ELEPHANTS AND CHEESE: AN EXPLORATORY PAPER

The first and last 2 have been completed for you.

1 point each. Total of 5 Points

by Teck Wann

It is widely known that elephants fear cheese, and will flee at the
first whiff of it (“Elephants stampede”, 2003). What is not yet well Source F
understood is why this phenomenon occurs. For more than a decade
academics have been researching this perplexing topic. Their work
constitutes part of the booming new discipline known as pachydermo-
fromagology, which is defined as “the study of elephant-cheese
Source D
interactions” (Concise Oxford dictionary, 2004). This paper will
evaluate existing research and theories, and argue that none of them
satisfactorily explain the data which has been gathered so far.

That elephants fear cheese was an accidental discovery made by

the noted elephantologist G. Coleman (1984). The story of the Source B
discovery is now famous, but worth repeating:
After a hard morning following the herd, I had just sat down
under a tree for lunch and unwrapped a particularly delectable
chunk of cheddar sent up from the base camp. Suddenly I heard
an enormous trampling sound, and when I looked up, the entire Source C,
herd was gone. ( ) page 160
His discovery, while dismissed at the time, was subsequently
Sources
corroborated by other researchers. Several studies ( ) have G, H
confirmed the phenomenon, and that it occurs among both African and
Asian elephants. A recent report by the Elephant Research Institute
( ) established that smell is the primary means elephants Source E
detect cheese, and that they will ignore large pieces of cheese if tightly
wrapped. Meanwhile a French cheese expert asserts on his website that
elephants do not flee from French cheese, only the lesser cheeses of
other nations. “Zee creatures, zey have good taste, non?” he writes
Source I,
( ). Introduction,
para. 2
Recently, a new theory has exploded on the scene and caused
quite a stink. Based on several clever experiments, K. Maas Source J,
( ) has claimed that in fact elephants do not fear cheese at page 468
all, but instead fear the mice which are attracted to cheese. However,
this theory, which she calls the Maas Mouse Hypothesis (MMH), has
Sources
not yet been widely accepted. One researcher (Sturgess, 2004a, 2004b) K, L
has published a series of articles roundly denouncing the MMH, and
the debate has even spilled over into the popular press (Achison, Source A
2004).
 References

Achison, C.L. (2004, April). A ripe and weighty issue: an interview with A
Monica Sturgess. Cheese Lovers World, 6 (4), 12-13.

Coleman, G.J. (1984). An odd behaviour observed among the species Elephas
B
maximus. Journal of Trunked Mammal Studies, 23, 421-429.

Coleman, G.J. (1988). Underfoot: ten years among the elephants. New York: C
Oxford University Press.

Concise Oxford dictionary, 11th ed. (2004). Oxford University Press. Retrieved D
October 20, 2004, from Oxford Reference Online database.

Elephant Research Institute, Simon Fraser University. (2001) Smell versus

sight: detection of cheese by elephants. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from E
http://www.sfu.ca/eri/reports/00107elephants.pdf

Elephants stampede, 7 cheese-lovers trampled. (2003, November 22). F

Vancouver Sun, p. A1, A8.

Gibson, C.N. & Sturgess, M.N. (1987). Elephant fleeing behaviour confirmed.
Journal of Elephantology, 16, 239-245. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from G
Academic Search Elite database.

Gibson, C.N. Sturgess, M.N., & Bates, A.T. (1989). Experiments with cheese
effects on Elephas maximus and Elephas africanus. Journal of H
Elephantology, 18, 120-134. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from Academic
Search Elite database.

Gouda, A.N. (n.d.) Commentary of a report about cheese and les elephants. I
Retrieved October 23, 2004, from
http://www.mondedefromage.fr/elephants.html

Maas, K.A. (2003). The missing link: elephants, mice, and cheese. International
Journal of Rodentia Research, 56, 459-471. Retrieved October 31, 2004, J
from http://www.elsevierpublisher.com/ijrr/56/4/maas.htm

Sturgess, M.N. (2004a). Of mice and cheese (Part 1). Journal of Trunked K
Mammal Studies, 43, 10-15.

Sturgess, M.N. (2004b). Of mice and cheese (Part 2). Journal of Trunked
Mammal Studies, 43, 219-225. L
How to Use In-Text Citations in APA Format Worksheet
APA Guide
Practice with this In-Text Citations in APA Format Worksheet to make sure you follow the APA
Guide. Ten exercises require you to write a sentence using either direct or indirect quotations while
following the proper format for this style of citation.

Instructions
For the exercises below, use signal phrases and/or parenthetical citations to work the quote into a
sentence. Any information necessary for the in-text citations are provided. You can use direct or
indirect quotes, but make sure to use at least four of each.

Each in-text citation is worth 2 points for a total of 20 points

· Author: Randy Sonoma

Publication date: 2011
Quote: “The incidence of high suicide rates is partly due to a lack of sufficient intervention
programs.”
Page number: 138

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

· Authors: Sarah Belkins, Ruth DeFone, Samual Cruz, Dan Smith

Publication date: 2007
Quote: “Children of alcoholic parents are less likely to find themselves in healthy, loving adult
relationships.”
Page number: 23

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Authors: Sarah Belkins, Ruth DeFone, Samual Cruz, Dan Smith, Randy Sonoma, Rick
Dunkin
Publication date: 2004
Quote: “Teenagers become increasingly susceptible to peer pressure as they grow older
starting at age 12.”
Page number: 237
Volume number: 5

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author: unknown
Publication date: n/a
Website name: Losing Weight Naturally
Quote: “To lose one pound, an individual must burn an extra 3500 calories.”
Paragraph number: 6

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author: Kylie Harris
Personal communication type: email
Date: July 3, 2011
Quote: “I found it much easier to lose weight as a teenager than I do now that I am in my
30s.”

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author: Randy Somona
Publication date: 2011
Second publication cited by this author, and both have the same year of publication
Quote: “Suicidal ideation is often formed when an individual has given up hope.”
Page number: 48

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author: Anonymous
Publication date: 2003
Quote: “Slightly increasing the incline on a treadmill can reduce the impact on the knee joints
for those who suffer from arthritis.”
Paragraph number: 4

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author 1: Raymond Banks
Publication date 1: 2005
Quote 1: “Following a diet of 1000 calories a day or less is not advised without the
supervision of a medical professional.”
Page number 1: 125
Author 2: Sheila Webber
Publication date 2: 2008
Quote 2: “Anyone who wants to follow a diet with a caloric intake of 1000 calories or less
should first consult with a physican.”
Page number 2: 32

Your sentence:
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Author 1: Brandon Rose
Publication date 1: 2009
Quote 1: “Circuit training is more effective than a weight lifting training program.”
Page number 1: 245
Author 2: Cecil Rose
Publication date 2: 1999
Quote 2: “There are advantages of circuit training over doing a program that focuses solely
on weight lifting.”
Page number 2: 17

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
· Authors: Brian Henks, Brenda Smanke
Publication date: 2001
Quote: “Sustainable weight loss is most often achieved through losing weight slowly by
following a healthy diet and engaging in regular exercise.”
Page number: 387

Your sentence:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________