“THE IMPACT OF SLEEP INSUFFICIENCY ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS OF ILOCOS NORTE

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL”

A Qualitative Research
Senior High School Department
ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Laoag City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the subject Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

by:

REINA ANGEL E. REMILLA

MONTSE ATHEENA L. NALUNDASAN
KEZIAH KEREN P. PASION
JOHN SIMON C. SANTIAGO
SAMUEL PIOLO H. TIRONA
JOHN ROTRIX T. TUMANENG
NIÑA JEMIMA GHAYLE D. VALDEZ

GRADE 12-STEM SALCEDO

June 2021
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled “THE IMPACT OF SLEEP INSUFFICIENCY ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS OF ILOCOS NORTE
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL” prepared and submitted by Remilla, Reina E.,
Nalundasan, Montse L., Pasion, Keziah P., Santiago, John C., Tumaneng, John T.,
Tirona, Samuel H., Valdez, Niña D., is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval of
ORAL EXAMINATION.

MR. JOHN MICHAEL B. LUMABAO

Teacher, Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

Chairman

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Inquiries,
Investigations, and Immersion of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Strand (STEM)

Date: _____________________

BASILISA VICTORINA P. MANDAC, MAED - Mathematics

Assistant School Principal II

ii
 DEDICATION

Time, efforts and hard work were spent to obtain the success of this study. Shared

skills and abilities were shared by the researchers to strive and to make the study useful and

worthy for all those whom they dedicate their accomplishments to.

This study is dedicated to the students, who contributed and cooperated to make this

study a success.

To our friends, who showed their efforts and helped us to accomplish this study.

To our families, who gave us their full support, financially, mentally and

encouragement from the making of the manuscript until the completion of the study, this

success is yours.

To the Almighty God, who always gives us strength and wisdom to finish this study.

We offer you this triumph.

RAEM
MALN
KKPP
JSCS
SPHT
JRTT
NJGDV

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their earnest gratitude to all the people behind

the success of this research:

Ms. Preciousa E. Ramos and Mr. John Michael B. Lumabao, for sharing their

expertise and giving guidance all the way through the process;

The researchers’ family, for the resources, help, love, trust they have given;

To the members of the panel, who shared their ideas and offered guidance and

support throughout the completion of the paper;

To the researchers’ friends, for helping us find respondents and supported us through

the process;

To all the respondents, for their cooperation and support towards the success of the

study;

To the Almighty, for the wisdom, and the providence they received to conquer every

challenge and trial.

To God be all the glory.

RAER
MALN
KKPP
JSCS
JRTT
SPFT
NJGDV

iv
THE IMPACT OF SLEEP INSUFFICIENCY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS OF ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Remilla, Reina Angel E., Nalundasan, Montse Atheena L., Pasion, Keziah Keren P.,
Santiago, John Simon C., Tirona, Samuel Piolo H., Tumaneng, John Rotrix T., and
Valdez, Niña Jemima Ghayle D.

Ilocos Norte National High School, Laoag City, Philippines

Mr. John Michael B. Lumabao

Teacher, Inquiries, Investigation, and Information

ABSTRACT

This study is undertaken to determine the impacts of sleep insufficiency on the

academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High School.

Specifically, it aimed to determine the perception of the students regarding the impacts of

sleep insufficiency on the academic performances, factors of sleep insufficiency, as well as

their way to enhance their sleeping patterns.

The research sampling that was utilized to identify the respondents of the study was

purposive sampling design. Thirty (30) grade 12 students under the academic track of Ilocos

Norte National High School, Senior High Department (INNHS-SHS) were chosen depending

on the qualifications needed in the study. The survey-questionnaire was conducted through an

online process.

The researchers determined the perception of students of sleep insufficiency, where

most of the respondents view it as something that always results in negative effects to

themselves. The study evaluated the association of sleep insufficiency on the academic

performance of the Grade 12 STEM students.

Based on the analysis and results yielded in the study, the researchers therefore

concluded that sleep insufficiency is still a huge factor on the performance of the Grade 12

v
STEM students of INNHS. The results suggest regular sleep patterns may promote learning

and academic performance.

Hence, the researchers recommended that sleep health education should be part of

high school curriculum to increase awareness. In addition to that, parents should take time to

monitor their children’s sleeping routine. The research study can lay the groundwork for

future studies on the topic of sleep deprivation and should be further explored and broadened.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES

CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 4
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Delimitation 5
Definition of Terms 6
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 7
Related Literature 7
Related Studies 11
III. METHODOLOGY 14
Research Design 14
Data Gathering Procedure 14
Data Analysis 16
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

17
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 27
Summary 27
Conclusion 28
Recommendations 28
LITERATURE CITED 30
APPENDICES 45
CURRICULUM VITAE 39

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Perceptions of Grade 12 STEM Students of Ilocos 19

Norte National High School on the Impact of Sleep
Insufficiency in their Academic Performance.

2. Factors that contribute to the causes of sleep 20

insufficiency of the Grade 12 STEM Students of Ilocos
Norte National High School.

3. Effects of sleep insufficiency among Grade 12 STEM 23

Students of Ilocos Norte National High School on their
academic performance.

4. Coping mechanisms on sleep insufficiency of Grade 12 24

STEM Students of Ilocos Norte National High School.

5. Raw Data of Section and Numbers 1-3 (Number 1 and 35

2 Research Question)

6. Raw Data of Section and Numbers 4-6 (Number 2, 3 37

and 4 Research Questions)

viii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

A. Letter to the Assistant Principal 3

B. Letter to the Respondents 3

C. Survey Questionnaire 3

D. Raw Data 3

1
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM RATIONALE

This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It includes the

background of the study, the statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope

and delimitation of the study.

Introduction

Adequate sleep of high quality and optimum duration facilitates memory processing

and learning. It helps maintain concentration, executive cognitive functions, sensory motor

integration, and memory processing. Sleep patterns and habits are different for different

individuals depending on their age, occupational demands, social engagements, psychiatric

and somatic conditions, and also individual physiological characteristics. Sleep is thought to

play a crucial and specific role in memory consolidation. Although the exact mechanisms

behind the relationship between sleep, memory, and neuro-plasticity are yet unknown, the

general understanding is that specific synaptic connections that were active during awake-

periods are strengthened during sleep, allowing for the consolidation of memory, and synaptic

connections that were inactive are weakened. Thus, sleep provides an essential function for

memory consolidation (allowing us to remember what has been studied), which in turn is

critical for successful academic performance.

Students today have such busy schedules, however if they better understood the

possible effects that this can have on their brain and in turn on their lives, then perhaps they

would take a deeper look into their sleep habits. Since it appears that sleep affects the body in

many ways, it seems imperative that the effects on a student's academic performance be

researched.

2
Background of Study

Students report significantly worse quality of sleep, including inconsistent sleep

schedules and sleep deprivation, than the general population. Sufficient amount and good

quality of sleep are basic human needs. It has a significant role in enhancing cognitive skills,

especially retention. Having adequate sleep does not only include the feeling of being well-

rested, but sleep is also essential for the nervous system to function properly. On the other

hand, inadequate sleep quality affects the physical and cognitive health of students. It causes

the loss of concentration, and can lead to memory impairment and compromised physical and

academic performances. In addition, insufficient sleep can also leave students more

vulnerable to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.

Students tend to sacrifice sleep to participate in social and academic commitments

contributing to constantly changing sleep routines and poor sleeping habits. All of these

factors may affect aspects of the average student's life including mood, immune system

function, and even substance abuse (Orzech, Salafsky, & Hamilton, 2011).

Examination anxiety, late-night studying, social activities, computer-based

applications, part-time jobs, and internet overuse might be among the potential causes of

irregular sleep-wake patterns or inadequate sleep-in students. Irregular sleep-wake cycles

have been shown to be characterized by great phase delays on weekends and short sleep

duration on weekdays. According to Dr. Kushida (2017), the factors such as self-reported

shortened sleep time, erratic sleep/wake schedules, late bed and rise times, and poor sleep

quality have been found to be negatively associated with school performance for adolescents

from middle school through college. Thus, there is ample evidence to indicate that the lack of

adequate night time sleep can lead to disturbances in brain function, which in turn, can lead to

poor academic performance.

3
 In a study conducted by Kelly (2001), sleep deprivation affects students’ ability to

perform well in class in a significant way. People who slept for nine hours or more in a 24-

hour period had much higher GPAs than those who slept for less than six hours in the same

time period. Also, students who slept for less than six hours showed signs of anxiety, neurotic

feelings, lack of creativity, and more prone to hallucination.

Sleep patterns and habits are different for different individuals depending on their age,

occupational demands, social engagements, psychiatric and somatic conditions, and also

individual physiological characteristics (Lemma, 2012). According to Segaren (2018), most

students probably know that depriving themselves from sleep is bad, but nonetheless they’re

willing to sacrifice sleep and as a consequence, their health and academic performances are

getting affected.

Sleep hygiene practices are one of the important variables that affect sleep quality.

Many activities are considered as proper sleep hygiene that promotes good sleep. Some of

them include the followings: 1) avoiding caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol near the bed time, 2)

avoiding napping as an occasional pattern, 3) maintaining a regular sleep and wake time, 4)

keeping bedroom comfortable and quiet, and 5) avoiding highly demanding activities in

bedroom (Brick, 2010).

In most studies insufficient sleep and irregular sleeping patterns have been extensively

documented in younger adolescents, and also close relationships between sleep quality and

physical and mental health have been shown. It has been suggested that intervention programs

for sleep disturbance in this population should be considered but there are not many

interventions in higher education regarding the formation of a positive study environment and

capacity to reach information aimed at increasing academic success of the students. It is

advised that students should comprehend the negative effects of sleep deprivation on

academics. It is necessary to take adequate measures to improve the sleep quality and to not

4
risk academic performances. Thus, this study aims to know the impacts of sleep insufficiency

on the academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High

School.

Statement of the Problem

Sleep plays an integral part for students’ well-being because it assists in the process of

learning and retaining information (Anjum, Bajwa, & Saeed, 2014). This study generally aims

to determine the impact of sleep insufficiency on the academic performance of Grade 12

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students of Ilocos Norte

National High School (INNHS).

Specifically, it aims to obtain answers from the following questions:

1. What is the perception of Grade 12 STEM students of INNHS on the impact of

sleep insufficiency on their academic performance?

2. How do the Grade 12 STEM students of INNHS define sleep deprivation and what

factors do they think contribute to it?

3. Why is the academic performance of the Grade 12 STEM students of INNHS

greatly affected by experiencing sleep insufficiency?

4. What do Grade 12 STEM students of INNHS find useful for enhancing their sleep

patterns?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to learn the impacts of sleep insufficiency on the academic

performance of Grade 12 STEM Students of Ilocos Norte National High School, the result of

the study will be beneficial to the following:

5
 Students. The study will provide information that will raise the awareness of each

student regarding the impacts of sleep insufficiency on their academic performance. This

study will also make the students assess themselves to be able to understand and improve their

time management skills. Making them take action and refrain from having a bad performance

in their studies.

Parents. For them to be aware of the situation of their child regarding their sleep habits.

It will give them a hint on how they encourage their child to be more productive on their time

to refrain from procrastination.

Teachers. The study would help them develop their motivational and teaching strategies,

methods, and skills so that students can complete their assignments without having to stay up

late at night.

Respondents. The respondents would be aware of the impacts of sleep insufficiency

regarding their academic performance.

Researchers. The study would make the researchers thoroughly understand sleep

insufficiency and its effect on the academic performance of the students.

Future Researchers. The study will help the future researchers to provide more

information and will serve as a basis to get a better view of the topic.

Scope and Delimitations

The study is designed to have a thorough knowledge about and focused on the impact of

sleep insufficiency on the academic performance of students. The respondents will be from

Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High School in total of 40 respondents.

This study seeks to survey students’ perspectives on the impact caused by sleep insufficiency

on their academic performance.

6
 This study will be conducted during the home-based learning period of the students

due to the incapability to have classes that are face to face.They will be given a set of

questions to answer in order to come up with the data that will be used in the formulation of

results and conclusion of the research.

Definition of Terms

This section deals with the definition of certain terms used in this study which are

considered unfamiliar and thus, needed to be defined for better understanding.

These terms are arranged in alphabetical order as follows:

Academic Performance. The extent to which a student has attained in their short or

long-term educational goals.

Impact. Having a strong effect on someone or something

Significant. Having meaning, influence or importance.

Sleep Insufficiency. Happens when sleep is not enough to support adequate alertness,

performance and health.

Sleep Habits. Behavior pertaining to time to bed, time to rise, drinking coffee at night,

duration of night sleep and consumption of sleeping pills.

Sleep Pattern. A biological rhythm that guides the body as to when it should sleep

and when it should wake.

7
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies that show relevance to the

present study and will serve as a guide and support for this study.

Related Literature

Sleep and Academic Performance

Sleep is an inextricable part of human health and life, and is pivotal to learning and

practice as well as physical and mental health. Studies have suggested that insufficient sleep,

increased frequency of short-term sleep, and going to sleep late and getting up early affect the

learning capacity, academic performance, and neurobehavioral functions. Previous studies

have indicated that the quantity of sleep reported by individuals as delayed or inappropriate

sleep, waking up too late, especially at weekends and daytime sleepiness is associated with

compromised academic performance in children and adults.  One of the high-risk groups,

established in the literature, for being affected by disorders of sleep are students. Literature

has extensively reported high prevalence of poor sleep quality among students. The

relationship between delayed starting time of classes and academic success have been

emphasized by some studies.

Reduced overnight sleep or altered sleep patterns has been associated with severe

drowsiness and failure in academic success. However, not many researchers have studied the

consequences of inadequate sleep quality. It has been proposed that sleep deprivation causes

depression, agitation, apathy, and poor academic performance in students. According to

Curcio, Ferrara, and Gennaro (2006), sleep loss was negatively correlated with academic

performance.

8
 They found that sleep-deprived students performed poorly on learning capacity skills

such as attention, memory, and problem-solving tasks, and that the lack of sleep therefore

affected their academic performance. Moreover, sleep loss resulted in daytime sleepiness that

was also correlated with poor academic performance. Reduced total sleeping hours have been

associated with declining academic performance. 

According to Bello & Gumarao (2016), whether internal or external, academic

performance is affected by several factors. Stress is one of the factors that affect the academic

performance of students. A study conducted by Crego et al. (2016) stated that academic stress

might compromise students' performance. Increased stress leads to decreasing performance,

increasing stress (Kötter et al., 2017). With this, stress is revealed to have a significant

relationship with academic performance. According to N & Shastri (2016), stress sources

among high and low academic performance students. The findings of the study revealed that

the majority of the students' perceived education was stressful. High and low academic

performing students and pure and applied science students differed significantly from stress

sources. The study's implications and suggestions were discussed, and an enrichment program

on stress management was employed.

Sleep and Learning Behaviors

Learning Behaviors are learned acts that enable students to access learning and

productively engage with others in the group. These habits are formed both inside and outside

of the classroom. Understanding and controlling feelings, forming and sustaining good

relationships, and making wise choices are all important life skills that Learning Behaviors

will help with.

Students learn best in active social classrooms where they negotiate understanding

through engagement and a variety of approaches, by linking new information with knowledge

and concepts they already know. Instructors can assist students in developing conceptual
9
structures that are profoundly integrated, transferable, and based on strong memory and

ability foundations. (Yale PCTL, 2021). Among the numerous influencing factors of

academic achievement, such as socioeconomic factors, parent factors, peer factors, and school

factors, the academic or learning behavior of students is an equally significant factor in

determining the academic achievement of students. It involves a student's perspective, choice,

perseverance, learning efforts, and how he or she interacts with the people who make up the

school community. (Rogel, I.R, 2012).

Sleep-deprived people's brain waves lapse into brief sleep-like patterns when they're

awake. That explains why tired students tend to “zone out” in class. Children who do not get

enough sleep are prone to being easily distracted. They will make careless mistakes. They will

also struggle to focus on schoolwork and what the teacher is saying. (Harstad, E., 2021). Total

sleep deprivation has negative effects on brain function, especially in the frontal lobe (which

controls alertness, attention, decision-making, and cognitive processes) and the thalamus.

Reduced inhibition of action, decision making, divergent thought, and working memory are

among the effects of sleep deprivation.

Sleeping Habits and Duration

It is known that adults need 7 or more hours of sleep per night for the best well-being

and health. People are plagued with nights of no sleep at all. With a healthy lifestyle and

simple behavior changes can help you get a good night’s rest. Here are a few healthy sleep

habits: Setting a consistent sleep schedule, creating regular bedtime rituals, getting regular

exercise, keeping a healthy diet, limiting caffeine and avoiding nicotine, avoiding alcohol,

keeping naps short, and lastly using your bedroom for sleep only. It has shown that if you are

having trouble sleeping, check your sleep hygiene, a healthy sleep habit would get you a good

sleep.

10
 Short sleep is defined as less than 7 hours of sleep per night. In 2014, short sleep

duration (less than 7 hours) was less common among respondents aged ≥65 years (26.3%)

compared with other age groups. The age-adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration was

higher among Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (46.3%), non-Hispanic blacks (45.8%),

multiracial non-Hispanics (44.3%), and American Indians/Alaska Natives (40.4%) compared

with non-Hispanic whites (33.4%), Hispanics (34.5%), and Asians (37.5%). Short sleep

prevalence did not differ between men and women. Adults who were short sleepers (less than

7 hours of sleep per 24-hour period) were more likely to report being obese, physically

inactive, and current smokers compared to people who got enough sleep (7 or more hours per

24-hour period). (Hirshkowitz, M., et al. 2015) stated that sleep duration ranges, expressed as

hours of sleep per day, as recommended, may be appropriate or not recommended. The study

has concluded the following sleep duration recommendation: 14-17 hours for newborns, 12-

15 hours, for infants, 11-14 hours for toddlers, 10-13 hours for preschoolers, 9-11 hours for

school-aged children, 8-10 hours for teenagers. For young adults and adults, it is

recommended 7-9 hours, while it is 7-8 hours for older adults. These conclusions were based

on the consensus for sleep duration recommendations that was reached for specific age

groupings.

In a sample of 191 undergraduates at a rural southern university, they found that most

of the students exhibited some form of sleep disturbance in which most women are reported

more sleep disturbed than of men. They suggested that colleges and university officials can

alter procedures to minimize students’ sleep disturbances and that they would reduce

deleterious effects of sleep insufficiency on their academic achievements. (Buboltz Jr, W. C.,

Brown, F., & Soper, B. (2001).

11
Related Studies

Shochat et al. (2014) propose that despite the fact that a vast amount of time in

adolescence is spent learning and improving education, there is a large gap in research

examining the relationship of sleep to academic functioning and performance.

The relationship between sleep and cognitive function has been a topic of interest for

over a century. Sleep plays an important and crucial role in memory consolidation, which can

be critical for successful academic performance. In addition, lack of sleep has been linked to

poor attention and cognition. Well-controlled sleep deprivation studies have shown that lack

of sleep not only increases fatigue and sleepiness but also worsens cognitive performance. In

general, sleep is associated with academic performance in school. Sleep inconsistency tends

to be the greatest adolescents and young adults who stay up all night but are constrained by

strict morning schedules. Those who experience greater sleep inconsistency are the

adolescents, which can lead them to perform worse in school.

According to Raley, H. (2016) “The Impact of Duration of Sleep on Academic

Performance in University Students” Most students are reported to have worse quality of

sleep, including inconsistent sleep schedules and sleep deprivation, than the general

population. They also suffer from a greater amount of daytime sleepiness than the general

population. Students also report significantly fewer total hours of sleep each night than the

daily-recommended amount, for their age group, to promote normal cognitive

functioning. Research is increasingly showing that more and more students are not getting

enough sleep, which can have a negative impact on their grades. Among the reasons for these

changes in sleeping patterns are increased part-time working hours, pulling all-nighters to

finish a paper or cram for an exam, and watching television at bedtime.

The amount of sleep adults need varies from person to person because it is determined

by different factors including age and the individual’s brain biology. The benefits of sufficient
12
sleep not only include the feeling of being well-rested, but sleep is also necessary for our

nervous system to function properly.

Students are considered a population that is particularly prone to sleep-related

problems. From the various countries' studies, they have documented a high prevalence of

sleep disturbances among medical students, as well as sleep deprivation, poor sleep quality

and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Approximately 8% of the students reported

acquiring sleep during the day time and not the night time while 30% of the students said to

have poor sleep quality. Moreover, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was 40% and 33% of

the students had insomnia symptoms. As a result, there are significant associations between

stress, poor sleep quality and EDS. In addition, symptoms of insomnia may lead to poor

academic performance and stress.

We rise in a society called “24/7 lifestyle” and it has direct adverse consequences for

individuals, specifically in sleep deprivation. Insufficient sleep is so common and has been

claimed to be a “public health epidemic”. Correspondingly, as one means of coping with the

24/7 lifestyle, thus the intake of caffeine is ascending. Caffeine is the world’s most widely

used psychoactive substance, being consumed daily mainly in coffee, cola beverages, or tea

by a large (~80%). Sleep deprivation and caffeine are both shown to have a profound impact

on human performance. Considering that sleep deprivation acts as a

performance impairment overall and caffeine on the other hand can act as a performance

enhancement.  The influence of sleep deprivation and the influence of caffeine on

performance are common in work contexts, particularly those who follow a 24/7 lifestyle.

Dr. Kushida, et al. (2017) “College students: getting enough sleep is vital to academic

success” stated some adverse effects of poor sleep among students with regards to their

success in school: Sleepiness and poor sleep quality are prevalent among students, affecting

their academic performance and daytime functioning; Students with symptoms of sleep

13
disorders are more likely to receive poor grades in classes such as math, reading and writing

than peers without symptoms of sleep disorders; Students with insomnia have significantly

more mental health problems than college students without insomnia; Students with medical-

related majors are more likely to have poorer quality of sleep in comparison to those with a

humanities major; Students who pull “all-nighters” are more likely to have a lower GPA; and

Students who stay up late on school nights and make up for it by sleeping late on weekends

are more likely to perform poorly in the classroom. 

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), the best way to

maximize performance on final exams is to both study and get a good night of sleep. In

addition, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2021), stated some tips

to avoid sleeping problems such as including a sleeping schedule, exercising, avoiding

caffeine and other stimulants and seeking help from your doctor if you have continued

sleeping problems.

Students should continue to be educated about sleep hygiene skills. But in addition to

that, they would be taught the physiological signs and symptoms of sleep deprivation so that

they can identify when their quality of sleep is not at its best. An education piece about

influences that negatively impact sleep such as avoiding caffeine consumption in the evening

hours and not studying while lying in bed would also be included on this sleep hygiene

educational program. Students can elect to practice all of these skills, or only skills they find

are beneficial to promote their own healthy sleeping habits. (Raley, H., Naber, J., Cross, S., &

Perlow, M., 2016)

14
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, presented are the different methods that were used by the researchers

in the making of the research, in choosing respondents who can meet the objectives of the

study, data gathering and evaluating the data gathered.

Research Design

This study used phenomenology as its research design. The basic aim of the method is

to explain the essence of the phenomenon being studied as it involves the consideration of

each individual's perception of a specific problem. This study was conducted

phenomenologically to evaluate the impact of sleep insufficiency on the academic

performance of the Grade 12 students at Ilocos Norte National High School, particularly

STEM students. It aims to understand the commonality of the students’ experience in

learning.

Phenomenology research design is relevant to our study to disclose the various

perceptions of the students impact of sleep insufficiency on their academic performance. This

research design is generally preferred to the study since the research study dealt with textual

data. The study was undertaken in a natural setting that sought to provide an understanding

and explanation of the context in terms of the interpretation presented by the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

General Procedure

Before conducting the study, the researchers asked for permission from the Assistant

Principal of Ilocos Norte National High School by writing a letter of request. The researchers

15
have provided the respondents with a letter informing them about the study and asking for

their honesty and cooperation.

The researchers developed their questionnaire so as to serve its intended respondents.

The questionnaire consists of a number of questions that were made based on the objectives of

the study regarding the perception of the students on the impact of sleep insufficiency on their

academic performance. The questionnaire was finalized and approved. After which, it was

distributed to the respondents through google forms to gather pertinent data for the study. The

grade 12 STEM students who were the respondents of the study were given ample time to

answer the questionnaire.

After the respondents answered the questionnaire, the researchers proceeded on

coding, classifying and tallying the data gathered. The data analyzed whether they had

answered questions raised in the study.

Sampling Procedure

This qualitative study utilized purposive sampling design. The members of the

population were not given an equal chance of being included in the sample because the

researchers purposely choose STEM students of INNHS as their respondents. A sample of

thirty (30) respondents were selected from a population of 133 Grade 12 STEM students. The

researchers identify that STEM students have the certain qualities needed and would

correspond as the respondents for this study. The researchers also believe that the respondents

can give their descriptions and perceptions regarding the research objectives which tackles the

impacts of sleep insufficiency to the academic performance of the Grade 12 STEM students.

Participants of the Study

There were 30 chosen grade 12 STEM students who served as the respondents of the

study. The chosen respondents are those who may have a particular knowledge and perception

16
of the students on the impact of sleep insufficiency on their academic performance. They were

given a set of questions to answer and to provide the researchers the data needed in order to

answer the research objectives of this study.

Data Gathering Instrument

Questionnaire was utilized to gather the data needed for this study. A questionnaire is

a research method composed of a collection of questions for the purpose of obtaining data

from respondents. (McLeod, 2018). It is used to obtain information about the thoughts,

feelings, perceptions of the respondents regarding the impacts of sleep insufficiency on the

academic performance of students. The questionnaire contained open-ended questions that

were based on the objectives of the study. This method helps in addressing the research

problem of this qualitative study.

Data Analysis

After the questionnaires were retrieved, the responses were thoroughly used by the

researchers. Content analysis was used to interpret the findings. This approach is intended to

assess the existence of some terms, concepts or ideas within the results. The overall responses

were coded, classified and tallied through collation. This helped in comparing individual

answers more quickly and effectively. The responses were verified and the researchers will

gather the important data from the questionnaire that was applicable in answering the research

questions.

17
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered on the

impact of sleep insufficiency on the academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students of

Ilocos Norte National High School.

The researchers used a questionnaire as their data gathering instrument. The study was

conducted online last June 2021 due to the pandemic. There were 30 participants of the study

from the Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High School (INNHS), they were

chosen based on the qualifications essential for the study. The questionnaire was sent online,

giving the respondents 5 days to accomplish the survey. The responses were then gathered

and tabulated. Data collected was analyzed in a qualitative fashion with a thematic approach.

In the case of this research study, raw qualitative data came in the form of narratives provided

by the respondents as written answers to the open-ended survey questions. Using a thematic

approach, the trends and patterns that emerged from the narrative data were documented and

examined.

A number of themes emerged from the qualitative data. In reviewing the open-ended

questions where respondents provided their own narratives, distinct patterns from the core

ideas surrounding the target themes each question aimed to address were identified.

Table 1. Summary of the students’ perceptions on the impact of sleep insufficiency in

their academic performance.
DOMAIN CORE IDEA CATEGORIES

1. What is your perception Perceptions of Grade 12 a) Results to poor

on the impact of sleep STEM students on the academic

insufficiency in a student's impact of sleep insufficiency performance

18
academic performance? in a student's academic b) Harms the health of

performance the students

c) Leads to laziness

d) Lessens attentiveness

e) Leads to lack of

focus

f) Slows the process of

information

g) Affects the memory

Table 1 presents the perceptions of Grade 12 STEM students about the impacts of self

insufficiency to their academic performance. Most of the respondents stated that they perceive

sleep insufficiency to cause poor academic performance. A lot also said that it harms the

health of the students that experience it. Some also view it to lead to laziness and that it

lessens attentiveness. Some also said that it slows the process of information and that it affects

the memory. All of the responses perceive sleep insufficiency as something that badly affects

the students in different ways.

If the individual is routinely tired or sleepy during the daytime, odds are that he or she

is not getting enough sleep. To take it one step further, there are two primary factors that

affect the degree of daytime alertness: sleep quantity and sleep quality. For the student-age

population, sleep quantity and quality issues are both important. Sleep insufficiency exists

when sleep is insufficient to support adequate alertness, performance, and health, either

because of reduced total sleep time (decreased quantity) or fragmentation of sleep by brief

arousals (decreased quality).

Table 2. Summary of the factors that contribute to the causes of sleep insufficiency of
the Grade 12 STEM students.
19
DOMAIN CORE IDEA CATEGORIES

2. What are the factors that How do the Grade 12 STEM

a) Heavy School
contribute to the causes of students of INNHS define
requirements
sleep insufficiency of Grade sleep deprivation and what
b) Overthinking and
12 STEM students? factors do they think
stress
contribute to it?
c) Internet and games

2.1 How often do you How do the Grade 12 STEM a) Sleep insufficiency is

experience sleep students of INNHS define experienced daily

insufficiency in the course of sleep deprivation and what throughout the week

a week? factors do they think b) Sleep insufficiency

contribute to it? experienced during

weekends

c) Sleep insufficiency is

experienced 3-5

times a week

d) Rarely, or do not

experience sleep

insufficiency at all

2.2 How does sleep How do the Grade 12 STEM a) Laziness and out of

insufficiency affect your students of INNHS define focus

daily routine and what are sleep deprivation and what b) Unproductive

the effects of your factors do they think c) Affects the mental,

experience by your lack of contribute to it? emotional and

sleep? physical health

20
 d) Sleepy again after

waking up

In Table 2, Grade 12 students have described sleep deprivation as a situation wherein a

person lacks the amount of sleep to be able to focus on a certain task. Most students have

described that the most leading cause of their sleep deprivation is their school requirements

due to them being too many and students with piles and piles of project and assignments

eventually not being able to meet their deadlines are then forced to stay up all night and finish

so that they would have something to pass in order to graduate. The next one would be

overthinking and built-up stress of different problems causing them to not clear their mind

and sleep very comfortably leaving them with little hours of sleep. The last reason for their

sleep deprivation would be internet and games since social media and video games could

become very addicting to the point where they would not notice the time and still keep on

going even when the sun is almost up causing most students to be sleep deprived when they

wake up.

Getting enough sleep is an under-valued but crucial part of learning. Based on table

2.1, the responses of the Grade 12 STEM students of INNHS, majority of the students stated

that they experienced sleep insufficiency everyday over the course of a week. Some

respondents, 6 out of 30 stated that they experience sleep insufficiency half or three to five

days a week meaning that they don’t have a consistent sleeping schedule or their routine

depends on the activities that occurred. Self-control is essential since it allows individuals to

keep focused on their objective of bettering their sleeping habits. Another 6 out of 30 students

stated that they experience sleep insufficiency only on weekends. However, there are 3 out of

30 students who rarely or have not experienced sleep insufficiency at all during the course of

a week.

21
 The Table 2.2 shows the different effects of sleep insufficiency of the Grade 12 STEM

students at Ilocos Norte National High School on a daily routine. As indicated in table 2

domain 2.2, the majority of the students said that they become lazy throughout the day and

affects their attention span which makes them unable to do things they usually do. The second

group of students answered that it limits their productiveness, since their morning started with

just a small amount of sleep. Furthermore, the third group of students stated that due to sleep

deprivation, it affects their mental, emotional and physical health because it causes a slight

heaviness on their head and sometimes anxiety. The least number of students mentioned that

they feel sleepy again after waking up, which makes them feel tired already even though they

just woke up.

Many factors can disturb sleep in students. These include the environment with

physical, psychological, biological and social disruptions. Health care professionals need to

have a basic understanding of normal sleep development in populations and the contributing

factors to poor sleep experiences. Researchers, educators and health care professionals should

create a knowledge base regarding the extent to which sleep contributes to the health and

well-being of populations. There is a large gap in research examining the relationship of sleep

to academic functioning and performance. Brown et al. (2006), Chen et al.(2014), and

Hershner and Chervin (2014) suggest that there is a connection between quality of sleep and

students' academic performance. Giannotti et al. (2002) propose health concerns that can

present in sleep-deprived students, which include depression, fatigue, and difficulties with

attention, concentration, decision-making, learning, and facilitating memories. Orzech et al.

(2011) discuss how daytime sleepiness results in decreased attention and concentration, which

negatively impacts learning and memory recall in students. Chen et al. (2014) states that many

different variables in the students' sleep environment, such as intrusive light or noise, may

have an effect on their quality of sleep.

22
Table 3. Summary of the students’ responses about what are the effects of sleep
insufficiency on their academic performance.
DOMAIN CORE IDEA CATEGORIES

3. How is your academic Why is the academic

a) Late submission of
performance affected by performance of the Grade 12 outputs
sleep insufficiency? STEM students of INNHS b) Loss of concentration

greatly affected by and energy

experiencing sleep c) Mental health problems

d) Missing class attendance
insufficiency?

Students described sleep insufficiency as an important part in their final academic

performance and it plays a vital role in achieving a desired grade in their performance. It

affects how they go on about their day and during class when they do not have enough sleep

and eventually affects how they tackle on their academic requirements that have a deadline

closing in on them. With the new way of studying thanks to the current pandemic it is way

easier to miss class nowadays since there is no physical teacher from scolding us when we are

late but since we are now on online classes it now evident that students would most likely skip

class when they are sleep deprived.

A sleepy fatigued person is accident prone, judgement impaired and more likely to make

mistakes and bad decisions. Staying awake for 24 hours leads to a reduced hand-to-eye

coordination that is similar to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1. This is why sleep

deprivation contributes to road accidents and work injuries. Lack of sleep can also affect a

child’s school performance and could be linked to increased risk of emotional problems such

as depression. Chronically sleep-deprived teenagers are more likely to have problems with

impulse control, which leads to risk-taking behaviours.

23
 Sleep problems in teenagers are associated with increased risk of disorders such as

depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). High school students who

regularly score C, D or F in school tests and assignments get, on average, half an hour less

sleep per night than high school students who regularly get A and B grades. Later start times

at school result in reduced daytime sleepiness, higher grades and reduced negative feelings.

Table 4. Summary of the students’ responses about what they find useful for enhancing
their sleep patterns.
DOMAINS CORE IDEAS CATEGORIES

4.1 What could be done to What do Grade 12 STEM a) Sleep early

improve your sleeping routine? students of INNHS find useful b) Limit daytime naps

for enhancing their sleep c) Time Management

patterns? d) Avoid distractions

e) Don’t procrastinate

f) Self-discipline

g) Have a work break

Obtaining healthy sleep is important for both physical and mental health, improving

productivity and overall quality of life. Most responses of the grade 12 STEM students are

sleeping early, time management, and avoiding distractions such as phones and social media.

According to the respondents, their way to improve their sleeping routine is by fixing their

body clock by sleeping early and waking up early as much as they get enough sleep by

following the amount of hours of sleep recommended. Hence, their good sleeping habits

should be done consistently to practice it. As well as, proper time management in every task

and responsibilities can benefit in a good sleeping routine. In addition, limiting exposure to

phones and reducing social media activities at night also helps a lot.

24
 Based on the majority responses, it is clear that sleeping early and time management

can improve one’s sleeping routine. Some respondents also answered limiting daytime naps,

self-discipline, avoiding procrastination and having a work break. According to the

respondents, having a work break can reduce stress, anxiety, and frustration in their academic

performances. Therefore, it can also bring peace of mind that can really help improve their

sleeping routine. Moreover, self-discipline is a must to have as it allows them to stay focused

on their goal to improve their sleeping habits. It is essential to push themselves forward, stay

motivated, and take action on the things they do, regardless of how you're feeling, physically

or emotionally. The result is corroborated to the article published by George Lucas

Educational Foundation in 2018 entitled, Research-Tested Benefits of school breaks that says,

schoolwork breaks are an essential part of learning. But the benefits extend beyond the

psychological well-being of students. Particularly for younger students, regular breaks

throughout the school day can be an effective way to reduce disruptive behavior and can

improve sleeping schedule. Having an improved sleeping routine can positively affect the

student's energy level, concentration, dependability, mental ability, optimism, and academic

performance.

A large proportion of college students are sleep deprived, regularly getting less rest

than they need each night. When students routinely have problems with sleep, learning and

memory suffer. Motor skills can be impaired. It can even leave you more susceptible to

illnesses. Good sleep is advantageous to the quality of life. Sleep-related benefits are

particularly helpful for the working class, since poor or inadequate amounts of sleep degrade

work productivity and overall health. Clearly, sufficient sleep after work is vital in promoting

recovery from fatigue. Recent data also suggest that the time interval between shifts should be

adjusted according to the biological timing of sleep. Although sleep is more likely to be

replaced by schoolwork and other activities in real life, research shows that it is worthwhile to

revise the work schedules in order to optimize sleep before, sometime during and after the
25
work period. Therefore, we suggest establishing school-sleep balance. In the article published

by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in 2021, it stated some tips to

avoid sleeping problems such as including a sleeping schedule, exercising, avoiding caffeine

and other stimulants and seeking help from your doctor if you have continued sleeping

problems. Thus, keeping a regular sleep schedule maintains the timing of the body's internal

clock and can help you fall asleep and wake up more easily. Even if real life stands in the way

of achieving a good sleep routine, making just a few small changes can improve your sleep

dramatically which results in good academic performance.

26
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions and the corresponding

recommendations.

SUMMARY

It is something that is abundant in childhood, but lacking during college years. Sleep is

a necessity, yet high school students give more importance on the courses they are taking to

complete their tasks.

The study determined the perception of students of sleep insufficiency, where most of

the respondents view it as something that always results in negative effects to themselves. The

study evaluated the association of sleep insufficiency on the academic performance of the

Grade 12 STEM students.

This study shows: (1) a correlation between the poor sleep factors to and school

performance; (2) an association of better sleeping routine to their daily performance; (3) the

observation that almost all of the respondents are dealing with sleep insufficiency and that it is

taking a toll on their overall performance in school. Majority of the respondents have given

possible ways to enhance their sleeping routine. According to the respondents, their way to

improve their sleeping routine is by fixing their body clock by sleeping early and waking up

early as much as they get enough sleep by following the amount of hours of sleep

recommended. The respondents are aware of possible solutions to sleep insufficiency but are

still not able to use it for themselves.

Although the overall consequence of sleep insufficiency hasn’t been quantified, it is

now accepted that sleep deprivation is associated with reduced alertness and performance in

school and that these effects result in a lot more disadvantages.

27
CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis and results yielded in the study, the researchers therefore

conclude the following:

The evidence shows that sufficient sleep is necessary to function adequately as a

graduating high school student and as an adolescent with a daily routine to perform. Irregular

sleep habits due to academic commitments and busy schedules had a grave impact on sleep-

wake cycles of students resulting in sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality. Sleep

deprivation in the majority of students was characterised by short duration of night sleep,

morning tiredness, excessive daytime sleepiness, and frequent daytime naps. Sleep quality is

critical for optimal health, mental acuity, and performance; therefore, it is essential that

further research be conducted in order to mitigate the impact of healthy, restful sleep.

 Our results suggest regular sleep patterns may promote learning and academic

performance. As wearable health technology continues to improve and becomes less

expensive, large-scale datasets will allow researchers to analyze activity/sleep patterns with

greater detail. By broadening our understanding of delayed sleep onset and shortened sleep

durations, we look to explore techniques that help students develop improved sleep habits.

Sleep insufficiency is still a huge factor on the performance of the Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Ilocos Norte National High School.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In light of the conclusions formed, the researchers hereby recommend the following:

1. Sleep health education should be part of high school curriculum to increase awareness

2. The study should be further explored and broadened.

3. The research can lay the groundwork for future studies on the topic of sleep

deprivation, by broadening our understanding of delayed sleep onset and shortened

28
 sleep durations, we look to explore techniques that help students develop improved

sleep habits. As wearable health technology continues to improve and becomes less

expensive, large-scale datasets will allow researchers to analyze activity/sleep patterns

with greater detail.

4. Parents should take time to monitor their children’s sleeping routine.

29
 LITERATURE CITED

Online Sources

Alsaggaf, M., et al. (2016). Sleep quantity, quality, and insomnia symptoms of medical
students during clinical years. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 37(2): 173–182.
Retrieved on April 19, 2021 from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800917/

Anonymous. (2020, January 27). College students: getting enough sleep is vital to academic
success. American Academy of Sleep Medicine – Association for Sleep Clinicians and
Researchers. Retrieved on April 19, 2021 from https://aasm.org/college-students-
getting-enough-sleep-is-vital-to-academic-success/

Chiang, Y. Arendt, S. Zheng, T. Hanisch, K. (2014) The Effects of Sleep on Academic

Performance and Job Performance. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/212848272.pdf

Cordeiro, B. (2013, October 1). 8 healthy sleep habits. MD Anderson Cancer Center.
https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/healthy-sleep-habits.h13-
1589046.html

Faber, S., Häusser, J., Kerr, N. (2017). Sleep Deprivation Impairs and Caffeine Enhances My
Performance, but Not Always Our Performance. U.S. National Library of Medicine,
21(1): 3–28. Retrieved on April 19, 2021 from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302073/
Francis, T. (2017, September 3). Sleep Habits and Patterns of College Students: A
Preliminary Study. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07448480109596017
Jalali, R. Khazaei, H. Paveh, BK. Hayrani, Z. Menati, L. (17 July 2020). The Effect of Sleep
Quality on Students’ Academic Achievement. Dovepress.
https://www.dovepress.com/the-effect-of-sleep-quality-on-studentsrsquo-academic-
achievement-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-AMEP.

Lack of Sleep Impacts Academic Performance | Hoag Health Blog. (2014). Hoag. Retrieved
on April 19, 2021 from https://www.hoag.org/news/students-lack-of-sleep-impacts-
academic-performa/

Maheshwari, G. Shaukat, F. (1 April 2019). Impact of Poor Sleep Quality on the Academic
Performance of Medical Students. Cureus.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550515/

National Sleep Foundations updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. (2015,
December 1). ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352721815001606

30
Okano, K. et al. (2019). Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better
academic performance in college students. npj Science Learning, 4, 16. Retrieved on
April 19, 2021 from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41539-019-0055-z#citeas

Ram, S. (2009, July 24). Prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and sleep habits in the
United States. Sleep and Breathing. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11325-
009-0281-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b9113668-3918-4b01-8001-
10efb87e27d4
Tus, J. (11 November 2020). Retrieved from Academic Stress, Academic Motivation, and Its
Relationship on the Academic Performance of the Senior High School.

31
 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: LETTER TO ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL

May 25, 2021

BASILISA VICTORINA P. MANDAC

Assistant Principal II
Ilocos Norte National High School
Senior High School

Madam:

Warm Greetings!

In fulfillment of the requirements for our subject Inquiries, Investigation, and Information in
the class of Ms. Preciousa F. Ramos and Mr. John Michael B. Lumabao, we, the grade 12 –
Salcedo STEM students are currently conducting a study titled, “The Impact of Sleep
Insufficiency on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte
National High School”. Our respondents are the Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte
National High School. This study aims to know the impacts of sleep insufficiency on the
academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High School.

In relation to this, may we humbly request permission to administer the questionnaires online
to the selected Grade 12 STEM students this semester school year 2020-2021. The
respondents will answer the questionnaire only during their most convenient time to not cause
any disturbance or interruption in their schedules.

We assure you that the data gathered will be used for the research purposes only. We hope
and look forward to your favorable approval of this request.

Thank you very much and God bless.

Respectfully yours,
Researchers

JOHN MICHAEL B. LUMABAO

Teacher, Inquiries, Investigation, and Information

PRECIOUSA F. RAMOS
Teacher, Inquiries, Investigation, and Information

BASILISA VICTORINA P. MANDAC

Assistant Principal II

32
 APPENDICES
APPENDIX B: LETTER TO RESPONDENTS

May 25, 2021

Dear fellow students,

Warm greetings!

We are students from Grade 12 STEM Salcedo of Ilocos Norte National High School
who are currently conducting a qualitative research titled “The Impact of Sleep
Insufficiency on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte
National High School” in partial fulfillment of the requirements in our subject Inquiries,
Investigations and Immersion. Our study aims to know the impacts of sleep insufficiency on
the academic performance of Grade 12 STEM students of Ilocos Norte National High School.

In regards to this, may we earnestly request for your patience and cooperation in
accomplishing the online questionnaire in google form. Please answer each item objectively
to provide the right information on the said study. The data gathered will greatly help in the
success of our study and most especially give insights and understanding the subject matter.
We assure you that all the data and information gathered will be handled with utmost
confidentiality.

Thank you very much for your response. God bless and stay safe!

- Researchers

APPENDICES
APPENDIX C: QUESTIONNAIRE

33
Name (Optional): _______________________ Section: _________________

Instruction: Answer the given questions subjectively through your experiences that are
related to the topic question you are answering and accomplish it honestly.

1. What is your perception on the impact of sleep insufficiency in a student's academic

performance?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. How do you define sleep deprivation and what are the usual causes that are making
you experience it?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. How often do you experience sleep insufficiency in the course of a week?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. How does sleep insufficiency affect your daily routine and what are the effects you
experience by your lack of sleep?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. How is your academic performance affected by sleep insufficiency?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What could be done to improve your sleeping routine?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Signature

APPENDICES
APPENDIX D: RAW DATA

Table 5. Raw Data of Section and Numbers 1-3 (Number 1 and 2 Research Question)

1. What is your perception on the impact of sleep 2. How do you define sleep deprivation and what are 3. How often do you experience sleep
Section insufficiency in a student's academic performance? the usual causes that are making you experience it? insufficiency in the course of a week?

34
 It means lacking of sleep. It is usually caused by social media
Salcedo It can lead to a poor academic performance. or gadget addiction. 1-2 times a week

Ineffective performance, slow progress, and is harmful to

Abad ones health Insufficient sleeping hours. School requirements Everyday

Sleep insufficiency may increase the odds of disturbances Sleep deprivation is having consistent lack of sleep.
Abad to a student's academic performance. Involvement with technology and social media is the cause. 2-3 times

My perception or thought on the impact of sleep
insufficiency in a student's academic performance is that it
is not good for their physical and mental aspects because
it may lead to diseases if it continues and severely affects
Abad their body.
I define sleep deprivation as lack of sleep or having trouble
sleeping. The causes that are making me experience it is
because of stress due to heavy workload, overthinking,
personal matters and others regarding the work on the Almost everyday, especially when I am
modules. stressed.

Sleep deprivation for me is not having enough sleep required

Basing on experience myself, sleep insufficiency affects
my learning skills and performance to the way that i'm
doubting myself and my abilities. Lack of sleep makes me
lazy, and forgetful. It also affects my brain, it feels like it's
not functioning well, and I cannot retain new informations
Abad easily unlike before.
for the body. At night I always sleep late, but even if I try
sleeping early, the effect would still be the same. When I sleep
late, I would wake up the next morning feeling restless. And if
I try to sleep early, I would have a dream that I won't Everyday, but there are times that I would
remember the details the next morning. A dream that feels feel that I have charged my body, even if
real, that everytime I wake up, I felt sleepless. it's rare, I'm thankful.

Sleep deprivation is what you call when a sleep of a person is

I think it really depends on the student, if he/she is used to
having lack of sleep but still is an active person, but of
course it will have an impact to his/her health in the near
future which greatly affects his/her academic
Abad performance.
not enough or has lack of sleep. The usual causes of it is when
I'm experiencing nightmares, sometimes when I'm thinking a
lot, and when I'm having flashbacks of my traumatic
experience and also even if I worked a lot during the day I still
have a hard time getting my sleep and I need to wake up early. I think almost everyday.

Sleep deprivation basically refers to the condition where a

person doesn't usually get an adequate quality and amount of
time in sleeping.

There are natural factors than can cause sleep deprivation

The impact of sleep insufficiency in a student's academic
performance is very detrimental. Sleeping significantly
impacts the way we perform the tasks we are required to
do on a daily basis. Hence, lack of sleep can result to a
Umali poor academic performance.
especially when you have a sleeping disorder. Usually, the
causes of sleep deprivation as a student is when you have to
meet a deadline. I tend to allocate my time in accomplishing a
schoolwork before sleeping which leads me to sleeping late at
night. Sometimes, social media/gadget is also a reason why I
don't get enough sleep. May it be because of scrolling on my I often experience sleep insufficiency
Facebook news feed or talking with somebody else. during the weekends.

For me sleep deprivation is the situation wherein a person

doesn't have enough sleep and for me as a student, I
experience this because of the load of task given to us like our
Sleep insufficiency greatly affects the academic modules and performances that we need to finish in just a
Salcedo performance of a student in a negative way. week. Almost everyday I experience it.

Sleep deprivation is a condition wherein a person lacks sleep

or a state in having poor quality of sleep. Usual causes that are
Sleep insufficiency have adverse effect not only in our making me experience is trying to complete requirements,
Abad health but also in a students academic performance watching series, games or because I cannot sleep at night. Almost everyday

Sleep deprivation is allowing yourself avoid getting enough

sleep and are usually caused by social media, video games,
stress, too much school work, kdramas, and movies in my
Abad Less sleep, Less productivity experience. Twice or Thrice a day

It would change the academic performance of the student

in a way that he/she doesn't have enough energy to study The lack of sleep, it makes me lazier and doesn't have enough
Abad that may cause also the lack of focus energy to do schoolworks Twice or Thrice a day3

Sleep deprivation for me is not having enough hours of sleep

Lack of performance, attentiveness, clearness of mind, at night. I usually stay up at night because I really prefer doing
Abad and focus. work in a quiet environment. 4-6 times a week.

With the lack of sleep you will experience extreme head

ache that sends signal to your brain that you should sleep.
Less participation on class will cause low grades also can Depression is one, Lots of school works that causes me to I experience it like 5 times in a week
Campos expelled you. experience it. monday to friday like that.

It is case wherein someone is not able to get enough amount

Sleep insufficiency can lead to difficulty of a student in of sleep needed by their body. Trying to comply with
Umali accomplishing tasks. schoolworks or having uncomfortable sleeping environment. 2-4

Sleep deprivation is the lack of sleep which I usually

Sleep insufficiency reduces student’s concentration when experience because of the unfinished schoolworks or leisure
Abad making schoolworks such as watching and scrolling through social media 5 times a week

It can affect the student’s academic performance As of now, I don’t experience any
Campos negatively. Lack of sleep. Schoolwork and usage of social media insufficiency of sleep.

It can affect the student’s academic performance As of now, I don’t experience any
Campos negatively. Lack of sleep. Schoolwork and usage of social media insufficiency of sleep.

Sleep insufficiency disrupts my cognition which means

my ability to digest and process information is
compromised. However, there are students who work hard
to finish or cram requirements in school in a short period
of time in order to meet deadlines. As a result, they
Umali become sleep deprived.
I believe, it is the failure to achieve at least 7 hours of good
sleep wherein the person reaches the REM stage of sleep and
waking up not feeling lethargic and sleepy. It is caused by
sleeping late and too much blue light for the eyes before going
to sleep. I experience it at least 3 times a week.

35
 It negatively affects the performance of the students, such
as their attention, memory, and skills in problem-solving Sleep deprivation means not have enough rest. It causes due to
Salcedo tasks. schoolwork and social media. almost everyday

Lack of sleep
Causes: stress, other biological and mental factors and
Salcedo Big deal modules Rarely

Salcedo it brought negative effects to my academic performance It is a sleep disorder Everyday

Sleep deprivation is a sleep disorder. When doing school

Salcedo It affects mental health. Doesn't absorb the lessons well. works because it loaded many. Most of the time.

Campos Negatively correlated with academic performance School requirements. Inadequate quantity or quality of sleep. Most of the night

I think when a student experience insufficient sleep they It is when a person have not completed the 8 hours of sleep
will have a hard time in focusing and understanding their that experts recommended, sometimes overthinking and over
Salcedo lessons so it will affect their grades analyzing things before I sleep is the main cause of it. Maybe 5 or 6 days every week

It can result in lower grade point average, increased risk Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused
of academic failure, compromised learning and impaired by quality of sleep. The usual causes of my sleep deprivation
Campos mood. are my modules, games, and watching movies/kdrama. Everyday

it weakens our minds and therefore decreases student's im always sleepy and unmotivated. i often sleep at day and
Umali good academic performance this really causes unproductivity huhu 5 times (days) a week :((

It is where you find spend yourself being awake, it is caused

Salcedo It greatly affects the student's capability to do things by sudden sleeping schedule alterations At this point, every day, 24/7

When you do not have enough sleep and it is mostly caused

Salcedo It plays a very big role in the students performance by stress Around 1-5 times a week

Sleep deprivation is defined as a lack of sleep. The most

Sleep insufficiency significantly affects the student's common reasons of my sleep deprivation are late-night phone
Salcedo academic performance. use and sleeping problems Everyday

When people then to have lack of sleep because of some

reasons such as meeting deadline, school works, noisy
It has various effects to student's academic performance sleeping environment, medical problems , usage of electronic
Salcedo depending on the circumstances devices etc. Everyday

Table 6. Raw Data of Section and Numbers 4-6 (Number 2, 3 and 4 Research Questions)
4. How does sleep insufficiency affect your daily tine
and what are the effects you experience by your lack of 5. How is your academic performance affected by sleep 6. What could be done to improve your sleeping
sleep? insufficiency? routine?

It delays my schedule especially those school requirements or Make a schedule for a proper sleep and avoid using
It leads to an unproductive day. works. gadgets too much.

Negatively affects my daily schedule and having headaches all

the time Late submission of documents Avoiding any type of distraction and procrastination

Limit daytime naps.

Wind down and clear head because stress can make it
Unproductiveness and fatigue difficulty in focusing and remembering difficult to sleep well.

• Lessen the workload or to be exact make a schedule for

I am unable to do things I usually do. I always feel tired
everytime I do some household chores. I can't even control my
mood and most of time I am angry. With that reason, I am
always physically exhausted and i am unable to control my
mood every now and then due to lack of sleep.
what you do every day.
• Avoid sleeping late.
• If ever you are having trouble sleeping like to the point
you can't sleep, listen to classical music, lofi music or any
music that piques your interest as long as its not those
I can't think straight and I am unable to come up good ideas for my music that are loud. It depends on you.
work. Sleep insufficiency also makes me overthink every time I do • Find peace in the silence of the night. Maybe you will
my work on modules. feel sleepy, i think.

Lack of sleep makes me want to stay in bed all day, it's either
just laying there doing nothing or scrolling through my phone, I always have backlogs since I don't have the guts to start doing and
or it will bring me back to sleep. answering my modules. I need a psychiatrist to be honest.

It gives me headache and it makes me nauseous. It almost feel I don't really know because I'm not examined by professionals so I
like I'm about to passed out that's when I need to have some don't really know the difference, may be it makes me hard to
nap. Just a nap or a cup of coffee because I have a lot of things understand the lessons which really affects my academic I think peace of mind really helps to improve my sleeping
to do and it will affect my daily routine. performance. routine.

Sleep insufficiency affects me in such way that I feel

demotivated in starting my schoolwork. That's why I always My mental health was compromised. My academic performance Your body must be used to going to sleep early until it
feel the need to postpone things because "tomorrow is another was apparently not at its best state because of sleep insufficiency. I becomes a habit. You must also have a journal/planner
day". In some instances, I am also bad-tempered when I don't don't get to function properly on the days where I had insufficient with you to track your sleep and to be able to finish tasks
get enough amount of sleep. sleep. My memory was not as sharp as when I have adequate sleep. on time without feeling the need to pull an all-nighter.

It affects my academic performance in a negative way. There are

even times that while I'm doing my modules, I feel so sleepy that I
When I'm lack of sleep I usually cannot concentrate on the even fall asleep in front of my laptop and in the end, I wasn't able to I think I need to focus more on my time management and
things that I need to do and I experience slight headaches. finish my task in the time that I set to finish it. reduce my gadget usage.

36
Sleep insufficiency makes me tired and sleepy all day. It
makes me not do anything and i cannot focus if im doing
something.
It affects my routine negatively if I wake late because it
reduces the time I needed to do my work and it makes me tired
and unable to be productive for the whole day. Not being able to function properly.
My plans will not go accordingly to what i want because all i
do is sleep.
Sleep deprivation made me unable to maintain a schedule due
to my erratic sleeping time. I would take 2 four hour naps in a
day in order to rest which limits my productiveness as a
whole.
Lack of energy and also i feel lazy everytime i move.
It ruins my usual body clock which means that I sometimes
start my day waking up late, so with my other routines on a
daily basis.
It lowers my energy which keeps me in bed all day. I
experience frequent headaches and having lack of energy
low energy of doing task
It can disrupt my daily routine
It robs me having a good moment of silence and solitude in
the morning because when I'm sleep deprived, I wake up
within or after 9 AM. It causes a slight heaviness on the head
and sometimes anxiety because it feels like I've wasted time
and it urges me to do everything fast-paced so I can proceed
immediately to do modules and requirements.
I can not focus on working. Thus, my daily routine will be
ruin.
Little effect
I feel unproductive
Its making me mentally absent.
Risk serious medical conditions.
Lack of energy and focus thoughout the day
The effects of my lack of sleep are mood swings, headache,
easy to get tired and my brain can't function very well.
bcoz of sleep insufficiency, i always feel unproductive and
always miss my classes at that huhu
It makes me feel dizzy and experiencing fatigue by the time
that I wake up
It makes me sleepy and tired while doing something
Inadequate sleep makes me lazy when it comes to doing my
schoolwork.
Sabog ako all day char. It affects my attention span, decision
making within the day.
Sleep insufficiency makes me lose my focus in academics resulting Balancing and optimising my time during the day and
to mediocre outputs
I submit my outputs longer than the said deadline
It has negatively impacted my academic performance for at most
times I'm not able to focus on my work.
With the new normal it did not affect that much.
Instead of starting the day with conserved energy, my body would
feel exhausted and will have less tendency to finish schoolworks.
It makes me unfocused while doing my schoolworks which may
result to a bad performance
It affected it since I do not have more energy to do my academic
tasks
unproductive to do tasks
There are times when my sleep schedule bumps with sync classes
like I get little sleep on a Sunday night but I have to wake up earl
for the 7:30 class the next day. Sometimes, I miss classes,
sometimes I am late which means. But most of the time, when I
attend the class, I become super sleepy & heavy-headed which
affects my ability to listen attentively and the ability to focus on the
discussion for a long period of time.
It is getting worse. I'm now more unproductive day by day.
Little effect
poor acedemic performance
It affects maybe poor or not.
It causes poor academic performance and depression.
Because I can't focus when reading the lessons, I will not be able to body will want to rest, I think if I do it everyday my
understand anything that I read so I get low scores on my outputs
Sometimes I can't focus on answering my modules and I pass it
very late because of my laziness in answering it. So, some of grades and wake at consistent times, and you should relax and
are low.
no improvements for my acad performance
It makes me light-headed when doing the task given to me
It would mostly go down due to being tired while doing modules
My academic performance decreases
Sleep insufficiency reduce my academic productivity which could
affect my academic performance
37
avoiding the use of phone when im on bed
Fixing my body clock by getting enough sleep and
following the amount of hours of sleep recommended for
my own health.
I swear to my self that i would sleep early but my body
just wont cooperate so i don't know what to do to improve
my sleeping routine
What I would do is either sleep really early or sleep really
late.
Time management is the key!!
I guess proper time management in every tasks and
responsibilities and a comfortable environment would
help a lot in improving my sleeping routine.
Time management and reduce social media activities
every night
Time management and self-discipline
Time management
In my opinion, I try to sleep early when I have sync class
the next morning, and when I don't have any, I try to be
flexible with my schedule and allow myself to sometimes
sleep late in order to finish requirements and then wake up
without any alarm irritating me in the morning :)
Always make time to sleep at night.
Nothing really I'm fine
Self discipline
Time management
Time balancing
If I take a jog on the afternoon I will be exhausted so my
sleeping routine will improve
You should sleep early, limit daytime naps, try to sleep
clear your mind in the evening.
wake up early as much as possible even though i sleep late
at night. this works for me sometimes. it is bcoz when i
feel really tired, my body unconsciously calls for a rest or
a nap. me waking up early everyday would put me to
sleep early every night but this is a bad habit huhu and can
be very harmful on my system kaya i don't suggest. thank
youuuu
Don't stress yourself in doing things that are unnecessary
Try to keep a good sleeping habits like sleeping at the
same time everyday
I can improve my sleeping routine by limiting my
exposure to phones at night and consistently sleep early.
Sleep ka lang. Sleep early haha.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Reina Angel E. Remilla

Sex : Female
Address : Brgy. 11, Vintar, Ilocos Norte
Birth Date : June 05, 2003
Birth Place : Laoag, Ilocos Norte
Citizenship : Filipino
Religious Affiliation : Aglipayan
Father’s Name : Richard M. Remilla
Occupation : Driver
Mother’s Name : Julham Grace E. Remilla
Occupation : OFW
Email Address : reinaangelremilla@gmail.com
38
Educational Attainment
Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Piddig National High School
Brgy. 6 Tonoton, Piddig, Ilocos Norte
2015 - 2019
Elementary : Piddig South Central Elementary School
Brgy. 1 Cabaroan, Piddig, Ilocos Norte
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : Montse Atheena L. Nalundasan

Sex : Female
Age : 17
Address : Brgy. Baduang, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte
Date of Birth : August 23, 2003
Place of Birth : Batac City
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Amor R. Nalundasan
Occupation : School Utility Worker
Mother’s Name : Katherine Rose L. Nalundasan
Occupation : Business Woman
Email Address : lu.atheena@gmail.com

Educational Attainment
39
 Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Luzong National High School
With Honors
Brgy Baduang, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte
2015 - 2019
Elementary School : Luzong Elementary School
Salutatorian
Brgy Baduang, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : Keziah Keren P. Pasion

Sex : Female
Age : 18
Address : Brgy. 1, Agbayani Street, Laoag City
Date of Birth : February 11, 2003
Place of Birth : Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Ferdinand P. Pasion
Occupation : Civil Engineer
Mother’s Name : Marites P. Pasion
Occupation : Government Employee
Email Address : keziahpasion11@gmail.com

Educational Attainment
40
 Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3, Gov. Roque B. Ablan
Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High
School
Basic Education Curriculum
With Honors
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2015 - 2019
Elementary School : Shamrock Elementary School
Brgy. 7-B, P. Gomez Street, Laoag City
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : John Simon C. Santiago

Sex : Male
Age : 18
Address : Brgy. 46 Nalbo, Laoag City
Date of Birth : January 23, 2003
Place of Birth : Laoag City
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Saldy C. Santiago
Occupation : Businessman
Mother’s Name : Dolores C. Santiago
Occupation : Housewife
Email Address : jjohnsimonsantiago@yahoo.com

41
Educational Attainment
Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology and Engineering (STE)
Program-Special science Class
With Honors
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2015 - 2019
Elementary : Padre Annibale Integrated School
1st Honorable Mention
Paterno, Laoag City
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : Samuel Piolo Hernando Tirona

Sex : Male
Address : Brgy 8, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
Birthplace : Los Angeles’ California
Citizenship : Filipino/American
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Paul Jeffrey Booth Tirona
Occupation : Unknown
Mother’s Name : Gene Donabelle Enopia Hernando
Occupation : US Navy
Email Address : samuelpiolo2012@gmail.com

42
Educational Attainment
Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Special Program in the Arts
Brgy. 3, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2015 - 2019
Elementary School : Padre Annibale Integrated School
Paterno, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : John Rotrix T. Tumaneng

Sex : Male
Age : 18
Address : Bgy 15. Andres Castro St. Laoag City
Date of Birth : August 17, 2002
Place of Birth : Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Rommel Tumaneng
Occupation : Deceased
Mother’s Name : Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Occupation : Education Program Supervisor
43
 Email Address : Heckityrotrix@gmail.com

Educational Attainment
Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Special Program in the Arts (SPA)
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2015 - 2019
Elementary : Hilario Valdez Memorial Elementary School
2009 - 2015

Personal Data

Name : Niña Jemima Ghayle D. Valdez

Sex : Female
Age : 18
Address : Bgy 3, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
Date of Birth : September 30, 2002
Place of Birth : Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Nelson S. Valdez
Occupation : Self-Employed
Mother’s Name : Lorma D. Valdez

44
 Occupation : Teacher
Email Address : njjvaldez@gmail.com

Educational Attainment
Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2019 - 2021
Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School
Basic Education Curriculum
With Honors
Brgy. 3 Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue, Laoag City
2015 - 2019
Elementary : Sta. Rosa Academy
2009 - 2015

45