are multiple benefits of working as a student

worker. Having some extra cash while attending school is always a plus for a student,

however, there’s more to student jobs than making money. Other benefits include

developing time management skills, gaining valuable work skills, problem solving skills,

and employment experience that will enhance a resume’, and developing professional

relationships that can lead to future letters of support and recommendation.

Problem Solving

Working while studying at the young age can have positive effects to the

student’s life, like increasing independence, ability to budget, managing a schedule, and

gaining soft skills, such as communication and problem-solving skills (Triventi, 2014).

Based on the research of Moris Triventi, the effects of working at the young can be a

good practice for the student to learn how to be more independent, balancing their

responsibilities, and how to budget their money properly.

Budgeting Own Money

Stated in State University (2014), money is the obvious reason that people go to

work, but earning your own spending money during college will definitely come in

handy. A part-time job won’t pay enough to live on once you graduate and enter the real

world, but for now it can help you pay for books, food, gas and occasional splurges. You

can also start to build an after-college saving funds. Most of working student learn how to

manage their own money and used it properly. In relation with that Sightline (2021),

student worker benefits both students and school, making it an area for growth and

development. Traditional financial-aid budgets may be re-routed to student worker

opportunities to make better use of already outgoing funds. Not only will students be

more engaged during University careers, but the school itself may also see remarkable

innovation from younger minds. These efforts could potentially fill their student pipeline

for graduate school with students who already have developed personal career skills, a

win-win model for both students and Universities.

According to TeAchnology (2017), Students get jobs for many reasons including

wanting to buy a car or to earn money for social outings. Unfortunately, many students

need to get part-time jobs to help support their families and in those cases there are few

options available to them.

Field Experience

According to Zambas (2019), a part-time job can help you gain skills that a

university or college degree won’t teach you. Indeed, by working in a fast-paced

environment, for example, you will learn how to work as part of a team or on your own,
as well as how to use your initiative and develop a considerable attention to detail – all

valuable skills that can be carried across different jobs and in all aspects of life. Some

people work part-time to gain experience in their fields. For example, some college

students are paid for internships as they learn about their professions. Engineering,

accounting, architect, computer programming and advertising majors are examples of

part-time workers that are still in college. Also, some full-time employees may work a

few extra part-time hours to gain practical experience in new fields, train for higher

paying positions or eventually get out of jobs that are becoming obsolete. (Suttle, 2018)

What causes Students to Commit a Part-time Job?

Experience

Lai (2014) cited that they want to experience how to earn money from their own

hard work. For the serious students this is the major reason why they are working while

studying, they want to know what kind of feeling they could get if they earn money

themselves. Another reason is students in school can feel bored, they want to do

something different and not just focus on the study. Some of student workers want to gain

experiences from working while studying, and try new things. According to Choy,

(2012), Riani, (2014) and Mayasari and Pratama, (2010), Young people usually like

something which is challenging in order to enrich their experiences, so working comes up

as the way to live it. A proverb says that “experience is the best teacher”; therefore, by

experiencing something new, someone will face new challenges or new problems, but
actually they will be able to make someone becomes more mature. This is what college

students are looking for. World is complicated, accordingly, if students could not adapt to

that circumstance, they would not be able to survive. In the other words, by having a lot

of experiences in various circumstances, people, including students, will be easier to

survive in their real lives. Thus, if someone has prepared for their future carrier earlier, it

will help them to develop their entrepreneur senses and this is good because they can

provide jobs for other people to decrease the number of unemployment then.

Interest

As for Pratiwi (2014), those kinds of jobs are mostly chosen based on their

interests. The ones who choose a job as a teacher perhaps have an interest in teaching; on

the other hand, the ones who decide to work as a freelance writer perhaps have an interest

in writing articles, short story, poetry, etc. However, running double jobs every day are a

bit risky because of the difficulties to balance one another, but the worker-students must

have some strong reasons why they bravely take risk to work instead of only

concentrating on studying at their colleges. Student Worker’s job is commonly based on

their interests, and some of them choose to work while studying to experience their job

interests.

Poverty

Stated in the Child Fund International (2014.), millions of students in the

Philippines are forced to work at an early age because of poverty. Childbirth is one of the

fastest and worsened causes of student work in the Philippines because pregnancy is out
of control and comes from a range of social factors. Unless anything is done to stop

student worker, the issue will continue to affect the lives of many families across the

country. This study explained why students forcing to work at the young age cause of the

lack of source of incomes. The Center for Trade Union and Human Rights (CTUHR)

(2014), released a survey showing that one in four workers at palm oil plantations in

North Eastern Mindanao region are student under 18 years of age. The main causes of

student work are due to their poverty, lack of protection from the government,

unemployment, and overpopulation. Among all these, poverty is the primary cause of

student worker. Poor families have a greater number of 3-5 or more of their offspring.

They enable their children to ensure the financial support for the survival of their family

as stated on the Problems of Youth in the Philippines.

Mulugeta (2015) says that student working on the streets of Addis Ababa were

many children forced to work because of poverty so that their family has a source of

income. Based on researchers they find out that most of the student has experience

working is experiencing poverty, and worse they provide their own needs.

One important reason why many students combine study and work is that it

provides them with an income, which may help them to satisfy their consumption

aspirations. (Baert et al, 2016). Based on the researcher one of the reason why student

choose to work at the young age is to earn money for their consumption aspirations.

According to Labor Secretary Roque, the Philippines and the department have set

up programs aimed heading preventing student work and eliminating its worst forms

(Barcelo, 2014). Student worker is a big problem here in our country and many
organizations and institutions are aware of the problem. They know that lack of income is

the main reason why a lot of student is choosing to work while studying.

Nucum (2018) concluded that over the years, the concept of "Work-study

balance" has been ongoing struggle for working students. While there can be a number of

factors. Involved, financial crisis is the primary reason why students take part-time job or

full time jobs.

The Student employment is the norm for a large number of youths in many

countries, both in secondary and tertiary education. For instance, for students in tertiary

education, the number of student employment is around 49% in the United States (US)

and 47% in Europe. (Beerkens et al, 2015)

Dunca (2019) discussed that in the Philippines, the number of working students is

high and based to Polytechnic University research paper being a working student have a

negative effects to the student life and personal relationship.

Personal Relationship

IGI Global (2015) defined Personal Relationship a relationship with friends,

family, classmates, teachers, and others. The kind of relationship between people

exemplified by shared understanding, mutual trust and social bonding. Communication in

personal relationships is initially directed toward the exchange of personal information

and later toward the sharing of mutual experiences.

Family
 According to University of Minnesota (2016), the concept of "family" is an

essential component in any discussion of relationships, but this varies greatly from person

to person. The Bureau of the Census defines family as "two or more persons who are

related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household." But

many people have family they don't live with or to whom they are not bonded by love,

and the roles of family vary across cultures as well as throughout your own lifetime.

Some typical characteristics of a family are support, mutual trust, regular interactions,

shared beliefs and values, security, and a sense of community.

Raising Children Network (2018) highlighted that strong and positive family

relationships are enjoyable for their own sake – it just feels good to be part of a warm and

loving family. Help children feel secure and loved, which gives them confidence to

explore their world, try new things and learn. Make it easier for your family to solve

problems, resolve conflict and respect differences of opinion. Give children the skills

they need to build healthy relationships of their own. This is why it’s worth maintaining

and improving the relationships you share with your children and other family members.

There are plenty of simple things you can do to develop positive family relationships.

Friends

According to Wisestep (2017), having friends at work also helps to overcome the

load of pressure amounting to your work which in short leads to deficiency in the good

work quality. Building healthy and good working relationships with colleagues will open

doors to career advancement, key projects and raises in the job position. It allows the

ones who are working over you to know that you are capable of dealing with any

situation and knowing your co-workers well, thus adding on to the positive work
empowerment and job quality. If you are happier and merrier in your work place, then

nothing can stop you from being happier outside of work. Set your limits and go on in

knowing your counter parts as well.

As for Chakrabarti (2018), classmates have shared not only their industry

knowledge and career advice, but also their dreams and life stories. Being able to pick up

the phone at this very moment and ring someone from class just to vent or share some

good news is a reality. They could have never imagined this being the case on first day

when they were just a room of strangers sharing formal introductions…but it is.

Classmates are not just a simple classmates, they can be your friends or best friends, and

can even a part of your family.

Impact of Student working to their Personal Relationship

Friends

A look at co-worker involvement can provide more insight on these variables. A

study by Mahesh Nalla et al. gathered data from 251 security guards and security

supervisors from Singapore. Researchers analyzed how the involvement of each guard

impacted overall satisfaction and performance. The results support that increased group

involvement had a positive relationship with their job satisfaction. In this study, it shows

that having a good relationship with your co-worker can be a good impact at your work.

(Nalla, et al., 2016)

According to (McMorris & Uggen, 2014; Safron, Schulenberg, & Bachman,

2001; Steinberg, Fegley, & Dornbusch, 1993), research in multiple disciplines has shown
that the effect of students’ work decisions may go beyond the short term. For example,

from the broad field of sociology, several studies show that student employment is

correlated with problem behavior among youths, such as alcohol use, delinquency, and

drug use. Similarly, in a study conducted by Kander and Byne (2016), they found that

personality and social interaction between employees can influence satisfaction and task

performance. Rather than focus on positive relationships, this study focused on negative

aspects. The findings showed that disagreements can harm social relationships, resulting

in a negative impact on satisfaction and performance. This study explained the effect of

having a disagreement or not good relationship to your co-worker can have a negative

impact to your performance in work.

According to Cornell University (2019), once the students getting close to his/her

classmates, and getting to know people outside of his/her comfort zone, they will find

some phenomenal new friendships and even future colleagues at work. Positive attitudes

and positivity just attracts the same kind of energy. It allows to keep going and continue

supporting one another when life is stressful. It is easy to get caught up in a negative

moment at school or at work, or in your personal life, so having positive classmates

around his/her is not only lift them up but can give perspective. They can share their own

personal problems and encourage each other to do well. Classmates can be your friends

and some of them may offer trust right at the beginning, and others prefer it to be earned,

if he/she take the time to get to know the people around him/her and build relationships,

trust comes pretty easily afterwards.  To get to know the people in your class well, it’s

important to know who else is a priority in their lives.

Family
 Most of previous studies, we find that doing part‐time jobs actually enriches

students' school life and increases their social support network as well. We do find that

taking part‐time jobs damages students' relationships with their parents Based on this

study, working while studying can affects the family time of the student and also the

relationship with their parents and siblings. (Miosi et al, 2014)

Synthesis of the Review Related Literature and Studies

The past related literature and studies helped the researchers to understand more

regarding the impact of being a Student Worker to the Personal Relationship of a student.

Several past studies and literatures, mentioned that student worker is an important

global issue and the main reason of high percentage of student worker is poverty. Student

worker continues to be negatively associated with the physical and psychological health

of children involved. Although no cause–effect relation can be established, as all studies

and literatures in this proponent documented higher prevalence of negative and positive

impact on their personal relationship and behaviors. In the Philippines, the number of

working students is high and according to Polytechnic University research paper working

while studying have negative effects to the student life and personal relationship. The

positive effects of being a student worker to the personal relationship of a student is more

being well independent person, ability to budget their own money, managing a schedule,

maturity, and gaining soft skills, such as communication and problem-solving skills.

Working students are very common nowadays and they say that time management is their
number one problem. The kind of responsibility as a working student is not easy but it is

a big help for them to be productive and professional someday.

In addition, if government will know their struggles they might give them benefits

that can help them to lessen their struggles. Working students also deserve a help from

government because they are a role model not only for the youth but also to all the people

in our society. Despite having a lot of struggles they are still fighting just to be successful

in life and people should see their sacrifices, struggles, and hardships because it will

serve as an inspiration for the people to work hard also.

This study helps the researchers to recognize the Impact of being a Working

Student on the Personal Relationships of a Student.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter will present the researcher the methodology and the procedure

engaged in the study. The following part includes the research design used in the conduct

of the study, the research instrument, the participants, procedure followed and techniques.

Methods of Research

A Correlational Research is used to determine whether having a part-time job

while studying has an effect to the personal relationship of a student. The student work or

part-time job will serve as the independent variable of the study. The dependent variable

is the result of the assessment with regards to the personal relationship of a student in

terms of intimacy. A Correlational research is a type of non-

experimental research method in which a researcher measures two variables, understands

and assesses the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any

extraneous variable. Correlational research design measures a relationship between

two variables without the researcher controlling either of them. (McCombes, 2019). It

aims to find out whether there is either: significant relationship between the two variables

or both variables are not affecting each other. The proponents of the research decided to

use this type of research method to give a more reliable and accurate study.

Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

The proponents of the research purposively selected 46 Grade 12 students in

Eusebio High School during the academic school year 2019 – 2020 which were utilized

in the study. The researchers find the Purposive Sampling method appropriate to

accumulate respondents who will have the best and most reliable responses for the

conducted quantitative study.

STRAND Population Percentage Sample

ABM 173 38.79% 16

HUMSS 190 42.60% 27

STEM 83 18.61% 3

Total 446 100% 46

Figure 2: Population and Sample of the Respondents

Figure 2 showed the population, percentage and sample. The whole population is

446 students and the sample is 46.

Description of Respondents

The chosen research respondents from the study are the officially enrolled Grade

11 students in Eusebio High School for the school year 2019 – 2020. There are five (5)

sections from Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), two (2) sections from Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and four (4) sections from

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM). The proponents of the researcher

utilized the said respondents as for they are the ones who committed themselves in a part-

time job while studying. They have greater potential, knowledge and exposure to bring

out the best responses for the said research.

Research Instruments

The research instrument used survey/questionnaire utilizing Likert Scale

(Frequency) and Inclusion of the other in the Self (IOS) Scale. As stated by McLeod

(2019), Likert scale is a five (or seven) point scale which is used to allow the individual

to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. In addition to

measuring statements of agreement, Likert scales can measure other variations such as

frequency, quality, importance, and likelihood, etc. The single item Inclusion of Other in

the Self (IOS) scale on the other hand is used to measure how close the respondent feels

with another person or group and was developed by social psychologist Arthur Aron and

colleagues (1992), conforming to Stanford Academy.

The survey/questionnaire is divided into 3 main parts: One Item Semi-Structured

Question, Likert Frequency Scale and IOS Scale. The One Item Semi-Structured

Question will help the researchers identify the student’s reason for committing to part-
time jobs. The Likert Frequency Scale contains Five (5) questions which are inclined to

the researcher’s statement of the problem and will have two (2) variation modified to

assess the respondent’s personal relationship with his/her friends, and family. The IOS

Scale on the other hand will help the proponents of the research to identify the intimacy

level of the students with his/her classmate, colleague and family before and during their

commitment to part-time jobs.

The researchers employed a five-point Likert Frequently Scale. This scale fall

within the ordinal level of measurement where 1 = always, 2 = often, 3 = sometimes, 4 =

seldom and 5 = never. Therefore lower scale score means higher relationship value and

higher scale score will signify lower relationship value.

For the intimacy level the proponents of the research utilized an IOS Scale. The

respondents will see seven pairs of circles that range from just touching to almost

completely over lapping. One circle in each pair is labeled ‘self’ and the second circle is

labeled ‘x’. The respondents will choose one of the seven pairs with different degrees of

overlap to answer the question, ‘Which best describes your relationship?’ This scale fall

within the ordinal level of measurement where 1 = no overlap, 2 = little overlap, 3 =

some overlap, 4 = equal overlap, 5 = strong overlap, 6 = very strong overlap and 7 = most

overlap. The lower ordinal number will indicate low intimacy level and the higher ordinal

number will indicate higher intimacy level.

 Survey Questionnaire

We are the researchers from grade 12 HUMSS - N. Joaquin from Eusebio High

school currently conducting a research entitled THE IMPACT OF CHIL LABOUR TO

THE GRADE 12 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENTS OF EUSEBIO

HIGH SCHOOL.

We are asking for your permission to answer our survey honestly and seriously.

This will be the way of our gathering information to answer some certain questions about

our study.

Your response to our research are highly appreciated, thank you and God bless.

1. Why did you start working part-time?

 Because I need money

  Because I want to gain experience

 Because it is inclined to my career path

 Because I have nothing to do

 Others (Please Specify):

I. Personal Relationship to his/her Friend

Shown below is an Inclusion of the other in the Self (IOS) Scale. The more it

overlaps the more closeness it signifies your relationship. Kindly circle which best

describes your friendship.

 Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

1. I share my personal information (Full Name,

Age, Birthday, etc.) to my friends.

2. I can free myself up from my schedule if my

friend is in trouble.

3. I can tell my personal problems to my friends

and trusts them not to disclose it to other

people.
4. I chat, call and video call my friends like how

we often do when I wasn’t a working student.

5. I can attend group meet ups despite my hectic

schedule

II. Personal Relationship to his/her Family

Never (5) Rarely (4) Sometimes (3) Often (2) Always

(1)
1. I see to it that I have time to

spend for my family

2. I tell my family what

happened to my day
3. I open up my problems with

my family.
4. I am updated to what is

happening to each member of

my family.
5. I listen to my family’s opinion
whenever I have a decision to

make.
Shown below is an Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) Scale. The more it overlaps

the more closeness it signifies your relationship. Kindly circle which best describes your

Familial Relationship.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first part of the data gathering procedure is the collection of information to

where the respondents are drawn. The researchers reach out to the Grade 12 class

presidents to ask for the total population of their section and the names of their

classmates who are working student or have experienced being one. While getting the

respondents the researchers created a survey/questionnaire to answer the statement of the

problem and were sended to Ms. Mary Jane Solpico for validation.

After getting both the total population and the list of respondents, the proponents

of the research started contacting the respondents for approval and also to collect
information as to what is the most convenient time for them to conduct the research to

give consideration and respect to the student’s time. The researcher sought for the

teacher’s permission as well.

As soon as the researcher’s survey/questionnaire was validated by Ms. Mary Jane

Solpico and got approval from the teacher, the researchers started distributing the

survey/questionnaire virtually and carefully explained how to answer the instrument

including some important reminders. The accomplished answers were virtually retrieved

as well, following the standards of the new normal due to the sudden COVID – 19

outbreaks.

Statistical Treatment

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the

collected data from the Grade 12 students of Eusebio High School in determining the

Impact of being a Working Student on the Personal Relationship of a Student. This

chapter presents the different data tables being analyzed and interpreted as it answers the

questions of the statement of the problem.

Statement of the Problem Number 1

What caused the students to commit to part-time jobs?

Frequency and Percentage of the Factors Affecting Frequency Percentage (%)

Students to Commit to Part-Time Jobs

Because I need money 24 52

Because I want to gain experience 16 35

Because it is inclined to my career path 5 11

Because I have nothing to do 1 2

Others 0 0

Total 46 100%

Figure 3: Frequency and Percentage of the Factors Affecting Students to Commit to

Part-Time Jobs

Shown in figure 3 is the frequency and percentage of the factors affecting the

students to commit to part-time jobs. The Grade 12 working students were asked what

caused them to commit to part time job. They were to choose between the 4 choices

given by the researchers (because I need money, because I want to gain experience,
because it is inclined to my career path and because I have nothing to do) excluding the

‘others’ where they were allowed to state their personal reason. The most chosen reason

was because they need money with a total of 24 frequencies. Next is because they want to

gain experience with 16 frequencies, because it is inclined to their career path with 5 and

I have nothing to do ranking lowest with 1.

Statement of the Problem Number 2

What is the impact of being a working student to their:

2.1 Friendship?

2.2 Familial Relationship?

Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation P-Value

Friendship 4.85 Strong Overlap 0.16

Familial Relationship 5.30 Very Strong Overlap 0.27

Figure 4: The Mean, Verbal Interpretation and P-Value of the Student’s response to

the Closeness of their Relationship with Friends and Family.

 Figure 4 displays the means of the student’s response to IOS Scale to compute the

P-Value, which indicates their closeness with the two factors (Friendship and Familial

Relationship). The p-value of the student’s relationship with their friends are 0.16 and

0.27 for their relationship with family. Both the p-value of the two factors is greater than

0.05, this indicates that there is no significant difference between the working student to

their friendship and familial relationship.

Statement of the Problem Number 3

Is there a significant relationship between being a student worker and their

personal relationships?

Weighted Mean P-value

Friendship 2.60 0.10

Familial Relationship 2.62

Figure 5: The P-value of the Personal Relationship of the Students.

Figure 5 reveals the weighted means and the p-value of the student’s personal

relationship with their family and friends. The p-value is 0.10. Since the p-value is

greater than 0.05, it indicates no significant difference between being a student worker

and their personal relationships. The value of r falls into negligible correlation.
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter of the study presents the summary of the study, as well as the

possible conclusions of the study. This chapter also contains some Recommendation to

fix or to solve the problem stated on the previous chapters.

Summary of Findings

A correlational research was conducted among the selected 46 Grade 12 students

of Eusebio High School. The research was about the Impact of being a Working student

to their Personal Relation of a Student. A survey questionnaire was given to them and

these were the results of the data that the researchers gathered:

1. Most of the respondents work for money and with a total vote of 24. Nearly half

or 16 students’ votes for gaining experience, next 5 votes for inclined to their

career path, and I have nothing to do get a lowest vote with a total of 1 vote only.

2. The p-value of the student’s relationship with their friends are 0.16, and for the

familial relationship are 0.27. The p-value of two components is greater than 0.05.
 It data shows, that there is no significant difference between the working student

to their friendship and familial relationship.

3. Based on the findings that the researcher’s data gathered, the value of r is

negligible correlation. The p-value is 0.10, and the p-value is greater than 0.05, it

specify no significant relationship between a working student to their Personal

Relation with friends and family.

Conclusion

After the study, the data that the researchers gathered and tallied are enough for

them to conclude that:

1. Over half of the population of grade 12 students says that the most of the

working students commit to part-time jobs because they need to earn money,

and some of respondents choose to gain experience, and for their chosen

career path.

2. The results of data gathered indicates that there is no significant difference

between the working student to their friendship and familial relationship.

3. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between the

working student to their Personal Relationship with friends and family.

Recommendation
 On the basis of the findings and conclusions of this study, the recommendations of

the researchers are the following.

1. The future researchers should conduct descriptive research determining the

factors affecting the students to commit to part-time jobs to identify more factors

aside from poverty, field experience, interest and boredom.

2. The future researchers should find another option as to how the financially

troubled students will address their problem aside from being a working student.

3. The future researchers should conduct a case study that would determine the daily

life of the Student Workers to further understand how student working affect the

student's personal relationship.

4. The future researchers are recommended to create quasi-experimental research to

the Personal Relationship of students, before working and while being a part-

timer to further understand the impact of being a working student on their

personal relationship.

5. The future researchers should use another variable aside from the personal

relationship for the students to know if being a working student is beneficial or

not.

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