PROBLEM STATEMENT:- Insects are largely responsible for the crop destruction.

Insecticides or pesticides, a man made or natural preparation are used to kill insects or
otherwise control their reproduction. These herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers are applied to
agricultural crops with the help of a special device known as a "Sprayer," sprayer provides
optimum performance with minimum efforts. The invention of a sprayer, pesticides, fertilizers,
bring revolution in the agriculture or horticulture sector especially by the invention of
sprayers, enable farmers to obtain maximum agricultural output. But the existing sprayers has
certain drawbacks like In conventional type pesticide sprayer, the heavy tank containing
pesticide is carried by the farmer on his back and requires a lot of human efforts for spraying.
For spraying out the pesticide farmer needs to hold the nozzle in the desired direction.
Another type sprayer is fuel operated and requires expensive fuel i.e. Diesel or petrol. Thus the
load on back of the farmer increases causes health issues.Such problems can be overcome by
manually operated multi-nozzle sprayer as discussed in this project.
 Existing Solution Available for Problem Statement:

A. Existing Spraying Methods:

I. Hand operated sprayers (backpack with spray pump) :-
The spraying of pesticides and insecticides is traditionally done by
farmer carrying backpack type sprayer which requires to hold the nozzle in the desired
direction for spraying pesticide. Constant pumping is required to operate this, which result in
muscular disorder.Also, the backpack sprayer can’t maintain pressure.Developing adequate
pressure is laborious and time consuming.Moreover, very small area is covered while spraying.
So, more time are required to spray the entire land. Back pain problems may arise during
middle age due to carrying of 10-20 liter tank on back.

I. Engine driven sprayers.

This is the another type sprayer is fuel operated and requires expensive fuel i.e. Diesel or
petrol. Thus the load on back of the farmer increases causes health issues.Also the pump
III. High pressure sprayer (hydraulic sprayers) :-
Even petrol,diesel based spraying vehicles are used which are not cost efficient and causes
harm to the environment. The tractor mounted sprayers are very expensive, not useful for small
space and all type of crop. It suitable for heighted crop in large amount.Large storage and high
spraying capacity but high cost so small scale Indian farmers cannot afford this.

B.Weeding :
Weed is a plant that competes with crops for water, light, and nutrients. This can reduce crop
production and decrease the value of land, increase cost of cleaning. So weeding is essential
Weeding is the removal of unwanted plants in the field. It is the most difficult tasks in agriculture.
Traditional weeding process is costly and time consuming. Manual weeding process includes a lot
of labour. Mechanical weeding is effective, safe and it minimizes hard work and keeps the soil
surface loose ensuring soil aeration. These mechanisms contribute significantly to safe food
production.

But all the existing solutions has one or the other drawback ,
Concept Idea of Product :

The solution suggested by the proposed project is the use of

multi-nozzle sprayer operated manually.Here rotary motion is converted into reciprocating
motion manually.The handle is being pushed which causes the the wheel to rotate .The chain
sprocket arrangement is driven by the wheel ,this in turn rotates the slider crank ,creating
pressure in piston pump.The amount of pressure created causes the pesticide from the tank to
flow out of the tank . The pesticides propell out through the nozzle , connected to pump
through a connecting rod.

Detailed concept:-

Mechanisms used to achieve reciprocating motion :

● Motion transmission by chain and sprockets arrangement.
● Slider crank mechanism.
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to
another especially when the distance between the centres of the shafts is short such as in
bicycles, motor cycles, agricultural machinery, road rollers, etc. No slip takes place during chain
 In this project a bush roller chain which is extremely strong and simple in construction is used.
It gives good service under severe conditions.Sprocket with Integral Hub are used in chain
drive.
Sprocket ratio is 2.

Sprocket ratio = number of teeth on the driving sprocket

number of teeth on the driven sprocket

Slider-crank mechanism, arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line

motion to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to
straight-line motion, as in a reciprocating piston pump.
In this project , rotary motion obtained to crank from chain drive is converted into
reciprocatory motion of the piston with the help of connecting rod .Thus the required pressure
is achieved by compression and the pesticide is discharged from the nozzle. Also a wedder
attached to the wheels of the trolley , which can be attached or detached as per requirement .
Working of the Product :

Working Principle:
● Motion transmission by chain and sprockets arrangement.
● Slider crank mechanism.

A Hand Operated Knapsack Sprayer of capacity 16L is used which stores the pesticide.
It is based on principle of a reciprocating compressor.A
reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is
a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at
high pressure. The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression
cylinder where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft,
and is then discharged.
Working:-
:
The operator grabs the handle and pulls the trolley forward.
● As trolley moves forward, the wheel rotates in anti-clockwise direction.
● As sprocket is mounted on same shaft of wheel, it also rotates in anticlockwise direction.
● This motion is transferred to crank via chain drive arrangement and crank rotates
anticlockwise as well.
● This will reciprocate the piston via connecting rod and builds up the pressure.
● During the upward motion of the connecting rod the pesticide is drawn into the pump
and during the downward motion of connecting rod the pesticide is forced to the delivery
valve, the delivery is connected to the pipe carrying the number of nozzles
● Thus the pesticide is sprayed.
● Height and angle of the nozzle bar can be adjusted by screw locking , which can be done
manually.
2d image of the product:
Isometric View Of Model
IMAGES OF THE COMPONENTS USED:-

Frame:-
Chain Sprocket:-
Driven Sprocket:-
Bucket:-
Tank Piston Assembly:-
Tank Holder:-
Nozzle bar:-
Wheel:-
Connecting Rod:-
CHAIN SPROCKET MOTION:-
Animation Video:-
Sr.N COMPONENTS DIMENSIONS MATERIAL
o NAME USED
1 Frame 2530*870*410mm Aluminium

2 Tank (18.4*7.6*20.2)inch Plastic

3 Wheel D 500 mm Stainless Steel

4 Inner Sprocket D 162mm AISI 304

Pitch=0.625 inch

5 Outer Sprocket D 324mm AISI 304

Pitch=0.625 inch

6 Nozzle OD 30mm Aluminium

7 Nozzle Bar 800*2*30mm Aluminium

8 Adjustable Bar OD 20mm Aluminium

ID 18mm
9 Wheel Shaft OD 20mm Stainless Steel
ID 40mm

10 Pipe OD 10mm Rubber

ID 8mm

11 Piston Connecting OD 9mm Aluminium

Rod ID 5mm L 675mm

12 Coupler OD 97mm Aluminium

ID 20mm

13 Chain Pitch=0.625 inch AISI 304

L=1750mm

14 Bucket 508*335*182mm Plastic

15 Tank Holder 650*50*124mm

Aluminium
16 Bearing Clamp 50*38.1*6mm Aluminium
Our Model Over Existing Solutions:-

The ‘Manually Operated Multi-Nozzle Sprayer’ using the ‘Crank-Slider Mechanism’ is

much better as compared to the other different type of options available. It is completely
manual as no external power sources are in its operation. Moreover, various materials selected
for the entire mechanism will be easily available at a considerably affordable price. The main
problem being faced by the farmer is to carry the entire load of the pesticide tank on his
shoulder and this problem can be very efficiently solved by the adoption of this method. Also,
very fewer efforts are needed to be applied for its working on the real-situation fields. In
addition to that, no special skills or training is required for the farmer (operator) to operate it.
The model proposed in the project is economical and
user-friendly . The manually operated sprayer is fabricated in low cost and easy to handle in the
farms and also improves the quality of spraying pesticides. The operator can cover large area
without any additional energy by using the manually operated machine for a spraying purpose,
by converting its rotational motion from wheel into reciprocating motion of piston, and also
reducing efforts of the operator. This project is ergonomically designed. Ergonomically it is very
useful to minimize the effort while spraying the pesticide also the process saves the time &
improve the performance.
BENEFITS :-

● It is easy to transport from one place to another.

● No use of fossil fuel or any other external source of energy.
● Reduces human fatigue and effort during spray and decrease the time of spraying the
pesticides.
● Less manufacturing and maintenance cost.
● Multiple nozzles which cover maximum area of spraying in minimum time and at maximum
rate.
● Pesticides can be sprayed on small as well as tall plants.
● Does not require to buy any Specially Designed Pump (conventional knapsack pump can be
directly used here)
● Portable & Ergonomic
● No Running cost
● It is Eco-friendly.
Much more efficient and easily affordable than any other spraying machine for small scale
farmers.
● The motive behind developing this equipment is to create mechanizations which will help
to minimize effort of farming.
● It is suitable for the spraying at minimum costs for the farmers so that he can afford it, of
the many
product available.
● As suggested model has more number of nozzles which will cover maximum area of
spraying in minimum time & at maximum rate.
● Proper adjustment facility in the model with respect to crop helps to avoid excessive use
of pesticides which result into less pollution.
● Imported hollow cone nozzles should be used in the field for better performance.
● This alone pump can used for multiple crops
● We can spray up to height by using adjustable nozzle
Drawbacks of Proposed solution.

● Design can be optimized to reduce in size and save materials and thus reducing costs.
● More nozzles can be added.
● Mechanism can be added to increase the height of the nozzle rather than doing it manually.
● Two more wheels can be added to the frame so the farmer can directly push the vehicle
without lifting it and lift while turning the vehicle.
● Tank Size can be increased by proportionately changing the frame dimensions.
DESIGN CALCULATIONS:- 1.Motion Transmission
Formulas For Chain and Sprocket:
L = {P(T1+T2)/2 + 2m + [[1/sin(180/T1)] - [1/sin(180/T2)]]^2/4m }

D=P/sin(180/T)

Sprocket ratio(R) = no. of teeth on the driving sprocket/no. of teeth on the driven sprocket
R=T1/T2 [T1>T2]

HERE: L= Length of Chain

D1= diameter of Driver Sprocket
D2= diameter of Driven Sprocket
P= Pitch
T1=Teeth of Driver Sprocket
T2=Teeth of Driven sprocket
x=Distance between Sprocket centres
From x=mP => m=31.86mm
From above Calculations we get

T1=62
T2=31
R=2
D1=324mm
D2=162mm
P=0.625in
x=520mm
L=1750mm
No. of links= 58
2.Synthesis of Slider crank mechanism
Slider crank inversion 1 is used in this project.
Rotary motion from Driven sprocket is given to the crank which using slider crank mechanism
gets converted into reciprocating motion of piston.
Synthesis of Slider Crank was done using “Two point synthesis Output Rocker Motion”on 2D
CAD Drafting.
Following are the results:

Piston length=120mm
Hence, Crank= 60mm.
Coupler (Connecting Rod) = 675mm
Fixed link=530mm
3.Calculation of Wheel Diameter.

Distance between two plants = 1.25 feet = 38 cm.

Line covered by one rotation of wheel = 4
38 * 4 = 152 cm
152 = 2πr
r = 152/2π
r = 25 cm

Diameter of wheel = 50 cm

2 Wheel rotations are required for Generation of sufficient pressure.

Pressure from Tank = 3kpa
4.Frame calculations
weight of Tank = 4.3kg*9.8 =42.14 N
Frame is made of 1.5*1.5 inch aluminium bars of thickness 3 mm which can be easily welded.
It will take the weight of the tank easily.
Rest of the frame was designed considering its strength, stability and ergonomics.
A bucket is attached to the frame for carrying extra stuff while spraying.
THANK YOU