Bulacan State University

College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

SUBJECT: ME Laboratory 1 (ME 311)

EXPERIMENT NO. 1: Layered Liquids

GROUP NO.: 6

LEADER: Guidoc, Luna Mae C.

GROUP MEMBERS: Agnote, Rea T., De Guzman, Aaron Choco S., Parungao, Al Christian P.

COURSE / YEAR / SECTION: BSME 3A

DATE OF SUBMISSION: June 12, 2021

SUBJECT INSTRUCTOR: Engr. Adrian C. Flores

I. OBJECTIVES:

The experiment to be performed has the following objectives:

1. Compare the different density of liquids by referring to the arrangement of liquid layers in a
container.
2. Determine the effect of upper layers of liquids to the lower ones.
3. Identify practical applications of the experiment performed.

II. INTRODUCTION:

In fluid mechanics, a siphon is the most widely used instrument, which consists of a hose
full of water with one end at a water source and the other end pouring out into a destination below
the source. In a narrower sense, the term refers to a tube with an inverted "U" shape that causes
a liquid to flow upward, above the surface of a reservoir, without the use of a pump, and is
powered by the liquid's fall as it flows down the tube under gravity's pull, then discharges at a
level lower than the reservoir's surface.
 

Throughout history, scientists have believed that atmospheric pressure is the driving force behind
the principle of siphons and they have theorized that gravity is the key force. The force of gravity
continues to pull the liquid through the tube after it has been sucked up the tube and over the
hump. The idea is based on liquid cohesion, which requires the presence of a continuous chain of
cohesive bonds in the liquid.

This experiment offers a great demonstration of water hydraulics and will illustrate how an
endless siphon is possible to perform.

III. MATERIALS and DESCRIPTIONS:

Materials Images Descriptions

1. Siphons A pre-made pipe or tube

through which a liquid can be
drawn in or squirt out.

2. Glasses A liquid-holding transparent

glass that is flat-bottomed.

3. Cooking oil It is made up of an edible

vegetable oil derived from
olives, peanuts, and
safflowers.
 4. Tap water A mixture of the chemical
components hydrogen and
oxygen in the form of a liquid.

A color additive that adds

colors to any liquid, such as
5. Food coloring
water.

IV. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES:

Procedures Illustrations Remarks

1. Gather the materials Unavailable liquid may be

needed for the substituted with a closer
experimentation. density liquid to it.

2. To begin the Ensure the flow of the liquid

experimentation, carefully will not touch the sides of the
pour about one inch of glass.
liquid dishwashing soap
into an empty glass.

3. Gradually add cooking oil Ensure the flow of the liquid

to the glass. will not touch the sides of the

4. Then, fill the glass with
colored water slowly.
5. One at a time, add a few
drops of ink into the glass
using the dropper.
6. Then, observe the liquids
on the glass for about a
minute and record the
observations.
7. Using the same glass
filled with different liquids,
stand a clear straw
upright in the glass
enough to avoid reaching
the top layer of the
colored water.
glass.
The colored water may touch
the sides of the glass. The
color of the water is suggested
to be more contrasted to the
other liquids.
Use an ink denser than the
water.
Do not tamper the glass with
layered liquids.
The straw should be still and
not cause mixing.
 8. Finally, cover the top Properly covered the top of the
opening of the straw by straw to stop air from entering
placing a finger over it and exerting a downward force
and gently lift the straw. on the liquid.
Record again the
observations.

V. FINDINGS, ANALYSIS, and PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS:

Findings Analysis Practical Applications

1. The liquid dishwashing Density of each liquid causes
soap, colored water, and them to separate and create
cooking oil remained to layers. High dense liquids will
unmix and create layers. float to the bottom while less
dense will float on the top.
This concept is commonly
used in wastewater treatment
facilities, and food industries
(usage of equipment such as
grease trap and oil-water
separator).

2. Ink droplets remained on Other than density, buoyancy
the top layer of the is also the reason behind why
colored water at some ink droplets remain on the top
time. layer of the colored water. This
is because the buoyant force
exerted by the water is greater
than the weight of the ink and
less than the cooking oil.
This concept is commonly
used in several transportations
technologies such as ships,
submarines, and airplanes to
meet stability under different
conditions.

3. A column of colored Covering one end will reduce This concept is widely used in
water in the straw was air pressure inside the straw the medical field, for example,
able to rise above the and create a suction. The suction machines that are
cooking oil. water stayed inside the straw used for people with
 when lifted because the respiratory problems. This is
pressure of the air outside is also used in manual and
greater than the air inside the automated handling
straw. applications.

VI. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:

The three liquid layers are arranged in the following order: Cooking Oil - Water -
Dishwashing Liquid. The density of each liquids are measured when mixing the different liquids
together, the properties of the liquids identifies the extent in which one is more denser. The
densest liquid is at the bottom, while the least dense liquid is at the top.

The buoyancy is affected by the density of a liquid. The substance (ink) that is put in a
fluid weighs less than the weight of a fluid, that's why the ink remains at the top layer of water.
Buoyancy is directly related to the weight, or the density of the fluid. A more dense, or heavier
fluid will then have the ability to float heavier objects.

The concept of pressure is also applied in this experiment. The pressure is directly
proportional to density. A force acts on the liquid above another liquid which the rate of pressure
increase is equal to the specific weight of the fluid.