PNTC Colleges - Dasmariñas: Senior High School

PNTC Colleges - Dasmariñas
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTEREST OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS
IN CHOOSING MARITIME TRACK AT PNTC COLLEGES
DASMARIÑAS CITY CAMPUS
A Research Paper
Presented to
the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas City Campus
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
APL RES03
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions
Amper, Aj Mark
Cajandoc, Ericson
Delos Santos, Patrick Jason
Libot, Dench Sylord
Longcop, Mia Magdalene
Paalisbo Jr., Diolome
Rodriguez, Angelo Gabrielle
Zarco, Ejay
April 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled Factors Affecting the Interest of
Grade 11 Students in Choosing Maritime Track at PNTC Colleges
Dasmariñas City Campus, prepared and submitted by Aj Mark Amper,
Ericson Cajandoc, Patrick Jason Delos Santos, Dench Sylord Libot, Mia
Magdalene Longcop, Diolome Paalisbo Jr., Angelo Rodriguez and Ejay
Zarco, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for APL-RES03 Inquiries,
Investigations, and Immersions subject, has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for final defense.
RAYMART M. DEL MUNDO, LPT

Adviser
RESEARCH PAPER REVIEW PANEL

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a Grade of
_______.
_____________________ _______________________
Member Member
_______________________
Chairman
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
APL-RES03 Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions subject.
ROSALINDA G. AVILA, MAED
SHS, Principal
Acknowledgment
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The researchers would like to express their deepest appreciation to
all the persons who contributed and shared their knowledge and opinions
to make this study possible.
The researchers would like to thank their thesis adviser Mr.Raymart
Del Mundo for his effort and dedication in sharing wisdom regarding
Practical Research. Through his guidance, the researchers were able to
completely understand the different aspects of making the research paper.
In the same way, the researchers were also grateful to Mr. Romeo
Esteban Jr. from PNTC Guidance and Mr. Raymond Go from PNTC
Marketing Department who served as validators of the questionnaire. With
their expertise, the research questions of this paper were improved thus
increasing its reliability.
In addition, the researchers would also like to thank and appreciate
Ms, Sharmaine Esguerra, the grammarian of this study, for the time and
effort in checking the grammar of the whole paper.
Special acknowledgment to the principal of Senior High School
Department of PNTC Colleges Mrs. Rosalinda Avila for allowing the
researchers to conduct a survey among the TVL 11 students of PNTC
Colleges. The survey was conducted immediately because of her

ii
approval.
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Moreover, the researchers would also like to recognize the active
participation of the respondents from TVL 11 students. The important data
were gathered from their responses towards the research questions.
Through their engagement, meaningful data were collected.
Likewise, the researchers expresses their very profound gratitude
to the parents, most specially to Paalisbo, Rodriguez and Longcop family
for supporting and giving accommodation while making the research
paper. Their encouragement also inspired the researchers to keep on
doing well throughout the processes of research.
And most of all, to Almighty God for being the source of life and
wisdom. His great blessing of faith, love, knowledge and guidance
strengthened the researchers towards finishing every aspect of the paper
with patience and excellence.
Thank you!
The Researchers
Dedication
The researchers dedicate this research work to the PNTC Colleges
and instructors and to their families. A special feeling of gratitude to PNTC

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Colleges and instructors for being an effective institution of learning and
wisdom-sharing community which continue to accept and hone all kinds of
students towards a brighter future in the maritime industry and other fields.
The researchers also dedicate this paper to their families namely
Longcop, Paalisbo, Zarco, Libot, Cajandoc, Amper, Delos Santos and
Rodriguez family. Their untiring support from the various aspects of
making the paper made this research easier and possible. Throughout the
processes, their assistance were very helpful in completing the paper.
Lastly, the success of this research paper was dedicated to the
Almighty God. Thank You for the guidance, strength, power of mind, skills
and for giving good health and good life. All of these, the researchers offer
to You.
Abstract
iii
Title:
“Factors Affecting the Interest of Grade 11 Students in Choosing Maritime
Track at PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas City Campus”

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Researchers:
Aj Mark Amper
Ericson Cajandoc
Patrick Jason Delos Santos
Dench Sylord Libot
Mia Magdalene Longcop
Diolome Paalisbo Jr.
Angelo Rodriguez
Ejay Zarco
Institution:
PNTC Colleges
Dasmariñas City
Adviser:
iv
Mr. Raymart M. Del Mundo
Program:
TVL Maritime Specialization
Date Conferred:
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April 2020
The Problem:
The main objective of this descriptive study was to determine the
factors that can affect the students’ interest towards choosing maritime
track.
Methodology:
The method used by the proponents of this quantitative study was
based on the use of survey questionnaires which applied a descriptive
research design. This research is presented with illustrative examples
such as using questionnaires.
Summary of Findings:
The findings showed that majority of the students chose maritime
track considering their personal choice among other factors. Family and
school were also very important factors that can influence several
students on the field. Lastly, peers and their influence were least valued in
choosing maritime track.
Conclusions:
To conclude, most of the students chose maritime track since it is
their personal choice and dream career and being acknowledged above
any other influences. Moreover, school and family were also considered
by several students in choosing maritime track. On the other hand, peers

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were least considered by the students in taking maritime track. It has the
least impact in taking the maritime career.
Recommendations:
For further developments of this study, others factors such as
health condition, status, financial problem etc. can also be evaluated in
order to understand and gain other meaningful data from this area.
For the maritime school and administrators, they must keep on
improving facilities and services for the students to gain higher interest
towards choosing maritime track. Likewise, it is very important to maintain
the good quality of education.
For the families and guardians, they should identify and consider
their children’s personal choices in choosing a career for it is one of the
most essential aspects of career development.

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Table of Contents
Contents Pages
Approval Sheet...........................................................................................i
Acknowledgment.......................................................................................ii
Dedication..................................................................................................iii
Abstract......................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction.................................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem...........................................................................4
Scope and Delimitations.............................................................................5
Significance of the Study............................................................................5
Definition of Terms......................................................................................8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature and Studies.................................................10
Synthesis...................................................................................................15
Theoretical Framework..............................................................................17
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Conceptual Framework..............................................................................21
Paradigm of the Study...............................................................................22
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method/Design...........................................................................24
Respondents of the Study..........................................................................25
Research Instrument..................................................................................25
Validation of Instrument..............................................................................26
Data Gathering Procedure..........................................................................27
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data......................................28
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings........................................................... ......................51
Conclusions................................................................................................55
Recommendations......................................................................................56
Bibliography..............................................................................................58
Appendices................................................................................................61
a. Request Letters
b. Survey Questionnaire
c. Photo Documentation
d. Curriculum Vitae
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background of the study, the problem
and its significance, and the scope and delimitations of the study.
Introduction
In this era of globalization, shipping is the life blood of the global
economy. No country is entirely self-sufficient. Over many centuries,
maritime industry become a channel for local and intercontinental trades,
bulk transport of raw materials import and export of merchandise and
manufacture goods. In fact, according to the International Chamber of
Shipping (ICS), the shipping industry carries around 90% of the world
trade. Through this wide range of economic importance, the jobs,
livelihoods and standards of living of both industrialized and developed
countries, greatly depend on maritime field with the aid of seafarers.
In the recent times, maritime being the backbone of global trade
and economy, became extremely concerned about maintaining the
presence of the human element with proper education and training.
Without the seafarers, it will be impossible to achieve an effective and
efficient maritime industry as reported by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) in 2013. Seeing the value of the mariners, it is
important to determine the factors in relation to its effect on the interest of

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the Grade 11 students in choosing maritime track or career such as quality
of education, people from the environment, accessibility and personal
choice (Aguado et.al 2015).
Due to the vastness of the industry, it needs an abundant supply of
manpower who will continue to take the opportunities and responsibilities
towards the success of commercial trade and tourism. Based on the 2015
Manpower Report of Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO)
and ICS, the world lacks 16,500 officers which might increase up to
92,000 by 2020 and 147,500 by 2025. This indicates that the steady
supply of officers will still not be enough to meet the increase in global
demand.
In relation to the above-mentioned concerns of the maritime
councils and organizations, the PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas City Campus,
Marketing Department, also observed and gathered some data showing
that there is a 38% reduction in maritime student enrollees from 2018 to
2019. To cite, some of the researchers and their co-maritime students are
still undecided while others stopped or transferred to another different
field. The decrease of the new enrollees for maritime track may be
influenced by certain factors also affecting their interest towards the track.
Actually, some of the researchers who are also concerned, possessed a
very minimal knowledge before about maritime with some factors that
affected their decisions and interest towards the industry. Moreover, this
2
issue can be very alarming not only for the institution but also for the
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future status of the maritime industry considering the rapid increase of
global demand for seafarers. If the descending enrollees for maritime
professionals will not be addressed, this can totally affect the world
industry not meeting the demands for seafarers in the succeeding years.
In this paper, one of the ways to cope and understand the student’s
decisions is to discover how the interest varies and changes in relation to
the existing factors.
Given this existing concerns about maritime and the students, the
researchers are motivated to determine factors affecting the interest in
choosing maritime track which can influence their action and response
towards pursuing the career. By knowing and studying the Grade 11
students’ outlook and overview about the field and how their interest is
guided by some factors, the results will be beneficial to the maritime
institutions like PNTC Colleges, to the instructors, parents and students
regarding the promotion of maritime industry, education and decision–
making issues about the career. These different group of people will be
able to adjust, manage and adapt to the concerns about maritime leading
to the understanding and resolution of problems encountered also
emphasizing the significance of the industry to the world and to the
seafarers. The factors affecting the changes in the interest of the students
in maritime must be discovered not only for the personal welfare of the
3
industry and the needs of the society but also for the students to know and
realize its impact on the consumers and more importantly for the benefit of
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the seafarers in the future, coming from the students of today’s
generation.
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this descriptive study was to determine the
factors that can affect the students’ interest towards choosing maritime
track. At this stage of research, the interest of the students on maritime is
one of the major concerns in order to meet the increasing global demands
of the field.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the different factors that can affect the students’ interest
in pursuing maritime track?
1.1 Family
1.2 Peers
1.3 School
1.4 Personal Choice
2. Which of the identified factors creates the highest effect on the
students’ interest in maritime track?
3. Which of the identified factors creates the lowest effect on the
students’ interest in maritime track?
4
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
The study focused on the identification of the factors affecting the
interest of the Grade 11 students towards choosing maritime track.

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Specific factors were given by the researchers from the different aspects
or context such as family, school, peers and personal choice.
The study was conducted at PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas
Campus. It applied a descriptive research design having 158 TVL 11
maritime students as respondents out of 261 population where 20
participants were be taken from each section based on the Slovin’s
Formula. It was limited only on the identification about the factors affecting
the interest of the students in maritime and not on the ways on how to
improve their level of interest on the field.
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study may provide a deeper understanding
regarding interest of the students for maritime track and the factors that
may affect it. It is important for the researchers to perform this study in
order to discover and understand how the students’ interest varies or
changes in relation to some factors which in turn may be beneficial to the
following group of people:
To the maritime institution, the study will be beneficial for it will help the
school develop new ways or strategies that will be useful for the promotion
5
of the maritime industry. The findings may serve as a basis for further
development of the previous ways in marketing strategy in order to

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persuade more students to choose maritime track as part of meeting the
increasing global demands for seafarers.
To the administrators, the findings may serve as awareness and guide
considering the different aspects in school such as teachings of maritime
needing improvements for the students to have a better learning
experience convincing them to continue the maritime career in the future.
To the maritime instructors, the results may serve as an eye opener for
the students in terms of their interest on the subject matter as affected by
the factors including the school. The findings may encourage the teachers
to further emphasize the significance and beneficial aspects of the
maritime industry.
To the parents and guardians, the insights may give them some ideas
about their children’s interest towards maritime career in relation to the
different factors. In addition, they can also advice and help the students in
selecting a better and appropriate track.
To the students, the results may help them analyze the factors that can
affect their decisions and interest in maritime. As a result, they will be able
to realize and communicate to the superiors and guardians about the

6 interest on the field.
things that can increase or decrease their
To the researchers, the results may help them understand the existing
factors and the students’ interest towards choosing maritime track
including themselves and their situations before choosing the track. The
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findings may serve as an evidence for them to continue a maritime career
in the succeeding years.
To the future researchers, the results of the study can become their
cornerstone in their respective papers. Young future researchers are
supposed to be correspondents of the current study as well.
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Definition of Terms
Factors
-refers to the four independent variables of the study namely family,
school, peers and personal choice
Family
-refers to the group of individuals who share a common genetic or legal
bond
Grade 11 Students
-refers to the respondents of this study
Interest
-refers to the dependent variable of the study which pertains to the
students optimism, engagement and outlook towards choosing maritime
track
Maritime Track
-refers to one of the academic strands in senior high school focusing on
the area of maritime industry
Peers
-refers to the group of people sharing similarities with age, background,
and interests such as friends

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Personal Choice
-refers to the students’ personal decision of choosing the Maritime Track
PNTC Colleges
-refers to the locale of the study
School
-refers to a maritime school such as PNTC Colleges
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the
thorough and in-depth search by the researchers.
Nowadays, the field of maritime is one of the most important
industries in the world. As a matter of fact, every nation depends on its
function as one of the pillars of economic success. [ CITATION Wha19 \l
1033 ]. In agreement with United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) in 2018, the global economic expansion is the
main driver of the world’s shipping demand wherein it must be fulfilled in
accordance with the growing necessities of every nation. In the same way,
there is also a higher demand for ratings and officers on board to take
over the responsibilities as reported by the International Maritime
organization in 2013. Stantchev et al. (2015) stated that there will be a
shortage of supply of seafarers due to an increasing world merchant fleet.
In this study, certain factors will be determined in relation to the student’s
interest on maritime track which in turn helping the researchers and the
different group of people towards discovering and understanding these
factors and interest.
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In this research, the focus is all about the identification of the
factors affecting the interest of the students in maritime track. As stated in
the study of Harackiewicz in 2009, interest refers to being engaged,
engrossed, or entirely taken up with an activity, object, or topic. In this
study, the researchers defined the variable, interest as the degree of
optimism, passion, curiosity and attention given by the Grade 11 students
to the field of maritime. On the other hand the specific factors that may
affect includes family, school, peers and personal choice
Career decision making is an important behavior component that
take part in one’s life to set his/her goal to achieve a career. Particularly
during the transitional stage from school to college or universities,
students are forced to choose a particular profession or course of study.
During this stage, issue is unavoidable due to various factors such as
family members influence, parental influence, peer group influence, role
model influence etc. as stated by Kumar (2016). According to Aguado et
al. (2015) to measure the influence of other people is the most important
of the factors affecting the choice of students towards maritime education.
This study includes family, friends, and peers' factors.
One of the factors in the study is the family. As reported by
Mayntz (2019), a family is a group of individuals who share a legal or
genetic bond. It serves as a foundation of the society. Family background
provides the basis on which a student’s career planning and decision
making evolves. The most common factor is parental influence.

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Specifically, family members and parents play a major role in the
preference of career of an individual based on the findings of Kumar
(2016). However, within each family, the level of involvement can vary
positively or negatively as reported by Project Topics Journal in 2019.On
the other hand, recommendation of friends/peers and family background
has a moderate influence on taking the course but it might change the
decision of the student because of these factors (Vallente et al. 2019).
In the same way, Vollan (2018) concluded that
“parental values and expectations play a large role in the career

path that children choose to follow. Children especially from the
low to middle income families pay much attention to what their
parents expect of them, particularly when it comes to choosing a
career. By showing support for particular activities, making
reactions and comments about particular careers as well as
norms they advocates for at home, parents demonstrate their
preference for certain career options over others. While at times
this might happen indirectly children use their intuitive abilities to
decode and thus may be greatly influenced by a “hidden”
meaning, while parents may assume little to no influence.”
Moreover, the peers can also influence a student’s interest in
making a career choice or decision. In line with an article from Research
Clue in 2019, it was found out that the peer group, a group of people
sharing similarities, background and social status are likely to influence a
person’s behavior, beliefs and decisions including the career preferences.
In addition, Philstar Global (2010) stated that adolescence tend to make
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actions and decisions in conformity with a group towards different aspects
like career.
In relation, Naz et. al (2014) from his study also concluded that
”peer and friends have considerable impetus towards career

decisions and academic choices. The present study concludes
that peer and friends dominate in academic choices and career
decision making process. The statistics regarding career decision
making shows that peer and friends helps in career decision
making, professional career, helping in the selection of job, help
in employment opportunities and earning tendencies are mostly
influence by peer and friends. Illuminating and analyzing the
results of the given information with respect to the tables and
hypothesis, it has been concluded that peer and friends are
Another one is the school which can also affect the student’s interest
according to K 12 Learning Liftoff article in 2016. It stated that the school
or learning environment can potentially lift a student’s interest towards an
educational track. In addition, Mtmeri (2017) stated that the role of school
on career guidance and the influence of the family were cited as factors
influencing career pathways. They have a great role in assisting the
students towards the right track for them. According to the Educational
Research International Journal (2013), learning institutions must enlighten
the maritime students about the importance of the career which will
increase the level of awareness towards the field.
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In the end, every student has a personal choice or preferences
with support of their parents towards their career choice like maritime
track. Most of the advice from brothers and sisters as well as teachers is
to be considered in making their decision. But in the end still the personal
decision of a student prevails as according to Asian Social Science
Journal in 2015. The personal choice of the students which refers to the
personal decision of choosing a particular career anchored on the interest,
likes and dislikes of every personality towards the job as confirmed by the
Essay for Today article in 2019 and Academia in 2010. According to
Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017), the senior high school students’ choice of
career or track mostly depends on their personal choices but it is not free
from other influences. From the study of Castillo et al. (2010), findings
stated that students are likely to choose a career according to their skills
and hobbies. Hence, it will always be the personal choice of the students
that matters. It is the personal choice of the students to pursue a maritime
track in the future. They strongly believe that it will take them to the
different parts of the world also having higher amount of income. The
benefits of the job can directly convince them to continue it for the future.
Senior high school maritime students tend to do their best to attain good
grades in maritime because it is their personal dream and aspiration in
relation to a future success within the industry (Alcantara, Deligero and
Laguador, 2015).
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Synthesis
The related literature and studies in this research were used to
understand and serve as an instrument to answer the existing problems
and help to make this study possible.
With regards to the importance of maritime industry and its
increasing demand for seafarers, the maritime organizations such as IMO,
BIMCO and UNCTAD have similar findings indicating that the industry
cannot stand and succeed without the presence of the mariners or
seafarers both officers and ratings. For them, it is highly important to
maintain an enough supply of competitive seafarers in order to meet the
increasing global demand of every economy in terms of international
trades.
Furthermore, the family, parental influence, peers and friends were
said to be the influencing factors to a student’s choice of the career as
stated by the findings of Kumar (2016) and Aguado (2015). On the other
hand, Vollan (2018) emphasized that it is the family that has a greater
influence in choosing a career while Naz et al, (2014) focused more on the
influence of peers and friends.
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In the same way, according to the results from Educational
Research International Journal (2013) and Mtmeri (2017) the schools can
potentially lift a student’s interest towards an educational track. They can
also help in encouraging the students towards a career in the future.
Schools’ guidance and assistance can influence the students in choosing
a career.
Lastly, similar findings from the Asian Social Science Journal in
2015, Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017), and Alcantara, Deligero and
Laguador, 2015 indicates that personal choice of the students towards
maritime track and other careers is the greatest factor that would directly
convince a student in choosing the career. Based on the results gathered,
since students consider it as their dream, there is a strong will and
influence that can increase their interest and eventually take the academic
track.
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Theoretical Framework
This defines the key concepts in the research, proposes relations
between them, and discusses relevant theories and models based on
a literature review.
Proposed Study:
Factors Affecting the Level of Interest in Choosing Maritime Track for the
Grade 11 Students of PNTC Colleges
Theory: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Theorist: Abraham Maslow
Theory Statement:
According to Abraham Maslow (1943) people are always
motivated to satisfy their needs both at home and at work. He does not
make distinctions based on age. He categorized human needs into five
hierarchical levels (Hierarchy of Needs). He made the assumption that an
advanced or higher level can only be reached when the previous level of
needs has been fulfilled.
Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before
individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the
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hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety, love and
belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
Theory Explanation:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology
comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as
hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Based on Maslow, it is impossible to
skip a level of the Hierarchy of Needs. That is why it is important to fulfill
the need that has been skipped or lost at a later date. The lowest level of
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which is the physiological, is the foundation
of the pyramid. This is where the needs pattern begins. These basic
needs apply to everyone. The higher the level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Need, the more difficult it becomes to satisfy the needs. Every need that is
not satisfied taking a longer duration can create more complexities and
burden.
Relation to the Current Study:
The theory was relevant to this study in a way that the Hierarchy of
Needs can give the concept that people pursue something because of the
things that motivates them for a particular area. This can be attributed to
their physiological needs like decent way of living and good shelter for
safety. In addition, they can also consider the sense of belongingness to a
certain group like a family or peer and the most important is the self-
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actualization where in there is realization or fulfillment of one's talents and
potentials, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.
In relation to this study, this can also serve as a basis towards
understanding the different factors affecting the variations on the interests
of the students in maritime track. By discovering the theory, it can help the
researchers in determining the factors affecting the students’ interest in
maritime track.
Theory: Social Cognitive Theory
Theorist: Albert Bandura
Theory Statement:
As stated by Albert Badura (1986) variables such as social support,
which includes friends, family and relatives, influence the career choice of
an individual. Social persuasion can also influence an individual’s interest
and choice of career because there is a conversation or dialogue between
children and their environment. Furthermore, he explained that when an
individual watch their peers succeeding, they are also motivated in
believing that they can also succeed. The theory recognizes both the
cognitive and environmental factors although this study concentrates more
on environmental factors.
Theory Explanation: 19
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Bandura's social learning theory discusses the importance
of observational learning, imitation and modeling. His theory integrates
a continuous interaction between behaviors, personal factors including
cognition and the environment. From the observations and interactions,
students are influenced on different aspects including their interests by the
elements from their environment which can be the family and
friends. What they perceive from their surroundings including their
backgrounds can directly affect their choices and decisions like in the
aspect of career preference.
Relation to the Current Study:

The theory was relevant to this study in a way that it can support
the idea that different persons tend to develop an interest and decide to
choose a career because of the influence from the people in their
environment. This theory applies to this study because social factors such
as peer and family interactions that affect decision making were
considered. In addition to career interest, the theory has been extended to
areas of behavior such as educational achievement and quality of
educational experiences as provided by the family and the school. Simply,
a student can gain interest on a field because of the effect and persuasion
of the people around him/her similar to the proposed study.
Conceptual Framework 20
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This section illustrates what the researchers expect to find through
this research, including how the variables considered might relate to each
other.
INDEPENDENT INTERVENING DEPENDENT
Factors:
a. Family  Financial Problems Grade 11
 Health Problems Students’

b. Peers
 Misleading Interest on
c. School
Information Maritime Track
d. Personal choice
Figure 1 shows the connection of different variables
In this study, there are four specific factors that were investigated
namely the family, peers, school and personal choice of the students. These
particular elements were assumed of having the capacity to influence the
students’ interest on maritime track from different situations On the other
hand, some intervening factors can also be considered such as financial
problems, health problems and some misleading information heard and taken
by the students about maritime track.
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Paradigm of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Factors  Questionnair  Identification of
affecting the es will be specific factors
interest of constructed affecting the
Grade 11  A survey will interest of
students in be students in
choosing conducted choosing
maritime track: among the maritime track
a. Family respondents  Identification of
b. School  Statistical major and
c. Peers analysis on minor factors
d. Personal the gathered affecting the
choice results of interest in
Figure 2 shows the Paradigm

the survey of the Study
maritime track
In order to satisfy the objectives of this study, particular factors affecting
the interest of the students will be investigated. To specify, these are the
family, peers, school and personal choice of the students towards
maritime track. After the thorough assessments, the researchers will be

22
able to identify and understand these factors in relation to the interest in
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
maritime track. Moreover, it will also give an insight regarding which of
these elements has the greatest and the least effect towards the students’
interest. For the collection of data, a survey will be conducted among the
respondents. Questionnaires will be administered then statistical analysis
will follow for the interpretation of data.
Chapter 3
23
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
This chapter explains the method and design adapted by this
research also providing a detailed explanation on the data collection
method as well as the respondents of this study.
Research Method/Design
In order to satisfy the objectives of this study, a quantitative
research will be applied. This type of research is mostly appropriate for
larger samples, while its outcomes are measurable and quantifiable
similar to the proposed study. According to Surendran (2019), quantitative
research is defined as the systematic investigation of phenomena by
gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical or
computational techniques.
Moreover, this study will further utilize a descriptive research design.
As stated by McCombes and Shuttleworth (2019), descriptive research
design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the
behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way. It aims to accurately
and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. This
research design can answer what, when, where, when and how questions.
Furthermore, it is an appropriate choice when the research aim is to
identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, correlations, and categories.

24
Respondents of the Study

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The researchers will consider the Grade 11 maritime students, both
males and females as the respondents of this study. Specifically, 158
students will be chosen from a population of 261 students. Hence, 20
students will participate from each section all coming from PNTC
Colleges, Dasmariñas City Campus. The exact number of respondents
was derived through the Slovin’s Formula having 0.05 as the margin of
error also applying the simple random sampling wherein in a population,
everyone has an equal chance of being selected as a respondent of the
study. These individuals are chosen without restrictions as long as they
are part of the maritime track. Their current level has to do with the
problem of the study as they experienced the situation to be studied.
Research Instruments
For this current study, a survey will be applied as the data
gathering instrument. Based on the description of Bhat (2019), a survey is
a research instrument used for collecting data from a pre-defined group of
respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of
interest. Surveys have a variety of purposes and can be carried out in

25
many ways. Furthermore, the data is usually obtained through the use of
standardized procedures whose purpose is to ensure that each
respondent is able to answer the questions avoiding biased opinions that
could influence the outcome of the research or study. A survey involves

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
asking people for information through a questionnaire, which can be
distributed on paper. In this survey of the study, it will apply a self-
constructed questionnaire wherein according to Singleton (2019), it
focuses on asking only what the researchers need or focusing on the
evidence needed to be obtained from the survey making it shorter. It also
uses a simple language avoiding jargons so that the respondents can
easily answer and comprehend the given questions. The questionnaire of
this research is divided into three parts. The first part talks about the
personal information of the respondents such as name (optional). The
second part tells the instruction on how the survey will be answered.
Lastly, the third part is the section where the survey questions are located.
Validation of the Instrument
The self-constructed questionnaire was forwarded to the adviser
for comments and suggestions. Revisions were incorporated for the
improvement of the instrument. The instrument was then content validated
by Mr. Raymond R. Go and Mr. Romeo

26 E. Esteban Jr. because they are
related with the marketing and assessment of students’ responses
towards maritime track.
After the validation of the questionnaire, test-retest method was
conducted to ten TVL 11 maritime students in order to test its reliability.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Data Gathering Procedure
Phase I: Preparation Stage
At this stage, the researchers will ask permission from the school
principal for the survey that will be conducted among the chosen Grade 11
students as respondents with a formal letter. In the same way, the specific
survey questionnaires will be carefully prepared and constructed in order
to completely satisfy the research problems presented in this study.
Phase II: Data Gathering Stage
At this point, the produced questionnaire is now ready. It will be
distributed to the selected 158 respondents coming from eight sections of
Grade 11 students. The researchers will attentively monitor them to make
sure that they are seriously responding to the survey. The questionnaire
will be distributed randomly to the students since the study applied a
simple random sampling. After half of an hour, the researchers will
completely retrieve the papers from them.
Phase III: Data Analysis 27
After retrieving the questionnaires, the researchers will now
compute, analyse, evaluate and tabulate the gathered data in order to
understand and finally answer the presented research problems. For the
validation of statistical computations, the researchers will also ask a
statistician to verify if the calculations were done accurately.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data gathered was treated by using statistical tools dealing
with the interpretation and analysis of the gathered data in this survey.
Questionnaires were tallied, tabulated and subjected to statistical
treatment in order to ensure the accuracy, validity and reliability of the
data and information. Hence, a quantitative method was applied in the
assessment.
Percentage
Formula:
f
%= x100
N
Where:
% = percentage
F= frequency of respondents
N = total number of respondents
Chapter 4
28
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the interpretation and analysis of data which
called through the instrument employed. Solution to the problem raise in
the study was sought. The findings were presented following the
sequence using generally accepted statistical tools and following the
sequence of the sub problem in the study’s aims to solve.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
OPTIONS
YES NO
STATEMENTS TOTAL
FAMILY
1 82 76 158
2 88 70 158
3 149 9 158
4 129 29 158
5 145 13 158
PEERS
1 67 91 158
2 82 76 158
3 41 117 158
4 64 94 158
5 39 29 119 158
SCHOOL
1 123 35 158
2 121 37 158
3 92 66 158
4 115 43 158
5 133 25 158
PERSONAL CHOICE
1 137 21 158
2 141 17 158
3 149 9 158
4 150 8 158
5 144 14 158
Table 1: Tally Sheet of the Results

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FAMILY
30
One of my family members is part of the maritime industry.
48%
52%
YES NO
Figure 3: Percentage distribution with regards to having family
members who are part of the maritime industry.
Figure 3 presents that out of one hundred fifty-eight (158)
respondents, fifty–two (52) percent said yes and forty-eight (48) percent
said no. It indicates that with the presence or absence of family members
in the maritime industry, the students chose maritime track.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FAMILY
31
My family wanted me to continue an unfulfilled dream or career by

one of them on the field of maritime.
44%
56%
YES NO
Figure 4: Percentage distribution with regards to the family’s
demand to continue their unfulfilled dream or career in the field of
maritime.
respondents, fifty-six (56) percent said yes and forty-four (44) percent said
no. It shows that larger number of students tend choose maritime track
because their family members wanted them to continue their unfulfilled
dream or career in this field.
32
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FAMILY
My family wanted me to have a secured future through this job.
5%
95%
YES NO
Figure 5: Percentage distribution with regards to the aim of the
family for a student to have a secured future through this job.
respondents, ninety-five (95) percent said yes and five (5) percent said no.
It clearly states that almost all of the families wanted a student take a
maritime track to have a secured future.
33
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FAMILY
My family aims to improve our social status through this career.
18%
82%
YES NO
Figure 6: Percentage distribution with regards to the goal of the
family to improve their social status through this career.
respondents, eighty-two (82) percent said yes and eighteen (18) percent
said no. It indicates that most of the families of the students wanted to
improve their social status by taking maritime track.
34
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FAMILY
My family believes that through this career, I will be a well-disciplined

individual.
8%
92%
YES NO
Figure 7: Percentage distribution with regards to the family’s belief
that by choosing maritime track, a student will become a well-
disciplined individual.
respondents, ninety-two (92) percent said yes and eight (8) percent said
no. It clearly states that most of the families believe that the students will
become a well-disciplined individual in the field of maritime.
35
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
PEERS
I considered the suggestion of my friends to take maritime track.
42%
58%
YES NO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Figure 8: Percentage distribution with regards to considering the
suggestion of friends in taking maritime track.
respondents, forty-two (42) percent said yes and fifty-eight (58) percent
said no. It shows that larger number of students do not consider the
suggestion of friends in taking maritime track.
PEERS
36
One of my friends is a maritime student.
48%
52%
YES NO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Figure 9: Percentage distribution with regards to having friends who
are maritime students.
respondents, fifty-two (52) percent said yes and forty-eight (48) percent
said no. It indicates that with the absence or presence of friends who are
maritime students, students chose maritime track.
PEERS
37
I decided to take maritime track to be with my friends.
26%
74%
YES NO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Figure 10: Percentage distribution with regards to students taking
maritime track in order to be with their friends.
respondents, twenty-six (26) percent said yes and seventy-four (74)
percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the students do not take
maritime track just to be with their friends.
38
PEERS
Majority of my classmate take maritime track.
41%
59%
YES NO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Figure 11: Percentage distribution with regards to students whose
majority of classmates take maritime track.
respondents, forty-one (41) percent said yes and fifty-nine (59) percent
said no. It shows that a larger number of students take maritime track
although not majority of their classmates chose the track.
PEERS
A lot of students within my community are taking maritime track.
39 25%
75%
YES NO
Figure 12: Percentage distribution with regards to students whose a
lot of peers in their community are taking maritime track.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
respondents, twenty-five (25) percent said yes and seventy-five (75)
percent said no. It indicates that most students take maritime track despite
the absence of many students in their community taking maritime track.
40
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL
The school offers a high quality education that is why I chose maritime
track.
22%
78%
YES NO
Figure 13: Percentage distribution with regards to students who take
maritime track because the school offers a high quality education
respondents, seventy-eight (78) percent said yes and twenty-two(22)
percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the students chose maritime
track because the school offers high quality education.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL
The learning environment/ facilities of the school attracted me

towards pursuing maritime track.
23%
77%
YES NO
Figure 14: Percentage distribution with regards to the learning
environment/facilities of the school that attracted the students
towards pursuing maritime track.
respondents, seventy-seven (77) percent said yes and twenty-three (23)
percent said no. It shows that most of the students pursue maritime track
because they were attracted towards the learning environment/facilities of
the school.
42
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL
The maritime school is not far/ accessible from my residence that is

why I chose maritime track.
42%
58%
YES NO
Figure 15: Percentage distribution with regards to a maritime school
being not far/ accessible to students’ residences.
respondents, fifty-eight (58) percent said yes and forty-two (42) percent
said no. It indicates that a larger number of students chose maritime track
because the school is not far/accessible to their residences.
43
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
I like the preferred uniform of the maritime school.
27%
73%
YES NO
SCHOOL
Figure 16: Percentage distribution with regards to students who like
the preferred the uniform of the maritime school.
respondents, seventy-three (73) percent said yes and twenty-seven (27)
percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the students like the
preferred uniform of the maritime school.
44
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL
The maritime school has a good background/reputation in the

industry that is why I chose maritime track.
16%
84%
YES NO
Figure 17: Percentage distribution with regards to maritime school
having a good background/reputation in the industry, influencing the
students to take maritime track.
respondents, eighty-four (84) percent said yes and sixteen (16) percent
said no. It indicates that majority of the students chose maritime track
because the maritime school has a good background/reputation in the
industry.
45
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
It is my dream that is why I chose maritime track.
13%
87%
YES NO
PERSONAL CHOICE
Figure 18: Percentage distribution with regards to students who
chose maritime track for it is their dream.
respondents, eighty-seven (87) percent said yes and thirteen (13) percent
said no. It shows that majority of the students take maritime track because
it is their dream.
46
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
PERSONAL CHOICE
I chose maritime track because this field is appropriate for my skills
11%
89%
YES NO
chose maritime track because the field is appropriate for their skills.
respondents, eighty-nine (89) percent said yes and eleven (11) percent
said no. It shows that majority of the students take maritime track because
it is appropriate with their skills.
PERSONAL CHOICE
47
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
I was motivated by the benefits of this job that is why I chose

maritime track.
6%
94%
YES NO
chose maritime track as being motivated by the benefits of the job.
respondents, ninety-four (94) percent said yes and six (6) percent said no.
It indicates that almost all of the students chose maritime track as being
motivated by the benefits of the job.
PERSONAL CHOICE
48
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
I believe that I can ba succesful along the maritime program.
5%
95%
YES NO
believe that they will become successful along the maritime
program.
respondents, ninety-five (95) percent said yes and five (5) percent said no.
It clearly states that almost all of the students believe that they will
become successful along the maritime program.
PERSONAL CHOICE
49
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
I like the challenges that maritime program offers to me.
9%
91%
YES NO
Figure 22: Percentage distribution with regards to students who like
the challenges that the maritime program offers to them.
respondents, ninety-one (91) percent said yes and nine (9) percent said
no. It indicates that majority of the students like the challenges that the
maritime program offers to them.
50
Chapter 5
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter highlights the summary of the findings, conclusions,
and recommendations of the study.
Findings
FAMILY
1. Figure 3 presents that out of one hundred fifty-eight (158)
respondents, fifty–two (52) percent said yes and forty-eight (48)
percent said no. It indicates that with the presence or absence of
family members in the maritime industry, the students chose
maritime track.
respondents, fifty-six (56) percent said yes and forty-four (44)
percent said no .It shows that larger number of students tend
choose maritime track because their family members wanted them
to continue their unfulfilled dream or career in this field.
respondents, ninety-five (95) percent said yes and five (5) percent
said no. It clearly states that almost all of the families wanted a
student take a maritime track to have a secured future.
respondents, eighty-two (82) percent said yes and eighteen (18)
percent said no. It indicates

51 that most of the families of the
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
students wanted to improve their social status by taking maritime
track.
respondents, ninety-two (92) percent said yes and eight (8)
percent said no. It clearly states that most of the families believe
that the students will become a well-disciplined individual in the
field of maritime.
PEERS
respondents, forty-two (42) percent said yes and fifty-eight (58)
percent said no. It shows that larger number of students do not
consider the suggestion of friends in taking maritime track.
respondents, fifty-two (52) percent said yes and forty-eight (48)
percent said no. It indicates that with the absence or presence of
friends who are maritime students, students chose maritime track.
respondents, twenty-six (26) percent said yes and seventy-four
(74) percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the students
do not take maritime track just to be with their friends.
respondents, forty-one (41) percent said yes and fifty-nine (59)

52
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
percent said no. It shows that a larger number of students take
maritime track although not majority of their classmates chose the
track.
respondents, twenty-five (25) percent said yes and seventy-
five(75) percent said no. It indicates that most students take
maritime track despite the absence of many students in their
community taking maritime track.
SCHOOL
respondents, seventy-eight (78) percent said yes and twenty-two
(22) percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the students
chose maritime track because the school offers high quality
education.
respondents, seventy-seven (77) percent said yes and twenty-
three(23) percent said no. It shows that most of the students
pursue maritime track because they were attracted towards the
learning environment/facilities of the school.
respondents, fifty-eight (58) percent said yes and forty-two (42)

53
percent said no. It indicates that a larger number of students chose
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
maritime track because the school is not far/accessible to their
residences.
respondents, seventy-three (73) percent said yes and twenty-
seven (27) percent said no. It clearly states that majority of the
students like the preferred uniform of the maritime school.
respondents, eighty-four (84) percent said yes and sixteen (16)
percent said no. It indicates that majority of the students chose
maritime track because the maritime school has a good
background/reputation in the industry.
PERSONAL CHOICE
respondents, eighty-seven (87) percent said yes and thirteen(13)
percent said no. It shows that majority of the students take
maritime track because it is their dream.
respondents, eighty-nine (89) percent said yes and eleven (11)
percent said no. It shows that majority of the students take
maritime track because it is appropriate with their skills.

54
respondents, ninety-four (94) percent said yes and six (6) percent
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
said no. It indicates that almost all of the students chose maritime
track as being motivated by the benefits of the job.
respondents, ninety-five (95) percent said yes and five (5) percent
said no. It clearly states that almost all of the students believe that
they will become successful along the maritime program.
respondents, ninety-one (91) percent said yes and nine (9) percent
said no. It indicates that majority of the students like the
challenges that the maritime program offers to them.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researchers concluded that
among the four factors affecting the interest in choosing maritime track,
most of the students considered their personal choice towards the career.
It has the highest effect on the students’ interest in taking maritime track.
The next influencing factor is the family. Several students tend to pursue
maritime track because of their families’ influence and decision. Similarly
with family, the school has almost the same effect. The interest of the
students to choose maritime track can

55 also be affected with the existing
good qualities of a maritime institution. Lastly, the peers were least
considered by the students in taking the career. It has the lowest effect
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
among the four factors. Few of the students are valuing peer influence for
maritime track.
Recommendations
1. For further developments of this study, other factors like health
condition, status, financial problem etc. can also be evaluated in
order to gain another meaningful data for the future researchers to
discover and understand the current situation better.
2. For the school and administrators, they must keep on improving
facilities and services for the students to gain higher interest
towards choosing maritime track. Moreover, it is very important to
maintain best quality of education provided. As a learning
institution, the school must also guide the students including their
peers and families in taking maritime track. In this way, gaining
higher interest and awareness will be easier thus helping the
number of enrollees to increase.
3. For the families and guardians, they should identify and consider
their children’s personal choices in choosing a career for it is one of
the most essential aspects of career development. They should
lead the students on the right path of career considering the
personal choices and aspirations.

56
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Bibliography 57
I.
Aguado, C., Deligero, J., Laguador, J. (2015). Factors Affecting the Choice of
School and Students’ Level of Interest towards the Maritime Program. Asian
Social Science , 237.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Ban, K. (2016, September 29). Maritime Transport Is ‘Backbone of Global Trade
and the Global Economy’, Says Secretary-General in Message for International
Day. Retrieved September 2, 2019, from United Nations:
https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18129.doc.htm
Bechara, A. (2019). Social Influence in Adolescent Decision-Making: A Formal

Framework. Retrieved September 4, 2019, from Frontiers:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01915/full
Bradford, G., Crowe, T., Milne, J., Smith, T. (2018). Review of Maritime
Transport . Retrieved September 2, 2019, from United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development: https://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?
publicationid=2245
Caguimbal, G., Delacion, D., Medina, A., Mendoza, M., Sanchez, M. (2013).
Level of Awareness of Maritime Students . Educational Research International
Educational Research International , 11.
Castillo, P., Gestiada, V.,Nazareno, A., Villanueva, R. (2017). Development of a

Senior High School. Philippine Journal of Science , 453.
Hammond, L. (2016). Implications for educational practice of the science of

learning and development. Retrieved September 4, 2019, from Applied
Developmental Science:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791

PNTC Colleges - Dasmariñas: Senior High School

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTEREST OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS

IN CHOOSING MARITIME TRACK AT PNTC COLLEGES

DASMARIÑAS CITY CAMPUS

the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department

PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas City Campus

of the Requirements for

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions

This research paper entitled Factors Affecting the Interest of

Grade 11 Students in Choosing Maritime Track at PNTC Colleges

Dasmariñas City Campus, prepared and submitted by Aj Mark Amper,

Magdalene Longcop, Diolome Paalisbo Jr., Angelo Rodriguez and Ejay

Zarco, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for APL-RES03 Inquiries,

Investigations, and Immersions subject, has been examined and is

recommended for acceptance and approval for final defense.

RAYMART M. DEL MUNDO, LPT

RESEARCH PAPER REVIEW PANEL

The researchers would like to express their deepest appreciation to

to make this study possible.

The researchers would like to thank their thesis adviser Mr.Raymart

Practical Research. Through his guidance, the researchers were able to

completely understand the different aspects of making the research paper.

Marketing Department who served as validators of the questionnaire. With

increasing its reliability.

In addition, the researchers would also like to thank and appreciate

effort in checking the grammar of the whole paper.

Special acknowledgment to the principal of Senior High School

Department of PNTC Colleges Mrs. Rosalinda Avila for allowing the

researchers to conduct a survey among the TVL 11 students of PNTC

Colleges. The survey was conducted immediately because of her

Moreover, the researchers would also like to recognize the active

participation of the respondents from TVL 11 students. The important data

were gathered from their responses towards the research questions.

Through their engagement, meaningful data were collected.

Likewise, the researchers expresses their very profound gratitude

to the parents, most specially to Paalisbo, Rodriguez and Longcop family

for supporting and giving accommodation while making the research

paper. Their encouragement also inspired the researchers to keep on

doing well throughout the processes of research.

wisdom. His great blessing of faith, love, knowledge and guidance

strengthened the researchers towards finishing every aspect of the paper

with patience and excellence.

The researchers dedicate this research work to the PNTC Colleges

and instructors and to their families. A special feeling of gratitude to PNTC

Colleges and instructors for being an effective institution of learning and

wisdom-sharing community which continue to accept and hone all kinds of

The researchers also dedicate this paper to their families namely

Longcop, Paalisbo, Zarco, Libot, Cajandoc, Amper, Delos Santos and

Rodriguez family. Their untiring support from the various aspects of

processes, their assistance were very helpful in completing the paper.

Lastly, the success of this research paper was dedicated to the

“Factors Affecting the Interest of Grade 11 Students in Choosing Maritime

Track at PNTC Colleges Dasmariñas City Campus”

Patrick Jason Delos Santos

Dench Sylord Libot

Mia Magdalene Longcop

Diolome Paalisbo Jr.

TVL Maritime Specialization

The main objective of this descriptive study was to determine the

The method used by the proponents of this quantitative study was

based on the use of survey questionnaires which applied a descriptive