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97 Structure and Demography of Prisons in Tamil Nadu
97 Structure and Demography of Prisons in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Dr.C.Paramasivan*
[The words ‘Prison’ and ‘Gaol’ are derived from the Latin words which mean to “Seize” and
“Cage” respectively. The Oxford English Dictionary defines prison as, “A place properly arranged
and equipped for the reception of persons who by legal process are committed to it for safe
custody while awaiting trial or punishment”. Prison is one of the complicated and pathetic places
where the convict and the under trial persons are lodged because of their involvement in illegal
or unlawful activities.]
I
t is the universal phenomenon which had an regulated the prison system in the country. At that
ancient history from the age old periods. time there were 43 civil, 75 criminal and 68
System and treatment of prison and prisoners mixed jails in India. These jails were run by
have been changing owing to growing evaluation District Magistrates.
of the human rights approach. In the early periods,
Category of Prisoners
prison was one of the places where the anti-social
and anti-national persons were lodged, but now Prisoners may be categorized according to their
it has been changing, and even if the prisoners legal compliances. The following are the major
are convicts, they are treated as human beings categories of prison inmates lodged in Indian
and his/her rights are protected by law. jails;
That rehabilitation steps are being taken to create A convict is “a person found guilty of
a new life after imprisonment is quite common a crime and sentenced by a court” or “a person
all around the world. With this view, the present serving a sentence in prison”. An under-trial is a
paper discusses the demographic profile of person who is currently on trial in a court of
prisoners in Tamil Nadu. law. A detenu is any person held in custody.
Prison inmates lodged in Indian jails in relation
Prison in India
to non-Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes are
During the time of Emperor Akbar, there were classified as civil prisoners.
two kinds of prisons, one for criminals who had
Review of Literature
committed serious offences and other for ordinary
criminals. Important Nobles and Princes guilty Raju.L.P ( 2014) asserts that the prison system
of treason and rebellions were imprisoned in as it operates today in our country is a legacy of
fortresses situated in different parts of the country. the British Rule. It was the creation of the
The provision for proper jail building in the colonial rulers over our penal system with the
whole of India is the contribution of the British prime motive of making imprisonment “a terror
Government. The native Governments did not to wrongdoers”. In India, jail is the popular term
maintain proper jail buildings. Lord Macaulay, which describes the prisons, which are
a member of the Indian Law Commission, categorized into the following types.
initiated the prison reform in 1835 for the first
Paramasivan.C (2016) emphasizes that the need
time in India. Indian Prisons Act of 1894
of the hour is to streamline the prison as a place
* Asst Prof. of Commerce, Periyar E.V.R.College, for promoting cultured people through various
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. rehabilitation measures to make them as well
I
ndia’s caste system is a framework structured
in such a way that sets individuals a certain on the anvil with regard to uplift them in the ladder
hierarchical status in relation to Hindu of social development because they are regarded
ideology. Traditionally, there are four principal as oppressed people in view of less freedom and
castes and one category of people who fall to some extent regarded as vulnerable in the
outside the caste system namely, Dalits, are spectacle of caste dominant society. Mostly,
termed as members of the lowest rank of Indian Dalits are sidelined and they are termed and
society. They face discrimination at almost every perceived as neglected communit y. The
level of access to all sorts of welfare measures. development initiatives should be streamlined to
bring effective change in the livelihood of dalit
Dalits –”The Vulnerable Community” community.
Dalits, a group of community who belong to the Status of Dalits
category of Scheduled Castes, who come under
the lowest hierarchical of caste system based on The Status of Dalit seems disheartening and
Hindu traditional ideology pre-determined in disgraceful in recent times. The amount and extent
such a way, as a result of this pre- assumed of exclusion practiced is written in the laws of
notion. This category of people faces hectic level Manusmriti, the fundamental work of Hindu law.
of discrimination, exploitation and suppression It plays a major role in the discrimination and
by dominant castes and so as such the government oppression of people in Dalit community. The
machinery also has been influenced by this caste same situation prevails in the present context and
ethics. it was cent uries ago. It has been very
disheartening to discern that the livelihood of
most of the Dalit community does not project any
* Researcher, Dept of Pol. Sc. & Development Admin., encouraging signs. Perhaps there is increase in
Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram.